101. Party Politics -- Sign In Page Emergence and Development of political Parties in Postcommunist Poland.Budapest and New York CEU Press . Taagapera, Rein and Mathew Soberg Shugart (1989) http://ppq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/10/2/177

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription to Party Politics Online. Explaining the Limited Success of the Communist-Successor Left in Slovakia: The... Haughton Party Politics. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) References ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$15.00 Pay for Admission - You may access all content in Party Politics Online (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US$75.00. Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article or Pay for Admission purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

102. MSN Encarta - Related Items - France anticommunist labor organization secretaries general of French communist party women, representation in French politics http://encarta.msn.com/related_761568934_21/government_and_politics.html

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103. Aljazeera.Net - Iraq Political Chaos Reigns Supreme including the Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi communist parties was formed. political parties are one of the techniques that the people in Iraq are using http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/6475F179-15D4-4E27-A188-2AD11A4F7315.htm

104. Political Life But the legacy of four and a half decades of communist regime, The life ofthe new political parties has been marked by frequent splits and remargers, http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/politica/p_life.html

POLITICAL LIFE The collapse of Nicolae Ceausescu's dictatorial regime in 1989 was received by the whole population with immense relief and great hope. But the legacy of four and a half decades of communist regime, the burdensome legacy of Ceausescu's arbitrary rule and megalomania, as well as the resistance put up by the old structures and mentalities, proved to be much stronger than politicians and analysts in the country and abroad had imagined in the first europhoric months of freedom. The period of transition has proved to be much more difficult and painfil than it appeared to be in the beginning. Having lived for decades, beginning with 1948, under the dictatorship of the sole party (the Romanian Communist Party), after 1989 Romania suddenly saw more than 150 political parties mushrooming. That situation was generated by the generous regulation adopted by the new authorities in 1990 according to which a new political party needed only 250 signatures for registration with the court of law. The principle of political pluralism was included in the new Constitution adopted in 1991 (Art. 3). Typical of Romania was the refoundation, shortly after the collapse of the Ceausescu regime, of the two historical parties which had dominated the interwar political life-the National Peasant Party and the National Liberal Party-, which were outlawed by the communist regime in 1947, as well as the establishment of a party according to ethnic criteria: the Democratic Union of Ethnic Hungarians in Romania (UDMR). The life of the new political parties has been marked by frequent splits and re-margers, specially in the case of the National Salvation Front (FSN) and of the National Liberal Party (PNL).

105. BRAMA - Parties Registered For The March 1998 Election In Ukraine communist party of Ukraine (Komunistychna Partiya Ukrainy) Ukraine s strongestparty, Rukh (Narodnyy Rukh Ukrainy) The bestknown non-communist party, http://www.brama.com/ua-gov/pol-detl.html

BRAMA - Parties Registered for the March 1998 Election in Ukraine ADVERTISEMENT www.aerosvit.com BRAMA Homepage BRAMA - Government of Ukraine GENERAL GOVERNMENT INFO Brief Description Gov't Officials, Ministers, State Chairmen Contact Info for Gov't Armed Forces ... Constitution of Ukraine POLITICS Political Parties in Ukraine-Detail Political Parties in Ukraine-Ideology Political Parties in Ukraine-Affiliation Political Parties in Ukraine-Analysis ... Crimean Political Organizations ELECTION RESULTS Presidential Election Results - 1994 Parliamentary Election Results - 1994-Detailed Parliamentary Election Results - 1994-By Alliances/Parties DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION Consulate General-New York Trade Mission-New York Embassies, Consulates, Missions of Ukraine Foreign Embassies in Ukraine The following information is listed alphabetically in English and was obtained from various sources deemed reliable including Holos Ukrainy, RFE/RL, UN and IMF publications, Den, however, responsiblities for errors are our own. Please report any errors of commission and omission to webmaster@BRAMA.com

106. Poland :: Political Parties Thus, the political parties in Poland represent a broad range of public in 1991 as a social democratic alternative to the postcommunist parties. http://poland.gov.pl/?document=395

107. Iraqi Political Parties Address Voters' Social Concerns - US Department Of State Iraqi political Parties Address Voters Social Concerns The communist Partypledges “to take care of retirees and raise their pensions to provide them http://usinfo.state.gov/mena/Archive/2005/Jan/25-268515.html

Advanced Search/Archive You Are In: USINFO Regions Middle East and North Africa Iraq Update ... Iraq Elections Iraqi Political Parties Address Voters' Social Concerns Health care, education, jobs and religion top list of social issues By David Shelby Washington File Staff Writer Washington – Health care, education and jobs are some of the chief issues on Iraqi voters’ minds as they head to the polls, according to a recent survey of nearly 2,000 eligible voters from across the country, and political parties are crafting social agendas to address the voters’ concerns. More than 16 percent of those surveyed, in a poll conducted by an Iraqi polling firm, identified health care as the number one problem that the new Iraqi government needs to address, making it the most commonly cited concern. Several parties mention the desire to work toward ensuring free universal health care in their party platforms, but it is perhaps the United Iraqi Alliance that gives the issue the most comprehensive treatment.  The United Iraqi Alliance pledges to provide care and medication to the sick, to build a sufficient number of clinics in order to meet the population’s health needs  and to provide universal health insurance. It’s party platform goes on to address environmental conditions affecting public health, promising to protect the population “from all types of industrial and radioactive pollution that are harmful to the public health.”

108. Pembroke College - University Of Oxford political Cleavages and Postcommunist Politics , Annual Review of political Research aimed at investigating the stances of political parties in http://www.pmb.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/profiles.cgi?profileid=126&type=allstaff

109. Chile: Political Parties / Partidos Políticos Chile Information regarding political parties. Partidos Políticos politicalParties, political Database of the Americas (HOME) http://www.georgetown.edu/pdba/Parties/Resumen/Chile/desc.html

/Republic of Chile Partidos Políticos Political Parties / Last Update: March 23, 2005. Partido Comunista de Chile (PCCh) Fundado / Founded: 1912 Presidente / President: Guillermo Teillier / E-mail: www@pcchile.cl Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC) Fundado / Founded : 1957 Presidente / President: Adolfo Zaldívar Larraín / E-mail: info@pdc.cl Partido Humanista (PH) Fundado / Founded: 1987 Presidente / President: / E-mail: webmaster@partidohumanista.cl Partido Liberal Fundado / Founded: Presidente / President: José Ducci Claro / E-mail: info@partidoliberal.cl Partido Por la Democracia Founded / Fundado:1988 Presidente / E-mail: info@ppd.cl Partido Radical Social Demócrata Fundado / Founded: 1863 Presidente Renovación Nacional (RN) Fundado / Founded: 1987 Presidente / President: Sergio Diez Partido Socialista de Chile (PS) Fundado / Founded: 1933 Presidente / E-mail: pschile@terra.cl Unión Demócrata Independiente Fundado / Founded: 1989 Presidente / President: Jovino Novoa / E-mail: udi@udi.cl Fuente / Source: Sitios web de los respectivos partidos / Websites of each respective political party.

110. Political Parties (from Germany) --  Encyclopædia Britannica Fringe political parties, such as The Republicans (Die Republikaner) and the Even before they had succeeded in chasing the Communists out of their http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-58049

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Land Relief The Central German Uplands Southern Germany The barrier arc The northern fringe of the Central German Uplands ... Religion Settlement patterns Rural settlement Urban settlement Demographic trends Migration Population structure Population distribution Economy Modern economic history: from partition to reunification The West German system The East German system Economic unification and beyond Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Agriculture Forestry Fishing Resources and power ... Manufacturing Finance The central banking system The private banking sector Public and cooperative institutions Trade ... Telecommunications Government and society Constitutional framework Regional and local government Justice Political process The electorate changeTocNode('toc58047','img58047'); Political parties The Christian Democratic parties The Social Democrats The Free Democrats ... Housing Education Preschool, elementary, and secondary

111. Elections In The Czech Republic political parties (including links) A short history. Executive SourceCentral Electoral Commission. Main political parties http://www.electionworld.org/czech.htm

Electionworld.org / Elections around the world Czech Republic Czech ) is a country in Central Europe. The capital is Praha (Prague). The dominant religion is christianity (roman catholicism and protestantism), though many people are non-religious. The official language is Czech. The Czech Republic has a population of around 10,3 million on 77,276 km². The country is a parliamentary democratic republic, divided in 13 regions. Freedom House rated the country on political rights with a 1 and on civil rights with a 2, both on a scale of 1 to 7 (in which 1 is the most free). Freedom House considers the Czech Republic to be a free country. More info CIA World Fact Book Wikipedia World Statesmen Rulers ... Political resources Official name: (Czech Republic) Political parties (including links) A short history Executive President : Vaclav Klaus (2003) ODS Chairman of the Government Parliament The (Parliament of the Czech Republic) has two chambers. The Poslanecká Snìmovna (Chamber of Representatives) has 200 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation with a 5 % barrier. The Senát (Senat) has 81 members, elected elected for a six-year term in single-seat constituencies, in which one-third is renewed every two years.

112. The Battle For The Future Will Be Fought From Here Forward! The Bush regime spies on political and religious groups. Revolutionary CommunistParty, USA. Websites http//rwor.org and http//bobavakian.net http://rwor.org/future/web.htm

printable pdf version THE BATTLE FOR THE FUTURE WILL BE FOUGHT FROM HERE FORWARD! YOU THINK YOU KNOW................BUT YOU HAVE NO IDEA..............JUST WHAT BUSH HAS IN STORE FOR.....YOU.....US.....THE WORLD.....OUR FUTURE! Fascists Staring at Christian Fascism People say, "they couldn’t, no they just wouldn’t" strip away "classic" U.S. democracy and plunge us into fascism. But let’s see what they’ve done... and what they plan to do. Bush believes that he is on a "mission from God," and so do his cronies. Army General William Boykin recently declared that the Iraqi people were the "face of Satan," that the Christian God was the only true and "real" god, and that "God himself" put Bush in the White House. He said all this publicly and in uniform, no less—and after people protested it, Boykin was promoted! Over the years these Christian Fascists have dug in at every level of the courts, the army and Congress. BUT NOW THEY PLAN TO GO FURTHER, moving more thoroughly into the highest levels of power. Supreme Court Justice Scalia and other highly placed Republicans want to wipe out the separation of church and state, and use government to support and enforce religious belief. Bush has launched a worldwide "crusade."

113. Australian Political Quiz Also, the policies of Australian political parties have been compared with the See where Australia’s political parties stand. What about Communism? http://www.gravett.org/yobbo/quiz/quiz.htm

Australian Political Quiz Welcome to the Australian political quiz - 10 questions that will help you determine your political philosophy and where you stand compared with Australian political parties. Your political philosophy will be determined using a 2 dimensional grid. One dimension will assess your economic views, ranging from a belief in free markets and capitalism to command economies and socialism. The second dimension will assess your social views, ranging from a belief in conservative nationalistic values to belief in greater civil liberties and social freedoms. Your views will then be plotted on the below grid: What about communism? And conservativism? Five broad political philosophies have been identified, including: Social democracy . A belief in a mixed economy and some level of personal freedom. This describes the current political environment in Australia and most of the developed world. Liberal democracy . A belief in a free-market economy and in personal freedom. Democratic Socialism . A belief in a command economy and personal freedom. Free-market conservative . A belief in a free-market economy and conservative social values. National Socialism . A belief in a command economy and conservative social values. The quiz includes 5 economic questions and 5 social questions. Each question has five possible answers. Based on your answers, you will be placed somewhere in the above grid. Also, the policies of Australian political parties have been compared with the questions to determine where they stand on the grid.

114. BRAMA - Parties Registered For The March 1998 Election In Ukraine-Analysis The KuchmaLazarenko feud stands out against a rather blurred political Almost all parties and blocs are tiny, and probably only the Communists, Rukh, http://www.brama.com/ua-gov/pol-anal.html

BRAMA - Parties Registered for the March 1998 Election in Ukraine-General Analysis ADVERTISEMENT Meest-America BRAMA Homepage BRAMA - Government of Ukraine GENERAL GOVERNMENT INFO Brief Description Gov't Officials, Ministers, State Chairmen Contact Info for Gov't Armed Forces ... Constitution of Ukraine POLITICS Political Parties in Ukraine-Detail Political Parties in Ukraine-Ideology Political Parties in Ukraine-Affiliation Political Parties in Ukraine-Analysis ... Crimean Political Organizations ELECTION RESULTS Presidential Election Results - 1994 Parliamentary Election Results - 1994-Detailed Parliamentary Election Results - 1994-By Alliances/Parties DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION Consulate General-New York Trade Mission-New York Embassies, Consulates, Missions of Ukraine Foreign Embassies in Ukraine The following information was obtained from various sources deemed reliable including Holos Ukrainy, RFE/RL, UN and IMF publications, Den, however, responsiblities for errors are our own. Please report any errors of commission and omission to BRAMA Political Landscape The Kuchma-Lazarenko feud stands out against a rather blurred political landscape of 30mainly tinyparties and blocs competing in the 29 March Supreme Soviet election. This year half of the 450 deputies will be elected on party lists, rather than as individual candidates running in districtsthus copying the Russian State Duma system. Last time all Ukrainian deputies were elected in territorial districts, resulting in prominent local figures usually with no party ties winning seats and parties playing a weak role. Even though 200,000 signatures were required to register for the election this time, 30 parties and blocs qualified, and their party lists were published in the Supreme Soviet paper Holos Ukrainy during December and January. Few of the parties will actually make it into the Supreme Soviet since they must win at least 4 percent of the vote to be awarded any of the party list seats (

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