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         Climatic Regions Geography:     more books (21)
  1. Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology by Roger G. Barry, 2001-07-18
  2. Planning for the International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop by Committee on International Polar Year 2007-2008: Report of the Implementation Workshop, National Research Council, 2005-01-05
  3. Alpine areas in the Colorado Front Range as monitors of climate change and ecosystem response *.: An article from: The Geographical Review by Mark W. Williams, Mark V. Losleben, et all 2002-04-01
  4. Climate Variability, Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the Semi-arid Tropics
  5. Success with Mediterranean Gardens by Shirley-Anne Bell, 2005-08-28
  6. Durham University Vestfirdhir Project 1975; fieldwork report and research notes by B. S John, 1975
  7. Environmental Change in the Pacific Basin: Chronologies, Causes, Consequences by Patrick D. Nunn, 1999-04-22

21. Standard 5 - Regions Used To Interpret The Complexity Of Nigeria
An important set of regions to begin with is climatic regions. As with allhuman geography, these ethnic regions are neither static nor fixed.
http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard5.html
NIGERIA BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Standard 5: Regions Used to Interpret the Complexity of Nigeria Introduction geographic processes . In this sense, it merely serves to outline the basic regional formations in Nigeria apart from the processes that created and are creating them. Other essays in this series will deal with issues of geographic process. Physical Regions As standard 7 illustrates, Nigeria is a country of physical contrasts. These contrasts can be illustrated through the definition of physical regions. These regions can vary in their level of detail and complexity. In general, however, Nigeria’s physical regions are closely related with latitude. Variables like precipitation, relative humidity, and vegetation type are all strongly correlated with north-south location. Let us examine some of Nigeria’s physical regions in a more detailed way. An important set of regions to begin with is climatic regions. Climatic regions are a good example of north to south variation. As standard 4 and 7 illustrate, precipitation is the key climatic variable in delimiting Nigeria’s regional climates. Precipitation is critical because temperature does not vary all that much throughout the country. In general annual rainfall decreases as one moves from southern Nigeria to northern Nigeria. In addition, rainfall in southern Nigeria tends to be quite substantial, often surpassing more than 60 to 80 inches per year. Thus, we can declare those areas where abundant rainfall is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year to have a tropical rain forest climate. Included within this region are the Niger Delta and the cities of Lagos and Port Harcourt. To the north of the rain forest climatic region is a large region of tropical savanna climate. This region is marked by three key differences from that of the rain forest climate. First, precipitation tends to be lower, averaging between 20 and 60 inches annually. Second, precipitation tends to be far more seasonal in nature. That is, precipitation is concentrated in a

22. Geography
of the main climatic regions of Europe the oceanic, the northern European, geography History Science and Technology Social Structure
http://www.eda.admin.ch/hongkong_cg/e/home/chhk/geography.html
Swiss Consulate General - Hong Kong SEARCH CONTACT PRINT ENGLISH GEOGRAPHY
Although the hilly and mountainous country of Switzerland is situated in the centre of the Alps, it is characterized by more than just these mountains and their foothills, which account for 60% of the total surface area. The Jura, a hilly subalpine range, is situated in the north of the country (10%), and the central plateau (30%) stretches between the Jura and the Alps.
In spite of its small area, Switzerland has an astonishingly varied climate, brought about by its situation at the point of intersection of the main climatic regions of Europe: the oceanic, the northern European, the Mediterranean and the continental. The canton of Ticino on the southern side of the Alps enjoys a Mediterranean climate, and the central Alps, where the climate is continental in character, is the only relatively dry region. Precipitation is frequent in all other parts of the country, although it is unevenly distributed. Most winters have abundant snow. Only one seventh of the European Alps is situated on Swiss territory, although the country has a number of high peaks.
Many traffic routes between the Mediterranean region and the rest of Europe lead over the Swiss Alps, and the mountain passes have played an important economic

23. Geography
classification systems, and distribution of resultant climatic regions. 3313 geography OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES.
http://www.registrar.siue.edu/2003-2005catalog-updated/courses/geography.htm
Geography (GEOG) 111-3 INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY. [INTRO, IC] [IAI No. S4 900N] Examines physical and human geographic principles in order to understand the spatial distribution of both physical attributes and human activities and their interrelationships. 201-3 WORLD REGIONS. [Dist.SS, IC] Survey of major world areas in terms of population, settlement, and related human occupancy patterns. 202-3 RESOURCE USE AND MANAGEMENT. [Dist.NSM] Fundamentals of basic physical resource utilization; application of environmental conservation and preservation principles. 205-3 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. [Dist.SS, II] Geographical principles underlying the location and distribution of people and their activities in relation to the environment. 210-3 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. [Dist.NSM] [IAI Course No. P1 909] Distribution and interrelation of Earth's physical elements. Selected topics include geodesy, climatology/meteorology, landforms. 211-3 METEOROLOGY. [Dist.NSM] Introduction to weather controls and elements, their relationship to human activities; analysis and use of weather maps and forecasts. 230-3 REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA.

24. Geography
classification systems, and distribution of resultant climatic regions. 3313 geography OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES. Dist.
http://www.registrar.siue.edu/archive/2001-2003catalog-printed/courses/geography
Geography (GEOG)
111-3 INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY. [INTRO, IC] Examines physical and human geographic principles in order to understand the spatial distribution of both physical attributes and human activities and their interrelationships. 201-3 WORLD REGIONS. [Dist.SS, IC] Survey of major world areas in terms of population, settlement, and related human occupance patterns. 202-3 RESOURCE USE AND MANAGEMENT. [Dist.NSM] Fundamentals of basic physical resource utilization; application of environmental conservation and preservation principles. 205-3 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. [Dist.SS, II] Geographical principles underlying the location and distribution of people and their activities in relation to the environment. 210-3 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. [Dist.NSM] [IAI Course No. P1 909] Distribution and interrelation of Earth's physical elements. Selected topics include geodesy, climatology/meteorology, landforms. 211-3 METEOROLOGY. [Dist.NSM] Introduction to weather controls and elements, their relationship to human activities; analysis and use of weather maps and forecasts. 230-3 REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA.

25. Houses And Homes
geography Themes Place, Relationships; Humans and Environments, regions Teacher Background Prior knowledge of climatic regions and economic resources
http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/curriculum/socialstd/grade1/Houses_Homes.html
Economics and Geography Lessons Houses and Homes
MCPS Status of Book as of 4/4/96
Approved as a Reading/Language Arts Core Book for Grade 1
Approved as Library Book for Grades K-3
Title Houses and Homes , by Ann Morris (Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, New York, NY, 1992) Lesson Developed by Barbara S. Yingling Literature Annotation : This photographic collection of 29 homes around the world gives children a glimpse into a rich variety of cultures and customs. Photographer Ken Heyman transports the reader to six continents to show how people all over the world create homes that meet their needs. Grade Level Duration : 45-60 minutes Economic Concepts : Economic Resources, Wants and Needs Geography Themes : Place, Relationships; Humans and Environments, Regions MSPAP Outcomes and Indicators Economic Outcome : Students will demonstrate an understanding of the historical development and the current status of economic principles, institutions,, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers in American society. Indicator
  • Describe the relationship between economic wants and needs.

26. Geography Of India - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
India is divided into seven geographic regions. They are. The northern mountainsincluding the Himalayas and the See also climatic regions of India
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_India
Geography of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Geography of India Continent Asia Region South Asia
Indian subcontinent
Coordinates 20°00'N 77°00' E Area Ranked 7th
3,287,590 km²
1,269,345.60 miles²
90.44% land
9.56% water Coastline 7,516 km (4,670.23 miles) Borders Total land borders
Bangladesh

Bhutan

Burma (Myanmar)
...
Pakistan

2,912 km (1,809 miles) Highest point Kanchenjunga Lowest point Kuttanad Longest river Ganges Brahmaputra Largest lake Chilka Lake The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow -capped mountain ranges to deserts plains , hills and plateaus . Climate ranges from equatorial in the far south, to tundra in the Himalayan altitudes India comprises most of the Indian subcontinent and has a long coastline km miles ), most of which lies on a peninsula that protrudes into the Indian Ocean . India is bounded in the west by the Arabian Sea and in the east by the Bay of Bengal The fertile Indo-Gangetic plain occupies most of northern , central and eastern India, while the Deccan Plateau occupies most of southern India . To the west of the country is the Thar Desert , which consists of a mix of rocky and sandy desert . India's east and northeastern border consists of the high Himalayan range. The highest point in India is disputed due to a territorial dispute with Pakistan ; according to India's claim, the highest point (located in the disputed

27. UWEC Geography Courses
classification and description of climatic regions based on the distinct An introduction to the primary computer techniques used in geography,
http://www.uwec.edu/geography/courses.htm
GEOG101 The Physical Environment-Landforms
Discusses the nature of landforms, the processes that shape them, and their aesthetic and economic importance. GEOG104 The Physical Environment
Interrelationships of humans with the atmosphere, landforms, soils, vegetation, and water resources.
Several instructors teach this course: Harry Jol GEOG106 Earth Science
Introduction to basic earth science concepts. Includes study of the solar system, the atmosphere, weather and climate, soils, rocks and minerals, geologic time, and earth resources. GEOG108 Maps
An introduction to the basic types of maps, air photographs, and diagrams. Primary emphasis on interpretation of these forms of visual communication and understanding their uses and limitations. GEOG111 Human Geography
The basic elements, processes, distributions, and problems associated with cultural groups: their principle ways of life, interrelationships with the natural environment, and socio-cultural diversity. Topics include: population, race, language, religion, political ideologies, and economic systems.
Several instructors teach this course: Ingolf Vogeler Tim Bowden GEOG150 Regions of the Developed World
A timely survey of selected cultural, economic, political, and environmental issues affecting regions of the developed world. Provides a global understanding of the nature, causes, and consequences of contemporary problems in capitalist, socialist, and communist industrialized states.

28. UW-Eau Claire Catalogue
classification and description of climatic regions based on the distinct Examination of the physical, cultural, economic, and political geography of
http://www.uwec.edu/oakdev/RAR099/catalogues/2004-2005/geog.htm
2004-2005 UNIVERSITY CATALOGUE
GEOG - Geography
The Physical Environment
4 crs (3-2). F, Sp, Su.
GE-IIC; LS
Credit may be earned in only one of the following: GEOG 101,
GEOG 102, GEOG 104, GEOG 106, GEOG 110, or GEOL 106
Special course fee required

Introduction to the spatial relations and interactions among the earth's dynamic systems-atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere (weather, climate, landforms, soils, and ecosystems).
Maps
2 crs (1-2). F, Sp.

29. Global Leap - Videoconferencing In The Classroom
Key stage 3 geography teachers in the NW, SW, and SE of the UK for a To compareand contrast at least two climatic regions across England and Wales
http://www.global-leap.com/geography/
Key stage 3 Geography teachers in the NW, SW, and SE of the UK for a project on the regional variations in climate.
Paul Butler Key Stage 3 ICT Consultant writes:
"The materials below have been produced to support the 'ICT Across the Curriculum' element of the Key Stage 3 National Strategy. The materials are intended to support Geography teachers in particular but also to offer ideas to teachers of other curriculum areas as to how they could add a videoconferencing element to their programme of study. It is envisaged that these materials would become a feature of a department's scheme of work - therefore becoming an annual teaching event rather than a 'one off'." Paul is happy to support schools in implementing these resources. Feel free to email him and arrange a videoconference meeting to discuss the downloadable resources and to plan for using these materials in your lessons. Paul's ISDN number is: 01226 388976.
Would you line to get involved?

30. CHN - Tourism And Travel_Economy
geography Climate People Population Economy Costs Communications LandscapeAltitude and Range of Pressure in Different regions climatic
http://tourism.chn.ir/en/Geography/
About Iran Government Geography Economy ... Attractions CHN Home Archeology Naqshe Jahan Photo Agency ... Cool Links Geography Location The Geographical Caspian Sea, Central Asia and Caucasus Region The Bridge between the Orient and the Occident The Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman ... Rivers Location Iran is located in the northern hemisphere in southwest Asia. It is situated in the Iranian plateau between 25 to 40 degrees northern latitude and 45 to 63 degrees eastern longitude. Its southern areas are situated in the equatorial region and its northern areas in the northern temperate zone. Iran's area is 1,648,195 square kilometers. Its northern neighbors are Turkmenistan, the Republic of Azerbaijan, and Armenia while the Caspian Sea is also located in its north. Pakistan and Afghanistan are located in the east of Iran and Turkey and Iraq in the west. The Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman are situated in the southern parts of the country. parts of the country. parts of the country.
Iran's borders extend 7,774 km, some one-third of which are sea borders. Iran's borders in the southern coastal areas of the Caspian Sea and the northern coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman are 663 km and 1,952 km long respectively.

31. 1Up Travel : Libya. Size, Topography, Climate, Hydrology, Regions. Geography And
Libya. geography. regions. With an area of 1760000 square kilometers and aMediterranean Within Libya as many as five different climatic zones have been
http://www.1uptravel.com/geography/libya.html

Flags
Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military
Airline Tickets
Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations
Web 1UpTravel.com
You are here 1Up Travel Geography and Facts
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Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues
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... Travel Warning Libya Geography and Facts Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia Geographic coordinates: 25 00 N, 17 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 1,759,540 sq km land: 1,759,540 sq km water: sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Alaska Land boundaries: total: 4,383 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km Coastline: 1,770 km

32. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
Areas of geography. Systematic and Regional Approach. The Region as a Concept Environmental Systems III climatic regions
http://www.geog.umd.edu/homepage/courses/100/GEOG100_F04.htm
INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY Fall 2004 Instructor: Barbara Kearney TAs: Greg Bryan Office: 2108 Lefrak Lovette Anderson E-Mail: bkearney@geog.umd.edu Alan Belsky Phone: Lynn Scharff Sara Cairney Susanne Hechmer Course Goals You have chosen this course as part of your CORE Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies Program, the general education portion of your degree program. A faculty and student committee approved this CORE Distributive course because it will introduce you to ideas and issues that are central to a major intellectual discipline and because it promises to involve you actively in the learning process. This is primarily achieved by active participation in the discussion sections. The discussion sections are structured to enhance active interaction with data sources, major concepts associated with the field, instructors, and fellow students. Please take advantage of the discussion section and the opportunities this course offers you. The objective of this course is to make you aware of the importance of a geographic perspective in understanding the human condition. Major topics associated with the subfields in geography will be introduced while exploring the impacts of the environment, cul­ture, and location on human affairs.

33. Climatic Regions (from Asia) --  Encyclopædia Britannica
climatic regions (from Asia) The distribution pattern of precipitation The Pacific Region geography (402) This region encompasses the coast of the
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-48163
Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Geologic history General considerations Tectonic framework Chronological summary Stratigraphy and structure The Precambrian The Paleozoic Era Paleozoic events in the Altaids Paleozoic events in the Tethysides ... Cenozoic events in the island arcs and the marginal basins Land Relief The mountain belts The plains and lowlands The islands Geologic and climatic influences ... Southwest Asia Drainage Rivers Lakes Groundwater Soils ... Effects of human activity on the soil Climate Air masses and wind patterns The influence of topography Temperature Precipitation changeTocNode('toc48158','img48158'); Climatic regions Urban climate Plant life The geographic pattern of vegetation North and Central Asia East Asia South and Southeast Asia West Asia Vegetation and society Vegetation in traditional civilization Human impact on natural landscapes Animal life The Palearctic region ... East and Southwest Asia The Oriental region Mammals Birds Reptiles and amphibians Fish ... People Ethnic groups Prehistoric centres and ancient migrations Historical migrations Multiethnic states Languages ... Other religions Settlement patterns Ecological factors Rural settlement Urban settlement Demographic trends ... Contemporary trends Economy General considerations Resources Mineral resources Coal Petroleum and natural gas Uranium Iron ... Timber, fisheries, and animal husbandry

34. Climate And Soil - Hawaii - Regional Breakdowns - Regions Of The United States -
hawaii climate, usa geography, soil composition, climatic region, soil type, rainwater, high wind, animal life, animal material, heavy rain,
http://www.countriesquest.com/north_america/usa/geography/regions_of_the_united_
you are here
home
North America USA Geography ... Climate and Soil
Hawaii, Climate and Soil
Climate has a profound effect on soil composition. Soil types are composed of minerals, organic matter (decaying plant and animal material), water, and air. Soils differ depending on how much of these different ingredients they contain, and climate contributes to those differences. Climatic conditions, such as high wind and heavy rain, can accelerate the breakup of rocks into the small particles that form the basic material of soil. In addition, precipitation controls the movement of nutrients and chemicals in soils. For example, continuous heavy rains can cause leaching, a percolating process that carries away minerals that support plant life. Climate also affects soils indirectly by acting through vegetation and animal life. A favorable climate that supports a large number of plants and animals may produce more productive soil due to the presence of humus, decaying plant and animal material that adds rich nutrients to the soil. In the United States, soil characteristics vary considerably by climatic region. For example, soils in cooler continental climates are known as podzols, a soil type that is not very fertile. The leaching action of heavy rain and water runoff removes many of the nutrients from podzols. Lateritic soils, one of the least fertile soil types, are found in wetter and hotter climates. They are the dominant soil type in the southeast, particularly in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. Rich, dark soils called chernozems are found in the Midwest and in grassland areas to the west. These are some of the richest soils in the world.

35. Reviewing 'Geography: People And Places In A Changing World' (1995; West Publish
designating climatic regions; this system, a rarity in highschool geographybooks, achieves much greater precision than is possible with other schemes.
http://www.textbookleague.org/71geog.htm
from The Textbook Letter , March-April 1996
Reviewing a high-school book in geography
Geography: People and Places in a Changing World
1995. 734 pages. ISBN of the student's edition: 0-314-02905-2.
The West Publishing Company, P.O. Box 64526, St. Paul, Minnesota 55164.
This Good Book Is Marred
by Russophilic Propaganda
Paul F. Thomas
The 1995 version of West Publishing's Geography replaces the version that was dated in 1990. The newer book incorporates some major revisions while retaining the earlier book's strengths: a dynamic treatment of textual material, a mature pedagogical tone (enhanced by the use of headlines that are substantive rather than glitzy), a credible skills-building program, and the posing of review questions that elicit higher-order thinking [see the note below]. The new book is badly marred, however, by a refusal to deal honestly with the disintegration of the Soviet Union. West's writers pretend that the Soviet Union still exists, and they appear to promote the revival of Russian imperialism. Many of the regional maps have been enlarged (and have benefited from improvements in the use of colors and textures), and the book continues to provide historical maps and graphs that depict important economic developments, such as the growth of railroads, coal production and iron production during the years 1850 through 1910.

36. BMN | Geography Essays & Term Papers
We have completed thousands of essays on geography and earth science in different Topics include weather elements, climatic regions, soil and vegetation
http://brightmindsnet.com/dp/geography/index.php
Bright Minds Network :: Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing Service
Home Departments > Geography
Geography Department
The Department of Geography has started its work 3 years ago. We have completed thousands of essays on geography and earth science in different academic levels. Now we are glad to offer you reliable and professional writing services. We employ highly professional specialists, who hold their major in geography. During the time of operating, our writers have shown an outstanding record of work. The superior standards of our papers have been reached by the means of constant advancement of writing during many years. We take a great pride in our aggressive commitment to quality. The custom essays you order are written in accordance with academic standards and your specific instructions. Geography papers study natural and human-altered landscapes, and processes by which people make their livelihoods and give their lives meaning, and in so doing, create and modify their environments. The geography essays of Bright Minds Network emphasize the study of human geography while providing background in sciences that improve your understanding of the natural environment through materials researched by our writers. Protecting sustainable environments and managing the earth's valued resources-land, water and air-are the main topics of geography papers.

37. Geography Education @ Nationalgeographic.com
A basic unit of geographic study is the region, an area on the earth’s surfacethat is defined by How do people from different climatic regions dress?
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/ngo/education/themes.html
SITE INDEX The five themes were written in 1984 by the Joint Committee on Geographic Education of the National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) and the Association of American Geographers (AAG). They are outlined in greater detail in the NCGE/AAG publication Guidelines for Geographic Education, Elementary and Secondary Schools. THEME 1: LOCATION
To know the absolute relative Activity Ideas
Using latitude and longitude lines on a world map, have students locate the following:
  • the highest mountain on our continent
  • the capital cities of three foreign countries
  • the national park nearest your town
  • the mouths of three major rivers
  • three major cities in the United States
Include examples in the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Hemispheres. Have students list four ways their hometown is connected to a nearby town or city that they have located on a map. Ask students to imagine that they can pick up their school building, just as if it were a toy block, and relocate it anywhere they choose. Discuss how their school lives would be different if their school were located farther north, south, east, or west. Have students list the advantages and disadvantages of each site. Then ask them to analyze their findings and write an essay supporting their choice of sites.

38. YB News
There are five climatic regions in Brazil equatorial, tropical, semiarid, geography, topography, rivers, temperatures and the climate. geography
http://www.ybnews.org/?system=news&action=read&id=121&eid=160

39. Climate Change North | Curriculim | Yukon | Connections 12
apply the following geography themes to relevant issues compare the distributionand characteristics of climatic regions; describe how climate
http://www.climatechangenorth.ca/section-CL/D12_CL_YK.html
Climate Change Curriculum Connections 12
SOCIAL STUDIES
GEOGRAPHY 12
The Nature of Geography (Themes)
  • apply the following geography themes to relevant issues:
    • place (the physical and human characteristics that make a location unique) movement (the varied patterns in the movement of life forms, ideas, and materials) regions (basic units of study that define an area with certain human and physical characteristics) human and physical interaction (the way humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the environment)
    The Nature of Geography (Systems)
    • identify the physical components of the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere describe the major interactions among the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere identify the social, economic, cultural, and political components of human systems explain how physical and human systems interact within an ecosystem
    The Nature of Geography (Skills)
    • demonstrate an ability to access, interpret, and present geographic information using topographic maps, aerial and satellite images, photographs, charts, diagrams, graphs, and tables

40. Geographi
Russian geography regions of Russia Russia boasts just about every conceivablenatural climatic zone tundra, forest-tundra, forests, forest-steppes
http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/GEOGRAF.HTM
Transport and
Communications

Russian geography - Regions of Russia
Russia is a country about 1.8 times the size of the US occupying the vast area between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean. It has an area of 10, 672,000 sq. miles (17,075,200 sq.km) and a population of almost 150 million people. Occupying a large territory in Europe and Asia Russia is spread over all climatic zones except tropical. It takes over 8 hours by plane to reach from Moscow to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast. West of the Ural mountains from the Black Sea in the South to the Arctic Ocean lies a broad plain with low hills where the historical core of the Russian nation is located. East of the Urals from the border with Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia to the Arctic coast lies Siberia - a scarcely populated area covered by coniferous forest, swamps and tundra in the north and mountainous terrain in the south. The country possesses a wide array of natural resources including major deposits of oil, coal, natural gas, many strategic minerals, diamonds and timber. The economic zone along the 23,533 mile (37,653 km) long coastline (Arctic and Pacific Oceans, Baltic, Black and Caspian Seas) holds significant reserves of fish and oil and natural gas on the sea shelf. Most of the country has a so called harsh continental climate characterized by a big difference between summer and winter temperatures (it gets indeed very cold in Siberia during winter, but it is also very hot in the summer). Russia's geographical location presents a significant obstacle to development - dry or cold climate, terrain, distance and remote location from major sea lanes, all these factors contribute to the situation when large parts of the country have almost no population and development. Russia has only 8% of arable land.

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