41. History (non-U.S.) Lecturing/Research West African History, African Cities and Methods for Use of Oral Lecturing/Research TwentiethCentury colombian history; Colombian http://www.cies.org/schlr_directories/usdir00/Hist21.htm

History (non-U.S.) Atkinson, Ronald R. Associate Professor, Department of History, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 Research: Becoming Bagwere: The Development of a Bagwere Identity in Eastern Uganda, ca.1675-1995 Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda September 2000 - April 2001 Bay, Edna G. Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of the Liberal Arts, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Lecturing/Research: Gender in Africa; The Cultures of Post- Emancipation African Immigrants to Nineteenth-Century Jamaica University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica January 2001 - May 2001 Brown, Leon Carl

42. History (non-U.S.) Lecturing and Research The Peace Corps and Contemporary colombian history Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia June 2002 December 2002 http://www.cies.org/schlr_directories/usdir02/Hist23.htm

History (non-U.S.) Bailey, Anne C. Professor, Department of History, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA Research: Oral Histories of the Atlantic Slave Trade University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana January 2003 - October 2003 Barrow, Ian J. Assistant Professor, History Department, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT Research: India: 1799 University of Delhi, Delhi, India December 2002 - April 2003 Beattie, Peter Mark Associate Professor, Department of History, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Lecturing and Research: Comparative Perspectives on Gender, the State, and the Nation in U.S. History

43. ABOUT CB Colombian Studies. This is a survey course for freshmen that introduces students to the main developments in colombian history from Colonial Times http://www.colegiobolivar.edu.co/academics/social_studies.htm

Academics Social Studies General Objectives Preprimary The social studies program is the basis for instruction in K-4 and K-5. Concepts in math, language, science, and the Life Curriculum are built on the various units of the social studies program. The curriculum is constantly revised as are the ways in which student progress is assessed. Parents' input is encouraged and is often made part of the educational process. In preprimary the program allows the children to progress and master objectives as they mature and explore their environment. The teachers closely monitor the students' progress in the given curriculum objectives Primary Starting from the 2nd grade, the minimal requirement for social studies is three 45 min. periods a week. "Sociales" is taught by a specialist, independently from social studies, during 19 periods a year. Social studies encompasses the study of ecology (water, air, soil, and recycling) integrated with science; of basic geography (with emphasis on map skills), of geographical features and of native American cultures. ""Sociales" covers the understanding of the economy, government and laws of Cali, Valle, and colombia, and of pre-Colombian history and native Indian cultures Social studies and "sociales" teachers complement their teaching with readings, field trips, reports, and art projects. Students observation (anecdotal), tests, and quizzes are frequent means of evaluation.

44. ABOUT CB Translate this page colombian history and Geography 9th grade 1. Demostrar conocimiento analítico y comparativo así como actitudes valorativas, por diferentes medios orales y http://www.colegiobolivar.edu.co/academics/social_studies_objectives.htm

Academics Objectives Social Studies 2nd grade 1. Conocer las normas establecidas en una comunidad a través de discusiones grupales y producir sus propias normas para tener una convivencia armónica. 2. Identificar el actual paisaje geográfico del municipio y el ambiente histórico de su fundación 3. Reconocer la importancia de la participación democrática en elecciones del alcalde y el consejo municipal 4. Preparar y presentar una exposición oral acerca de dos lugares de interés de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali. Social Studies 3rd grade 1. Identificar el actual paisaje geográfico del departmento del Valle del Causa y el ambiente histórico. Escribe crónicas de paisajes de la región conocidos por ellos. 2. Reconoce la importancia de la participación democrática en las elecciones de gobernador y los diputados y la responsabilidad que todos tenemos con nuestra región. Participa en la elección de representante al Consejo Estudiantil 3. Preparar y presentar una exposición sobre uno de los municipios del Valle del Cauca. Social Studies 4th grade 1. Identifica y compara aspectos básicos de la geografía física y humana de Colombia, a través de la ubicación espacial y el contraste entre las regiones naturales

45. Bogota, Colombia Your Complete Guide To Bogota If these museums awaken your interest in colombian history, Here visitors learn about colombian history from preColumbian times to the present. http://bogotaco.ags.myareaguide.com/detail.html?cityguide=tours

46. The Supply And Demand For Colombia's Misery -- In These Times Ancient history? Colombia’s leaders have been mining American security obsessions to Set against the backdrop of recent colombian history, she combines http://www.inthesetimes.com/site/main/article/74/

Skip navigation. donate newsletter store ... the itt list Culture > May 9, 2003 By Ana Carrigan In This Article By Robin Kirk More Terrible Than Death And then there is Josue. permalink email to a friend printer friendly subscribe Reader Comments having just come back from colombia(10 days with Witness for Peace), i cannot wait to get this book!! the review talks about the very contradictions i saw in the country_the incredible bravery and strength of the activists, unbearable misery, US involvement and complicity, and colombians almost unbelievable hope in a better future Posted by dema ross on May 11, 2003 at 1:58 PM ss Posted by arun on May 15, 2003 at 6:16 PM Do you think we, Colombians, can get this book asap? fc Posted by Fabio Castillo on May 17, 2003 at 12:52 AM Do you think we, Colombians, can get this book asap? fc Posted by Fabio Castillo on May 17, 2003 at 12:52 AM This was a very helpful article for my job. I write from Colombia, I work in a Peace Foundation and I¥m investigating how the international community understands our conflict, so if it¥s possible it would be very helpful to receive infromation from you. thanks Posted by Camila Martinez on June 20, 2003 at 1:05 PM

47. Colombian History Contemporary articles from periodicals collected by The World History Archives http://www.emulateme.com/history/colomhist.htm

History of Colombian This page has changed if you are not redirected click here

48. Colombia Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Lonely Planet s online guide to Colombia. Colombia Portrait of Unity and Diversity by Harvey F Kline is a wellbalanced overview of colombian history. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_america/colombia/printable.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Colombia Colombia For those who brave her loco side, Colombia has abundant reward. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Santuario de las Lajas This neo-Gothic church was built between 1926 and 1944 on a bridge spanning a spectacular river... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts With dramatically beautiful rainforests, mountains and beaches, lovely cities and enchanting people, Colombia should be a magnet for travellers. Unfortunately, the activites of guerillas and cocaine thugs have pushed 'Locombia' (the mad country) somewhat off-limits. Personal Safety Risks Abduction is common in Colombia, though tourists are not necessarily targeted. Police have a mixed reputation so avoid them unless absolutely necessary. Military activity often limits travel through otherwise safe areas so check ahead before you plan long trips. Remote areas and the entire area east of the Andes (except Leticia and its environs) should be avoided. Drugs, especially cocaine and its derivatives, are a major danger in Colombia for users and carriers. Travel Services Flights Hostels Hotels ... Travel Insurance lonely planet 2005 about us privacy contact us worldguide ... travel links

49. Colombia - The Liberal Tenure A variety of sources covering colombian history are available in both English and William Paul McGreevey deals with economic history in Colombia in An http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-3007.html

Country Listing Colombia Table of Contents Colombia The Liberal Tenure The first president elected in the post-National Front period, López Michelsen (1974-78), faced difficult situations in three areas: the economy, the guerrilla movement, and the drug trade. Subsequent governments inherited these same problems. The influx of foreign exchange from the coffee boom and the illicit drug trade created a glut of money in the financial sector that increased the rate of inflation. To counteract this, López Michelsen immediately instituted a stabilization program that included austere measures, such as cutting back on public investment and social welfare programs and tightening credit and raising the interest rate. By declaring a state of economic emergency, López Michelsen was able to pass unpopular yet necessary economic measures without legislative action. Another key component of López Michelsen's economic policy was designed to improve income distribution. The cornerstone of this effort was the "To Close the Gap" program. This program addressed the rural sector by proposing to increase productivity and employment in the countryside and integrate the rural sector into the monetary market with the support of the Integrated Rural Development program. The "To Close the Gap" plan had its greatest impact, however temporary, in the tax reform of 1974. The tax reform, instituted two months after López Michelsen took office, made changes in the sales tax, export taxes and incentives, import surcharges, the tax treatment of government agencies, and personal and corporate income taxes. The reform had four general goals: to make the tax system more progressive, to reduce the distorting effects of the tax system on resource allocation, to promote economic stability by increasing revenues on a one-time basis and by enhancing the built- in response of the tax system to growth in the national income, and to simplify tax administration and compliance and thereby reduce evasion and increase yields. The government recorded a short-term fiscal improvement; nevertheless, inflation and a failure to improve administrative procedures allowed for continued large-scale tax evasion and an ultimate drop in revenues.

50. MY COLOMBIA PAGE One Of My Favorite Places On The Planet Is The the Colombian people, the Colombian culture, customs, music, food, sports, colombian history, and the beauty of the diverse Colombian landscape. http://faculty.schreiner.edu/mdwoodhull/Pages/Colombia_page_1.htm

Home MY COLOMBIA PAGE One of my favorite places on the planet is the South American country of Colombia. I've spent a considerable portion of my life in Colombia and have come to appreciate the Colombian people, the Colombian culture, customs, music, food, sports, Colombian history, and the beauty of the diverse Colombian landscape. Colombian Demographics Colombian News Colombian Sports Colombian History Colegio Bolivar (Mark Woodhull's alma mater!) Colombian National Anthem

51. Colombia Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resour Colombia has had a long history of civilian rule and control over the armed set the stage for one of the most violent periods in colombian history. http://workmall.com/wfb2001/colombia/colombia_history_introduction.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Colombia Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/colombia/colombia_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Figure 1. Administrative Divisions of Colombia, 1988 IN THE LATE 1980S, Colombia remained a nation of paradoxes. The bearer of one of the strongest democratic traditions in Latin America, it was also subject to recurrent bouts of political violence and terrorism. A highly urbanized and industrialized country, its social structure continued to be influenced by an elite that traced its lineage to an earlier, more agrarian period. Despite a dynamic economy, the country suffered from a skewed distribution of income and delivery of essential services. However, civilian control over the military has not spared Colombia from a long history of violent political conflict. Instead of civilian-military conflict, Colombia has experienced conflict between dominant political parties, the Liberals and Conservatives. Both parties emerged around 1850 during the presidency of General José Hilario López; for the remainder of the century, Liberals and Conservatives clashed frequently over the government of the respective departments, the division of authority between the president and the legislature, and the position in society of the Roman Catholic Church. The López administration drafted a Liberal constitution that granted substantial autonomy to the provinces, reduced the power of the executive, and established a strict separation of church and state. The PL initially consisted of a heterogeneous coalition of

52. PRONUNCIAMIENTOS Unfortunately, colombian history has reflected this dynamic all too frequently. The negotiations with the AUC and other paramilitary groups raise at least http://www.hchr.org.co/publico/pronunciamientos/ponencias/ponencias.php3?cod=58&

53. Encyclopedia: History Encyclopedia sections concerning History. Chinese and Taiwanese History Biographies colombian history Biographies Costa Rican History Biographies http://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/history.html

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54. History Of Colombia Providing History of Colombia information. It was also during this period in colombian history that the two major present day insurgent groups were born http://infotut.com/geography/Colombia/

Geography Music Library Music Message Board Encyclopedia ... Maps of the World Hot Albums XandY Emancipation of Mimi In Your Honor Monkey Business ... Way It Is Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

55. Costa Rica History And Culture Precolombian history Guanacaste s Rich Past by Armando Valverde (translated by Auriana Koutnik). Guanacaste is a region of tropical dry forests, http://www.costaricaoutdoors.com/history-cultura-3.htm

Pre-Colombian History: Guanacaste's Rich Past by Armando Valverde (translated by Auriana Koutnik) Historians are not sure how many people lived in this region prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1502. Estimates range from Bishop Thiel's guess last century of 27,200 total inhabitants, to today's widely accepted theory that roughly 400,000 people populated the area upon the Spaniard's arrival. Their dwellings were oval-shaped, thatched wooden huts inhabited by several related families under one leader. The chief's sisters and their husbands, children and grandchildren made up the "tribal family." Other architectural elements of the village included plazas, temples and pathways. The principal economic activity of these tribes was agriculture, although they also depended on hunting and fishing to supplement their diet. Their main crop, which they harvested up to three times per year, was corn. Corn was a dietary staple, and they used it to prepare many of the foods still widely consumed throughout this region, such as corn mush and tortillas. A drink prepared from fermented corn, "Chicha," was drunk from a gourd passed around during socio-religious ceremonies to symbolize peace and brotherhood between the tribes. In Nicoya, "chicha" was alternated with another drink made from cocoa beans, although this was consumed in lesser quantities.

56. Historical Text Archive Articles Colombia S Sicarios no one bothered to look further back into the recent history of Colombia in people (including those historians interested in colombian history) will http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=120

57. Colombia GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Cl has been described as the most significant growth phase in colombian history, From 1967 to 1980, the Colombian economy, and particularly the coffee http://www.photius.com/countries/colombia/economy/colombia_economy_growth_and_st

Country Ranks INDEX for Colombia History ... Feedback Colombia GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY http://www.photius.com/countries/colombia/economy/colombia_economy_growth_and_structure~7434.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Colombia Economy Colombia first became an exporting region in the sixteenth century, under the Spanish system of mercantilism (see The Colonial Economy , ch. 1). Spanish imperial rule defined much of Colombia's social and economic development. The colony became an exporter of raw materials, particularly precious metals, to the mother country. With its colonial status came a highly structured socioeconomic system based on slavery, indentured servitude, and limited foreign contact. Colombia's modern economy, based on coffee and other agricultural exports, did not emerge until well after independence (1810), when local entrepreneurs were free to capitalize on world markets other than Spain. Although colonialism fostered minimal domestic economic growth, small entrepreneurial efforts began to take shape, so that by the nineteenth century, well-defined economic enterprises were under way. The economy at that time was based primarily on mining, agriculture, and cattle raising, with contributions also made by local artisans and merchants. Socioeconomic changes proceeded slowly; the economy existed essentially as a loosely related group of regional producers rather than as a national entity. Land and wealth were still the privilege of a minority. Forced labor continued in the mines, and various exploitative labor arrangements existed on the haciendas, such as sharecropping, renting, and low-wage labor. In each case, those owning the land benefited excessively, whereas those working the land remained impoverished.

58. ALBERTO G Paper presented at the XI Congress of colombian history, Bogotá, colombian history and the Current Conjuncture , British Petroleum Company, http://www.javeriana.edu.co/cursos/aflorez/cvingles021.htm

ALBERTO G. FLOREZ-MALAGON Tel: (571) 5340250 aflorez@javeriana.edu.co aflorez@uniandes.edu.co EDUCATION McGill University Montreal, CANADA Postdoctoral Stage: History Postdoctoral Stage: Anthropology December 1994 State University of New York Stony Brook, New York Philosophy Doctor: History Distinction in Doctoral Examination, 1988. July 1987 State University of New York Stony Brook, NY Master of Arts: History December 1985 Universidad de los Andes Bachelor of Arts: Political Science; Minors in History and Philosophy ACADEMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE: Associate Professor . Javeriana University: Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, PENSAR ; Faculty of Rural and Environmental Studies; Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences; Institute of Rural Studies; Master’s Program in Rural Development and Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of History. (1989-present) Director National Program of Social Sciences and Humanities. Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology, COLCIENCIAS Visiting Professor.

59. Colombia (02/05) It was also during this period in colombian history that the two major present day insurgent groups were born. In 1953, Gomez fled into exile when ousted by http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35754.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs February 2005 Background Note: Colombia PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Colombia Geography Area: 1.14 million sq. km. (440,000 sq. mi.); about three times the size of Montana; fourth-largest country in South America. Cities: Capital Bogotá (pop. 2004 projected: 7 million). Other major cities include Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, and Cartagena. Terrain: Flat coastal areas, with extensive coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, three rugged parallel mountain chains, central highlands, and flat eastern grasslands. Climate: Tropical on coast and eastern plains, cooler in highlands. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Colombian(s). Population (2004 projected): 45 million Annual population growth: 1.8% Religion: Roman Catholic 90%. Language: Spanish. Education: Years compulsory Attendance 80% of children enter school. Only 5 years of primary school are offered in many rural areas. Literacy 93% in urban areas, 67% in rural areas.

60. Eye On The Empire By Alan Bock knowledge of colombian history other than what has been in the US be offering a comprehensive history of recent Colombian guerrilla politics. http://www.antiwar.com/bock/b080599.html

August 5, 1999 THE NEXT WAR? I should have known it when I talked to "drug czar" Gen. Barry McCaffrey's people a couple of weeks ago about the good general's selective use of information from the Institute of Medicine report his office had commissioned and all they wanted to talk about was McCaffrey's trip to Colombia and how dangerous it was that Colombia's revolutionary guerrillas were openly cooperating with cocaine growers and narcotraffickers. This was before a heavily modified and customized De Havilland RC-7 reconnaissance plane crashed into a Colombian mountainside , killing five American soldiers and two Colombian military officers. The drug warriors were already laying the propaganda groundwork, before the crash, to begin the process of softening up the public to the idea that the next major American military intervention might be in Colombia, to counteract the dangerous combinations of violent Marxist guerrillas and ruthless narcotics traffickers tearing up the fabric of Colombian society. And small wonder. To a career military officer formerly in charge of the southern command, a somewhat metaphorical "war on drugs" in which severe criticism of the warriors was permitted could hardly be as satisfying as a real shooting war with mobilizations, maneuvers and muzzling.

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