41. Structure And Development Of Political Parties — Virtual Finland The radical left fled to Russia and founded the Finnish communist party and the associated history of the communist party on the Finnish political scene http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25784

42. National Political Index: Contacting National Political Parties CONTACTING NATIONAL political PARTIES. Directory of political Parties political Parties communist. communist party of Canada communist party USA http://www.politicalindex.com/sect8.htm

National Political Index Featuring... 8. Contacting National Political Parties (123) CONTACTING NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES Directory of Political Parties Political Parties Around the World DEMOCRATIC Democratic National Committee Electronic Headquarters (Official) Democrat's Source Page Democratech Party, Electronic Direct Democracy Democratic Leadership Council ... U.S. House of Representatives Democratic Leadership DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISTS Committees of Correspondence For a Democratic and Socialist Future House Progressive Caucus (Unofficial) Social Democrats, USA REPUBLICAN Cyber-Republicans GOP In-Fighting Updates GOP Online Republican Central Committee (parody) ... The Right Side of the Web CONSERVATIVE American Conservative Party Conservative Generation X John Birch Society John Birch Society (Unofficial) Page SOCIALIST International Socialist Organization Socialist Party USA SOLIDARITY Young People's Socialist League ... Young Socialists COMMUNIST Communist Party of Canada Communist Party U.S.A. LIBERALISM Liberal Information Page Liberalism Around the World Liberalism FAQ LIBERTARIAN Critiques Of Libertarianism University of Arizona Libertarian Students FAQs - Libertarian FAQs - Libertarian Organizations ... World Wide Libertarian Pages GREEN PARTY Green Parties of North America Green Parties of North America Greens - International MILITIA/PATRIOT PARTY Militia Watch Militia/Patroit Movement Patriot Party Internet Home Page Patriot's WWW ... The Patriot Archives NATURAL LAW PARTY Natural Law Party of the United States Natural Law Party of the USA The Natural Law Party US TAXPAYERS PARTY

43. [ The New Iraq ] Kurdistan communist party. Declared itself a party in 1993 after separating Describes itself as an Islamic reformative political party that strives to http://www.rferl.org/specials/IraqCrisis/specials-politicalgroups.asp

[RADIO FREE EUROPE/RADIO LIBERTY] _Map of Iraq _Map of Baghdad _Biographies and Lists ... _iraqhurr.org (Radio Free Iraq) IRAQI POLITICAL GROUPS, Part 1 Compiled by Kathleen Ridolfo Constitutional Monarchy Movement. Headed by Sharif Ali bin al-Husayn, cousin of the deposed Iraqi king, Faysal II, who was killed in the 1958 coup in Iraq. The group's website claims: "Constitutional monarchy is the one thing that could rescue Iraq from the factional conflicts between the various groups over the question of the position of the head of the state, because the Monarch would not favor one group to the detriment of another, but rather would represent all the people." The group supports an elected national assembly, and claims that it can maintain a balance in Iraq because "Monarchy needs not to be affected by the political ideologies of the competing parties because its main role is an arbitrator between all and guarantor of the constitution." The CMM was one of seven opposition groups to receive financial support from the United States prior to Operation Iraqi Freedom. However, the group was not afforded a seat on the interim Governing Council, much to the chagrin of al-Husayn (http://www.iraqcmm.org/). Islamic Da'wah (Call) Party.

44. [ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ] political Parties*. Election Blocs The People s Movement of Kyrgyzstan Bakiev s deputies are Asaba leader Azimbek Beknazarov, communist party of http://www.rferl.org/specials/kyrgyzelections/parties.asp

Top News I RFE/RL Newsline I Features I Reports I Specials I RFE/RL Experts Subscribe I Listen I RFE/RL Languages I About RFE/RL I Search I Site Map I Homepage News by Country Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bashkortostan (Russia) Belarus Bosnia-Herzegovina Georgia Iran Iraq Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Macedonia Moldova North Caucasus (Russia) Romania Russia Serbia and Montenegro Tajikistan Tatarstan (Russia) Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan News by Language Afghan [Dari] Afghan [Pashto] Afghan [English] Albanian Arabic [Radio Free Iraq] Armenian Armenian [English] Azerbaijani Belarusian Estonian Georgian Kazakh Kyrgyz Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Romanian Persian Persian [English] Russian Slovak South Slavic [Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian] Tajik Tatar-Bashkir Ukrainian Uzbek index kyrgyzstan basics kyrgyz officials political parties ... biographies timeline Dates related to elections, officials and policy Choose a year english links RFE/RL Kyrgyz Service Articles on Kyrgyzstan RFE/RL Newsline RFE/RL Central Asia Report ... Map of Kyrgyzstan Political Parties* Election Blocs: The People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan election bloc was formed on 22 September 2004 from nine parties and movements the Party of Communists, the Communist Party, the Republican Party, Asaba, the Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan, Kairan El, New Kyrgyzstan, Erkin Kyrgyzstan, and Erkindik. Former Prime Minister Kurmanbek Bakiev was elected the movement's chairman at the bloc's 5 November founding congress. Bakiev's deputies are Asaba leader Azimbek Beknazarov, Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan leader Nikolai Baiko, and former Education Minister Ishengul Boljurova.

45. POLITICAL PARTIES - COMMUNIST PARTY - 1966 Encyclopaedia Of New Zealand Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand is a comprehensive guide to the country’speoples, natural environment, history, culture, economy, institutions and http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/P/PoliticalParties/CommunistParty/en

POLITICAL PARTIES COMMUNIST PARTY From as early as 1871 when James McPherson was corresponding with the International Working Men's Association, Marxist ideas have been known in New Zealand. The first Marxian organisation was the Petone Marxian Club whose first meeting was held on Trafalgar Day, 21 October 1912. Amongst its aims was a resolution to meet every Monday at 8 p.m. until the day of the Revolution. The New Zealand Marxian Association was founded in 1919. From this and other Marxian clubs, the New Zealand Communist Party was formed in 1921 by those who wished to participate actively in the leadership of the workers. The first secretary was E. J. Dyer, and other early members were A. Galbraith, S. Scott, A. McLagan, and F. P. Walsh. The party issued a manifesto based on the 1903 Bolshevik one, which emphasised the socialist revolution, the overthrow of the power of the capitalists, and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. From the first, the party endeavoured to become affiliated with the Labour Party but was rejected because it would not agree to the Labour Party's constitution. Party members became increasingly active in the trade unions, and during the Second World War many important unions had Communist leaders. From the conclusion of the war, however, the party lost ground in the unions. While the party was powerful in the trade unions and the Labour Government was passing socialist legislation, the Communists did not contest parliamentary elections but exhorted party members to support the Government. The Labour Party did not proceed along the road to complete socialism as far or as fast as the Communists wished, and as the Communist Party was losing ground in the unions, its members began to contest parliamentary elections. The party candidates have never been close to winning a seat but their numbers have steadily grown from three candidates in the 1946 elections to 23 at the 1963 elections where 5,167 votes were cast for them, being 0·26 per cent of the total votes cast.

46. Party Of The Workers Communist Political Pci France Parties party Of The Workers communist political Pci France Parties Economy. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Party:of:the:Workers.html

var GLB_RIS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_RIR='/cincshared/external';var GLB_MMS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_MIR='/site/image';GLB_MML='/'; document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); A1('s',':','html'); Non User A B C ... Home The Party of the Workers Parti des Travailleurs or PT ), is a French political party which was formed by the Trotskyist Internationalist Communist Party ( PCI ) led by Pierre Boussel better known by his pseudonym Pierre Lambert (it was customary for senior leaders of the party to be known under pseudonyms; the internal workings of the PT have traditionally been shrouded in secrecy). Within the PT the former PCI is now known as the Internationalist Communist Current. In reality despite including communist socialist and anarcho-syndicalist tendencies the PT is little more than a front for the Trotskyite PCI Its national secretary is Daniel Gluckstein (pseudonym: Seldjouk), who got less than 0.5% in the 2002 French presidential election The PT edits a magazine, "Workers' Information" (

47. Communist Party Of Finland Skp Political War Communists Left communist party Of Finland Skp political War communists Left Economy. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Communist:Party:of:Finland.html

var GLB_RIS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_RIR='/cincshared/external';var GLB_MMS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_MIR='/site/image';GLB_MML='/'; document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); A1('s',':','html'); Non User A B C ... Home Communist Party of Finland (Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, abbreviated SKP) is a political party endorsing communism in Finland 1 Early stages In the "Reds" lost the Finnish Civil War . The Social Democratic Party of Finland had supported the losing side, and several of its leaders were refugees in the Soviet Union . Some of these refugees founded the Communist Party of Finland in Moscow . Initially the communists were considered traitors by a vast majority of Finns. SKP was suppressed in and again in . After the Continuation War SKP dominated the Finnish People's Democratic League , which was founded in as an umbrella organization of the political left wing. 2 Cold War The era of the Cold War was the "golden age" of Communists in Finland. Between and the support of SKP was in the range 15%-20%. Communists participated in several cabinets, but Finland had never a communist

48. Communist Party Of Britain - For Peace And Socialism The communist party of Britain s political committee is calling for the maximumturnout for the Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh on July 2 and for http://www.communist-party.org.uk/

Home About us Theory Our history ... Web links Daily at TUC Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Communist Party International Bulletin Download pdf Donate to the National appeal British trade unionists explain why opposition to the proposed European Constitution is essential Download pdf MORNING STAR Daily paper of the left. ... newsagent. Communist Review Theory and Discussion Journal of the Communist Party For subscriptions and individual orders click here Summer 2005 issue OUT NOW! Stop the War - The story of Britain's biggest mass movement By Andrew Murray and Lindsey German Special offer £12.99 Latest news... March for Peace and Liberty 18 September 2005 “The people of Britain can see the connections between the governments disastrous policies in Iraq and terrorist bombings in London, even if Tony Blair pretends not to”, Kevin Halpin told the Communist Party of Britain’s executive at the weekend. Mr Halpin called for a massive turnout for the Stop the War Coalition’s march for peace and liberty on Saturday, September 24, declaring that the governments proposed anti-terrorism and asylum laws posed a dire threat to democratic freedoms in Britain. full story...

49. Communist Party Of Britain's Response To The Electoral Commission On The Funding The communist party judges the funding of political parties on the basis of This website is copyright communist party of Britain All rights reserved http://www.communist-party.org.uk/articles/2003/october/24-10-03.shtml

Friday, October 24, 2003 Communist Party of Britain's response to the Electoral Commission on the Funding of Political Parties The Communist Party judges the funding of political parties on the basis of whether it enhances or impedes the ability of ordinary working people to participate in decision making which affects their lives. The question cannot be taken out of context from the existing political and social system, in which wealth buys influence both with political parties, and with the mass media. Q1. What are the benefits and disadvantages of the current financing arrangements? We understand the question to refer both (a) to the finance which parties raise by their own efforts and (b) to the state funding of political parties. The ability of wealthy individuals and companies to donate large sums of money to political parties is a major disadvantage of the current system, as such financing inevitably buys influence (on pain of not donating in future or of donating to political opponents). In practice, since both the Labour and Conservative Parties receive such donations, the interests of wealthy people and businesses are reflected in the policies of both parties, so a change in government makes little difference to the mass of the electorate. It is profoundly wrong to categorise the donations and subscriptions by trades unions to the Labour Party in the same terms as business donations. The trades unions founded the Labour Party, are required by law to maintain separate political funds (unlike businesses) and in many cases are affiliated to the Labour Party. Affiliation gives membership status to the individual members of those unions, and the political funds are under democratic control. In return for affiliation, the trades unions" members get representation within the democratic structures of the Labour Party, and the opportunity in principle to influence policies through those structures. The federal structure of the Labour Party is therefore one benefit of the present system which can enhance the participation of ordinary working people in politics.

50. Chrenkoff The Iraqi communist party Iraq s oldest political party, founded in 1934,persecuted under Saddam. Its traditional base support is among more secular, http://chrenkoff.blogspot.com/2005/01/whos-who-of-iraqi-political-parties.html

@import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/1.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content. What does this mean? BlogThis! Chrenkoff "Chrenkin' off" on the Right side of life since 1972 - - - The news and views from Down Under on politics, international affairs and culture Monday, January 24, 2005 Who's who of Iraqi political parties and lists Politics can be confusing at best of times (political junkies exempted), even more so in a foreign country whose political culture is very different to ours; not to mention all the unfamiliar names. To complicate the matters, many new democracies experience explosion of parties as political energies of people are liberated and can finally find legal outlet. In time, survival of the fittest narrows down the field, but during the transitional phase we have to deal with multitude of what the Poles jokingly used to refer to as "sofa parties" (because their membership could all sit together on one sofa). On Sunday, January 30, Iraq goes to the polls - a number of sites and blogs is keeping an eye on election developments:

51. Left-Wing Communism Subject Archive of Council Communism and a critic of the centrality of the political partypromoted by The role of the communist party in the proletarian revolution http://www.marxists.org/subject/left-wing/

MIA Subjects : Left-Wing Communism: Left-Wing, Anti-Bolshevik and Council Communism The Left Communists were those Marxists who supported the 1917 Russian Revolution, but differed with Lenin and Trotsky over a number of issues including the formation of the Soviet government in the U.S.S.R., the tactics of the Comintern in Europe and America, the role to be given to autonomous and spontaneous organisations of the working class as opposed to the working class political parties, participation in Parliament, the relationship with the trade unions and the trade union leadership. Willie Gallacher ; Amadeo Bordiga, Sylvia and Adela Pankhurst represent other ultra-left currents. Not all of these remained Left-wing Communists throughout their life. Letter to Comrade Lenin Herman Gorter Works Biography Dutch Poet on left of Dutch Social Democracy before World War One, attended the Third Congress of Comintern in 1922 to argue the position of the Left Communists, but was expelled from the Comintern. See The Politics of Gorter by Anton Pannekoek. David Wijnkoop Biography Founding leader of the Dutch Communist Party; expelled for Leftism, but later rejoined the Comintern under Stalin.

52. COMMUNIST PARTY USA Documents (1930-1945) Minutes of the Convention of the communist party, New York, May 20, 1944. Immediately prior to the convention founding the communist political http://www.marxists.org/subject/usa/deam/cpusadocuments.html

"Manifesto and Program of the American League Against War and Fascism.: Adopted at the First U.S. Congress Against War, New York City, Sept. 29-Oct. 1, 1933." Founding declaration fo the Communist Party's 1930s mass organization dedicated to anti-militarism and defense of the USSR. In the face of increasing war danger and the development of fascism abroad and fascist tendencies at home, the American League Against War and Fascism advocated "mass resistance" uniting workers, impoverished farmers, oppressed blacks, women, and youth in a "nationwide agitation and organization against war preparations and war." The group pledged to "support the peace policies of the Soviet Union for total and universal disarmament" and to oppose the machinations of imperialism abroad as well as "developments leading to Fascism" at home. "C.P. Proposes Joint Actions on Daily Issues: Statement of the Central Committe, CPUSA to the National Executive Committee, Socialist Party, June 19, 1934." In the aftermath of HItler's attainment of power in Germany and in mortal fear of the perceived "fascist" tendencies of the new Roosevelt administration, the Communist Party made an appeal for a "United Front of Action" with the Socialist Party, delivered as a letter to the SP's 1934 National Convention in Detroit. This commuique was not answered, motivating the CP to make the concrete pitch more publicly publishing the text in the June 26 edition of the

53. Algerian Communist Party (Political Party, Algeria) Algerian communist party (political party, Algeria). Parti communiste algŽrien (PCA).Last modified 200209-07 by ivan sache http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/dz}pca.html

54. P parti communist algžrien algerian communist party (political party, algeria) ;parti de l’unité et du progrès national du burundi political flags of http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/keywordp.html

55. Party Politics -- Sign In Page Lewis, Paul G. (2000) political Parties in Postcommunist Eastern Europe. LondonRoutledge . Mair, Peter (1996) What is Different about Post-communist http://ppq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/10/2/151

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription to Party Politics Online. Inter-Party Mobility among Parliamentary Candidates in Post-Communist East... Shabad and Slomczynski Party Politics. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) References ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$15.00 Pay for Admission - You may access all content in Party Politics Online (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US$75.00. Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article or Pay for Admission purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

56. Political Parties In The Republic Of Macedonia it was the communist party in Macedonia that appeared as a political subject to At this period, the 10 Congress of the communist party (SKM), http://www.b-info.com/places/Macedonia/republic/partiesSDSM.shtml

Links News Places Studies ... Political Parties Alliance of Democratic Forces in Macedonia SDSM At the times of defeat of the communism as a world process, a period when the majority of political and economic structures started falling apart in former communist countries, it was the Communist Party in Macedonia that appeared as a political subject to completely reveal those processes. This was accompanied by parallel establishing of conditions for a real political competition and a start of political democracy in Macedonia, somewhat different than previous political struggles. For Macedonia, it was also a period when "for Slobodan Milosevic and his gang, exactly the "Gosevism" was the only and biggest obstacle in carrying out his plans with this country" (statement by Branko Crvenkovski, at the Second SDSM Congress, held in Skopje, 27 June, 1992). Simply, for the historians, as early as today, it was the first organised political structure to bring back Macedonia's political subjectivity. VMRO-DPMNE . It was exactly this party, in this period when other "goods" were obviously popular, dared promote in Macedonia the idea of Social-Democracy, not corresponding at all with the model of replacing the previous "working class" matrix with a "nationality" one. They preached social- democracy, civil concept of society, and a different approach to dealing with minority and human rights issues. This party went for "contemporary principles of social-democracy, based on economic and social efficiency and ethnic principles of European humanism, social justice and human dignity..., as opposed to any form of totalitarian government and monopolism, depriving citizens of their democratic basic rights...the aim being to transform Macedonia into a democratic and developed country...this party will resolutely fight for a free and just society of democratic socialism" (from the SDSM Program Declaration).

57. AsiaSource: AsiaLINKS - A Resource Of The Asia Society The official website of the communist party of India (Marxist) includes This section discusses aspects of South Korean political parties and leaders. http://www.asiasource.org/links/al_mp_03.cfm?TID=80,521

58. CHNN, No 10, Spring 2001: Thesis Report Jews in the communist party of Great Britain 19201948 Ethnic It is onlythrough an analysis of how the political party develops its policies and http://les1.man.ac.uk/chnn/CHNN10JCP.html

Index Contents: This Issue Search CHNN CHNN Home Jews in the Communist Party of Great Britain 1920-1948: Ethnic Susceptibility, Generational Divergence and Party Strategy This PhD thesis was accepted at the University of Sheffield in January 2001. Jews have been disproportionately represented in socialist and communist parties throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In Britain, approximately 7-10 per cent of Communist Party activists in the early 1950s were Jews even though they formed less than one per cent of the national population. My thesis, 'Jews in the Communist Party of Great Britain 1920-1948: Ethnic Susceptibility, Generational Divergence and Party Strategy', sought to explain the Jewish-communist relationship and explored in general the relationship between ethnic and political identity within modern European political history. The basis of my research was the development of a model of interaction, which was used to explain what has been termed by Professor Jaff Schatz 'The Riddle of Jewish Radicalism': why were so many communists Jews. but also why were so few Jews ever communist? The proposed model identified the factors of ethnic susceptibility and generational divergence within the British Jewish community which led to communist sympathies. However, the critical aspect in determining why Jews did or did not join the CP was the interaction between these factors and those of the Communist Party's own strategies of recruitment. My research demonstrates that the Jewish communist phenomenon must be understood within the political structures and historical context of the Communist Party. This emphasis is not to diminish the importance of Jewish identity but rather to view it through the prism of a political organisation. It is only through an analysis of how the political party develops its policies and strategies and how it responds to external and internal pressures that the complex subject of ethno-politics can be properly addressed.

59. Chinese Communist Party --  Encyclopædia Britannica Chinese communist party political party and revolutionary movement that wasfounded in 1921 by revolutionaries such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu who came out http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024153

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Chinese Communist Party Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Page 1 of 1 , also called Communist Party Of China (CPC) , Pinyin Zhongguo Gongchan Dang , Wade-Giles Chung-kuo Kung-ch'an Tang political party and revolutionary movement that was founded in 1921 by revolutionaries such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu who came out of the May Fourth Movement and who turned to Marxism after the victory of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917) in Russia. In the turmoil of 1920s China, CCP members such as Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party...

60. Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | Religion And Politics Resurface As The Ne We are the oldest political party in Iraq, he added. We had two ministers inthe Ba athist Even Mr Faris of the communist party took a relaxed view. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,940968,00.html

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