81. Christopher Columbus One cannot begin to understand christopher columbus without understanding theworld into christopher columbus unintentionally discovered the new world. http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/columbus.html

(Reprint permission granted by Encarta Encyclopedia, 2000) Christopher Columbus by Thomas C. Tirado, Ph.D. Professor History Millersville University Background to the Age of Discovery: One cannot begin to understand Christopher Columbus without understanding the world into which he was born. The 15 th century was a dynamic century, a century of change. There were many historical events throughout Western Europe that impacted society profoundly. Directly affecting the future explorer much closer to home, however, were three momentous events in and around the Mediterranean: 1) the Conquest of Ceuta in North Africa by the Portuguese in 1415 2) the Fall of Constantinople to the Muslim Turks in 1453, and 3) the defeat of Muslim Granada by the Christian Spaniards in 1492. All three events were driven by the centuries-long conflict between the Christians and the Muslims. Ceuta: High on the pantheon of names of important figures of the Age of Discovery is Henry the Navigator's. He is considered by many historians to have provided not only the inspiration for the Age but much of the practical knowledge accumulated over decades of trial and error in developing ocean-going ships, sails, and navigational aids, some even borrowed from the Arabs. The Caravel, which came to be identified with this period of exploration, was a product of his assiduous search for a better ocean-going vessel. Henry contributed significantly to the psychology of discovery and helped to whet the appetite of those who were daring enough to venture out in search of riches.

82. Today In History: October 12 1492, and a new era of European exploration and expansion began. The next day,the 90 crew members of christopher columbus s threeship fleet ventured http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct12.html

@import url(../css/am15_global_ss.css); @import url(ss/tih1_ss.css); Search all collections Today in History The Library of Congress American Memory Home Today in History: October 12 sources archives yesterday Columbus Day Promontory of Florida in the exhibition 1492: An Ongoing Voyage A sailor on board the Pinta sighted land early in the morning of October 12 ten weeks earlier in Palos, Spain. Christopher Columbus photograph of a painting, Touring Turn-of-the-Century America, 1880-1920 As a reward for his valuable discovery, the Spanish crown granted Columbus the right to bear arms . His new Coat of Arms added the royal charges of Castile and Leon and an image of islands to his traditional family arms. Columbus further modified the design to include a continent beside the pictured islands. Before his final voyage, the Spanish monarchs prepared a Book of Privileges, a collection of agreements showing how Columbus was remunerated for his explorations. In 1502, four copies of the book were known to exist. The Library of Congress's precious copy of this work is considered one of the " Top Treasures " included in the online exhibition American Treasures of the Library of Congress Columbus's Coat of Arms in the exhibition 1492: An Ongoing Voyage The first recorded celebration of Columbus Day in the United States took place on October 12, 1792. Organized by The Society of St. Tammany, also known as the Columbian Order, it commemorated the 300th anniversary of Columbus's landing.

83. Land Ho! Explorers And The Age Of Discovery columbus did not sail to find a new world. He was simply looking for a faster christopher columbus on the Green Sea of Darkness by Gardner Soule tells http://www.kidspoint.org/columns2.asp?column_id=355&column_type=homework

84. Cuba Heritage .com - Columbus, Christopher , 1451-1506 columbus was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a woolworker and. a termthat was ultimately applied to all indigenous peoples of the new world. http://www.cubaheritage.com/subs.asp?sID=48&cID=3

85. VOA Special English - THE MAKING OF A NATION #3 - Europeans Arrive christopher columbus made another trip in FourteenNinety-Eight, with six ships . Spanish explorers sought to find gold and power in the new world. http://www.manythings.org/voa/03/030313mn_t.htm

THE MAKING OF A NATION #3 - March 13, 2003: Europeans Arrive By Nancy Steinbach (THEME) VOICE ONE: This is Rich Kleinfeldt. VOICE TWO: And this is Sarah Long with the MAKING OF A NATION, A VOA Special English program about the history of the United States. Today, we tell about how and why European explorers arrived in North America. (THEME) VOICE ONE: The first Europeans arrived about two-thousand years ago in the area now called North America. A Norse explorer, Leif Erickson, sailed his boat from Greenland around the northeastern coast of the continent. He returned home to Greenland to tell others about the new country. He called it "Vinland." A few settlements were created following his explorations. Experts digging in eastern Canada thirty years ago found a village of houses just like those found in Greenland, Iceland and Norway. But the Norsemen did not develop any permanent settlements in North America. VOICE TWO: About Ten-Hundred, Europe was beginning a period of great change. One reason was the religious wars known as the crusades. These wars were efforts by Europeans who were mainly Roman Catholic Christians. They wanted to force Muslims out of what is now the Middle East. The crusades began at the end of the Eleventh Century. They continued for about two-hundred years. The presence of European armies in the Middle East increased trade which was controlled by businessmen in Venice and other Italian city-states. The businessmen were earning large profits by transporting and supplying the warring armies.

86. Navis.gr - Columbus, Christopher Ironically, columbus had landed in the new world by accident. A new colonywas started. columbus explored the coasts of Jamaica, Cuba, and Hispaniola. http://www.navis.gr/men/columbus.htm

COLUMBUS, Christopher (1451-1506) Ironically, Columbus had landed in the New World by accident. He was seeking a western sea route from Europe to Asia. When he sighted land , he believed that he had reached his goal. And to the day he died he still believed that he had reached Asia. Although Columbus was mistaken, he still ranks as a great discoverer. Few other navigators of his time would have dared to sail westward into the unknown. Early Life of Columbus The father of Columbus was Domenico Colombo, a wool weaver. He had his own business in the port city of Genoa, Italy. There Cristoforo was born in the late summer or early autumn of 1451. (English-speaking peoples have since changed the Italian form of his name to Christopher Columbus.) The boy had little or no schooling. He and his younger brother Bartholomew helped their father by carding raw wool. Christopher grew up to be a tall, strongly built young man with red hair and a ruddy complexion. He was quiet and deeply religious; and he was quick to learn from experience. He worked for his father until he was 22. He probably went out with the sardine fishing fleets, as other Genoese boys did, and he may have sailed along the coast or over to Corsica on business for his father. Genoese traders often owned their own coastal schooners, and Columbus' father may have had one of these. He made at least one trip to the North African coast. On these longer voyages he learned the elements of seamanship.

87. Gunston Middle School Library Explorers Of The New World Explorers French Explorers christopher columbus Viking Explorers Who were the explorers of the new world? What motivated them to come to this http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/gunston/library/students/links/explorers/

88. WWW-VL: History: United States History Index: Discovery And Exploration Mercator s world. The Magazine of Maps, exploration and Discovery The Caribbean Delno West, christopher columbus and His Enterprise to the Indies http://vlib.iue.it/history/USA/ERAS/discovery.html

Click here for WWW-VL: History: United States History Index WWW-VL: W3 Internet Search Engines Research Tools Geography Maps of the New World European Competition in Exploration 1530-1675 The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542 Inland Exploration 1675-1800 ... Traveling. A Selection of Travel Literature, Maps, and Atlases [U. of Illinois] Navigation in the Age of Discovery Origins of the Compass Rose Symbology Latitude: The Art and Science of Fifteenth-Century Navigation Dead Reckoning Navigation Celestial Navigation ... Distance: How Long was a league? Bibliography and Web Gateways Exploration...The Americas , from NM Creative Impulse The Discoverers Web The Discoverers Web: Alphabetical list Hakluyt Society Web Links The Explorers ... Explorers of North America Journals Mercator's World. The Magazine of Maps, Exploration and Discovery Hakluyt Society Biography The Explorers [includes: Balboa, Cabot, Cabral, Cartier. Columbus, Cook, Cortes, da Gama, de Leon, Diaz, Drake, Hudson, Magellan, Polo, Verazzano, Vespucci, Estanavico, de las Casas] Timelines Age of Exploration Explorers Spanish Exploration and Colonization 1492-1542 Spanish Exploration and Colonization 1565-1628 ... Colonial and Revolutionary Periods Timeline: 1000 AD 1783 History The Vikings Nordic Explorers Leif Eriksson Greenland-Vinland Year 1000-2000 Leif Ericsson Vikings in the New World ... The Vikings: They Got Here First, But Why Didn't They Stay?

89. Untitled Document christopher columbus was born in Genoa in 1451. He had discovered a new world.He had sailed to a group of Islands near America. http://www.iol.ie/~jomerps/HomePage/Projects/World_Explorers/Christopher_Columbu

The Great Explorers CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Early Life : Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa in 1451. He was the eldest of five children. His next brother, Bartholomew planned the great voyage with him and became his right-hand man in all his enterprises. His father was a wool-weaver and his mother was the daughter of a wool-weaver. Columbus helped his father but at the age of twenty he decided to become a sailor. Columbus believed that the earth was round. He thought he could reach the Indies by sailing west. Many people did not agree with him. Some still thought that the earth was flat. Others said that the earth and the Atlantic Ocean were too big,that ships would not be able to sail to the Indies and return safely. Nobody in Europe knew that America existed. Columbus did not have ships or money. He asked many rich people for help but all refused. Finally, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain gave him three ships called The pinta The Nina and The Santa Maria. They also gave him money to pay sailors. But many sailors feared the Atlantic Ocean and refused to go with him. Columbus had to give very high wages to get crews for his ships. The ships left Spain on August 3rd 1492. First they sailed south to the Canary Islands. There they loaded the ships with extra food and drink. In September Columbus sailed westwards across the Atlantic. After a while the sailors became frightened because it was the longest time they had ever been out of sight of land. They thought they would all die. After about two nights they saw a white sandy beach ahead. They all went rushing to see if they had reached the Indies.

90. "On-Lion For Kids" | Holidays And Celebrations | Columbus Day 1492 THE YEAR OF THE new world christopher columbus GREAT EXPLORER THE LOG OF christopher columbus FIRST VOYAGE TO AMERICA IN THE YEAR 1492 http://kids.nypl.org/holidays/columbus.cfm

Observed in October Celebrate Columbus Day 1492: THE YEAR OF THE NEW WORLD Ventura, Piero An account of Columbus's voyage links descriptions of life in various countries in fifteenth-century Europe with those of life among various Indians in the New World. J 909.4 V Reserve This Title AMERICANS BEFORE COLUMBUS Baity, Elizabeth (Chesley) A panorama of life on the American continents before ever Columbus opened the way for European exploration and conquest. J 970.01 B Reserve This Title CELEBRATION: THE STORY OF AMERICAN HOLIDAYS Penner, Lucille Recht Presents the origins and history of thirteen holidays, such as Columbus Day, Veterans Day, and Halloween. Also includes songs, maps, speeches, handicraft, and recipes. J 394.26 Reserve This Title CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Krensky, Stephen A simple account of Christopher Columbus' first voyage to America. J B Columbus K Reserve This Title CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS : GREAT EXPLORER David A., Adler Chronicles the life, voyages, and discoveries of the intrepid explorer. J B Columbus A Reserve This Title COLUMBUS D'Aulaire, Ingri

91. Christopher Columbus And if you decide to step back and look at other explorers coming to the new world, THE CONTROVERSY EXAMINING THE REPUTATION OF christopher columbus http://www.hardin.k12.ky.us/res_techn/themes/ChristopherColumbus.htm

Christopher Columbus Gathered by Eleanor Updated 9/24/2000 Carmen Sandiego's Great Chase through Time http://www.carmensandiego.com/products/time/columbusc10/ebmain_c10.html With information provided by Britannica Online, this case (number 10 in a series) specifically focuses on Columbus, Isabella, the voyages and Spanish colonialism in the new world. Lots of great information here excellently done. Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Empire http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/HIST/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.html This excellent discussion of Columbus' impact on the Americas from an imperialist point of view is great stuff for Middle School on up. It offers much perspective on the political role of his discoveries and their connection to Spanish influence in the western hemisphere. Columbus Lesson Plans http://members.aol.com/Donnpages/USHolidays.html#COLUMBUS From Mr. Donn's wonderful history pages, here is an overview and collection of lesson links online that have to do with Columbus Day, as well as a variety of other holidays! Columbus' Navigation http://www1.minn.net/~keithp/

92. Explorers Of The New World Explorers of the new world. shipline3.gif (918 bytes). Leif Ericson columbus sailed back to the new world three more times. Back to Chart http://www.mce.k12tn.net/explorers/explorers2.htm

Explorers of the New World Leif Ericson Around the year 982 Eric the Red sailed to Iceland. He landed on the coast of Greenland. He founded the first colony there. His son named Leif Ericson began exploring the area. He reached the North American mainland around the year 1000 and called it Vinland. Later archaeologists uncovered the remains of his settlement at the extreme northern tip of Newfoundland. In 1965 a map dated from around 1440 was found. This Viking map showed parts of northeastern Canada. Back to Chart Marco Polo Marco Polo and his two uncles visited Cathay, later called China. They lived at the court of the Emperor. When he went back to Italy, Polo wrote a book about this travels in the Far East. After the invention of Gutenburg's Printing Press in the year 1436 this book became one of the first to be published. Men became fascinated by Polo's descriptions of the Orient. Men began searching for sea routes to China, Japan, and the East Indies. Some of these men believed that the sea to the east of China and India was the same sea that was west of Europe. One map maker named Paolo Toscanelli even drew a map showing Europe with the Indies to the west rather than the east. Back to Chart Prince Henry Prince Henry spent his entire fortune funding many voyages of exploration as well as projects in navigation, ship design, astronomy, and mapmaking

93. 1492 Exhibit columbus. The date and the name provoke many questions related to the linking ofvery The Mediterranean world christopher columbus Man and Myth http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/1492.exhibit/Intro.html

Welcome to 1492: AN ONGOING VOYAGE an Exhibit of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC 1492. Columbus. The date and the name provoke many questions related to the linking of very different parts of the world, the Western Hemisphere and the Mediterranean. What was life like in those areas before 1492? What spurred European expansion? How did European, African and American peoples react to each other? What were some of the immediate results of these contacts? 1492: AN ONGOING VOYAGE addresses such questions by examining the rich mixture of societies coexisting in five areas of this hemisphere before European arrival. It then surveys the polyglot Mediterranean world at a dynamic turning point in its development. The exhibition examines the first sustained contacts between American people and European explorers, conquerors and settlers from 1492 to 1600. During this period, in the wake of Columbus's voyages, Africans also arrived in the hemisphere, usually as slaves. All of these encounters, some brutal and traumatic, others more gradual, irreversibly changed the way in which peoples in the Americas led their lives. The dramatic events following 1492 set the stage for numerous cultural interactions in the Americas which are still in progress - a complex and ongoing voyage.

94. Christopher Columbus : National Maritime Museum christopher columbus was born in the Italian seaport of Genoa in 1451, columbus knew that the world was round and realised that by sailing west, http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.137

Low graphics version Site map About us Contact us Search NMM Home Planning a visit What's on News ... Shop You are here: NMM Home Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Repro ID D2194 Christopher Columbus was born in the Italian seaport of Genoa in 1451, to a family of wool weavers. As a child he helped his father at the loom and then as a young lad went to sea. He became an experienced sailor and moved to Lisbon in Portugal to try and gain support for a new journey he was planning. He visited the courts of the kings and queens of Europe asking for help and money. Finally Ferdinand and Isabella, the king and queen of Spain, agreed to support him. What did Columbus want to do? In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Europeans wanted to find sea routes to the East. Columbus wanted to find a new route to the Far East, to India, China, Japan and the Spice Islands. If he could reach these lands, he would be able to bring back rich cargoes of silks and spices. Columbus knew that the world was round and realised that by sailing west, instead of east around the coast of Africa, as other explorers at the time were doing, he would still reach the East and the rich Spice Islands. Why did he want to sail west?

95. Christopher Columbus: Surfing The Net With Kids The best christopher columbus sites for kids, teens and families. Rated andreviewed by United Feature European Voyages of exploration columbus http://www.surfnetkids.com/columbus.htm

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96. Untitled Letters from explorers such as columbus and John Smith give us a first handaccount of what Why would columbus have thought he d landed in a new world? http://www.engl.niu.edu/dderosa/AmericanSurvey/1492/columbusmain.html

Christopher Columbus Biography Informal Student Comments Student Papers Electronic Texts ... WWW Links Biography Informal Student Comments Andy Roberson Well, we pretty much trashed Columbus and his writings on Tuesday, but I will submit this even though that discussion is finished. It is entirely possible that part of what the class contributed to Columbus's self-serving ego may have been innocent. If you heard 50 birds, how many of you would know that No! that was not a nightingale I just heard. Columbus certainly was overwhelmed with a wealth of new sights and sounds and he probably could not describe them all. Instead, his descriptions of the land, honey, and other of his "deceptions" can be viewed more as expressions of the environment Columbus experienced translated into something he, the monarchs, and others could associate with. While I admit that Columbus probably always had his own self-interests in mind, even the obvious resentfulness that we discussed in class is somewhat understandable. Who would not resent being removed of status when a plan you had petitioned for and carried out was benefiting those who were attempting to undermine you?

97. New World Explorers Cavelier De La Salle Cavelier de La Salle_This important explorer was driven by his desire to her colonial policy in the new world in the eighteenth century until finally http://www.archaeolink.com/new_world_explorers_cavelier_de_.htm

Explorer Cavelier de La Salle Home Arctic Explorers General Resources Antarctica Explorers General Resources Africa Explorers Behaim, Martin Cadamosto, Alvise da Dias, Bartolomeu Eannes, Gil ... Speke, John Hanning New World Explorers Albanel, Charles Balboa, Vasco Nunez de Brûlé, Étienne Cabot, John ... Vespucci, Amerigo World Explorers Cook, James Da Gama, Vasco Drake, Sir Francis General Resources ... Zheng He (Cheng Ho) Cavelier de La Salle _This important explorer was driven by his desire to find a route to the Orient. Read his story here. - Illustrated - From the Virtual Museum of New France - http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/lasal_e1.html A La Salle Chronology _Highlights of La Salle's life beginning in 1643 and relevant links. - Text only - From the Texas Historical Commission - http://www.thc.state.tx.us/lasalle/laschrono.html La Salle Claims Louisiana for France (1682) _Learn the who, what, when, where and how of La Salle's voyages of exploration. - Text only - By Paul Chrastina, from Old News - http://www.oldnewspublishing.com/story3.htm

98. Fact Files : Learning : National Maritime Museum The mission will flighttest a variety of new deep space technologies and He was a courtier, politician, soldier, seaman, explorer, businessman, http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/navId/00500300f

Low graphics version Site map About us Contact us Search NMM Home Planning a visit What's on News ... Shop You are here: NMM Home Learning Fact files Go back one level Fact files Over 170 fact files are available via the menu on the left A small selection from each category also appears below. The fact files in the top three categories have been prepared for children by Museum Education Officers on subjects relating to the Museum's collections and the National Curriculum at KS2-3. The astronomy and space fact files have mainly been written for KS4 and post-16 level. FAQs You can also view our archive of Frequently asked questions , covering astronomy, battles, customs and origins, general, people, Royal Navy, ships and vessels and topography. Maritime, sea and ships Ferdinand Magellan: The first to go around the world The Portuguese sailor Ferdinand Magellan was the first navigator to sail around the World. Life at sea in the age of sail Over a period of hundreds of years men working at sea had much to endure. Cut off from normal life on shore for months, even years, they had to accept cramped conditions, disease and poor food and pay. Greenwich, Tudors and Stuarts

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