61. Research Guide Medieval Literature classical and medieval Literature Criticism (CMLC) (use indexes at end of mostrecent volume), Ref PN 610. TO FIND WORKS WRITTEN BY A specific AUTHOR http://www.wcsu.edu/library/gd_medieval_lit.html

Research Guide to Medieval Literature Web Resources Reference Books CONSULS Catalog Locating Periodicals ... Questions? Resources on the World Wide Web For Web sites on Medieval Studies, please see: Internet Resources for Medieval Studies Research Guide to Book History For tips on citation format, please see MLA Style via Yahoo! Reference Books for Background Information Reference books are shelved by Library of Congress call number in the reference stacks on the first floor of the Ruth Haas Library . They may not be checked out, but photocopiers are available for student use on the first and third floors of the Haas Library (ten cents per page). General Background on Literature Dictionary of Biblical Allusions in English Literature Ref PR 145.F8 1965 Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature Ref PR 145.B5.D53 1992 Dictionary of Literary Terms Ref PN 44.5.S46 1972 Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs . 2 volumes. Ref PN 43.D48 1988 Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery Ref BL 600.V74 1976 Dictionary of the History of Ideas . 5 volumes. Ref CB 5.D52 1974

62. Literary Criticism classical and medieval Literature Criticism (CMLC) Ref PN610 . Another goodsource for a specific author is the Biography and Genealogy Master Index, http://bullpup.lib.unca.edu/library/rr/litcrit.html

Ramsey Library Research Guides Literary Criticism Searching the Library Catalog Subject searches Since literary criticism is such a broad topic, it s recommended to search by subject heading in the l ibrary c atalog Remember that personal names and geographic locations are valid subject headings. There are several standard subdivisions that prove useful for literary subject searches Criticism and interpretation after author History and criticism after literary form Bibliography after subject or author Examples of ways in which these subject search elements can be combined: Morrison, Toni - Criticism and interpretation Shakespeare, William, 1569-1616 - Sonnets Austen, Jane, 1775-1817 - Bibliography It s also possible to use the title of a work as a subject, such as Moby Dick or Things Fall Apart Ways to focus your search can include: Original language of the work (Spanish, English, German ...) Literary form (drama, poetry, fiction ...) Time period (medieval, 18th century ...) Author characteristics, such as:

63. Medieval Studies Courses Fall 2004 Whenever possible, we will consult medieval authors to discuss their views This course examines the techniques and methods of classical Archaeology as http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/Fall2004.html

COURSES OFFERED IN FALL 2004 I. COURSES SPONSORED BY MEDIEVAL STUDIES Last updated March 25, 2004 MVST 301 TUTORIAL: MEDIEVAL STUDIES For Medieval Studies students only. Students interested in a tutorial must find a professor willing to conduct the course and must secure the approval of the director of the Medieval Studies program. MVST 348 SENIOR SEMINAR Prof. Moran Cruz TBA II. CROSS-LISTED COURSES for FALL 2004 Last updated October 28, 2004 What follows includes only cross-listed courses for which descriptions have been received. Others are expected. For the rest, see the links at the end of the list to the Registrar's list in the Schedule of Classes. ARAB 351 INTRODUCTION TO ARABIC CULTURE I Prof. Stowasser TR 1:15-2:30 ICC 209A An interdisciplinary survey course based on textual sources in Arabic literature, philosophy, and scripture designed to introduce the major aspects of Arabic and Islamic culture from the classical to the modern period. Taught in English. Knowledge of Arabic desirable but not required. ARAB 409 THE QURAN IN HISTORY Prof. Dallal

64. Medieval Studies | Resource Guides | Pius XII Memorial Library | Saint Louis Uni The second part lists alphabetically medieval authors and their works includinglists A collection of important literary works of classical and medieval http://www.slu.edu/libraries/pius/resguides/medievalstudies.html

about slu apply now contact slu slu home quicklinks Admissions Academics Academic Calendar Admin Offices Billiken Athletics Campus Life Career Services Colleges and Schools Events on Campus Financial Aid Gateway: Intranet Giving to SLU Libraries Ministry and Outreach Museums and Art People Finder Research Resources for Reporters Safety Student Health SLUCare Technology Web Email WebCT WebSTAR option> Working at SLU advanced search Pius XII Memorial Library Library Catalog Databases Full-Text E-Journals Research Help ... Government Documents Special Collections St. Louis Room Vatican Film Library Library Associates Pius Home Resource Guides Saint Louis University Pius XII Memorial Library MEDIEVAL STUDIES Compiled by John B. Marino, Ph.D. Cand. English and Perry J. Cahall, Ph.D. Cand. Theological Studies. Maintained by Jamie Schmid , M.S.L.I.S., Reference Librarian and History Liaison Librarian Updated May 20, 2004 Print friendly version Web version This guide identifies resources for the study of medieval subjects found in Pius XII Memorial Library. The guide is intended for use by both beginning or advanced graduate students and faculty. It includes both English language and foreign language titles. The annotations are intended to provide basic information or to supplement information found in the printed sources listed under Research Guides/Bibliographies . Items whose contents are obvious from their titles are not annotated. CONTENTS Research Guides/Bibliographies Directories Of Medieval Scholars General Medieval Encyclopedias/Dictionaries Specialized Medieval Encyclopedias/Dictionaries ... Discussion Lists RESEARCH GUIDES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES

65. ENGLISH American authors on the WebGeneral Resources A huge set of links to all Literary Resources on the Net links to Biblical, classical, medieval, http://home.gwi.net/brhs/engla.html

ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS LINKS Use these English/Language Arts links to get started researching anything in the field including authors, full text books, writing guides and a multitude of other resources. Beowulf Assignment Links Resources for the Study of Beowulf Internet Resources for Anglo-Saxon England check the directions on your assignment sheet for this site. Sutton HooAn Anglo Saxon Ship Burial Sutton Hoo Timeline 500 A.D. to 1100 A.D. The Anglo Saxons ... Da Engliscan Gesipas... attempts to cover all aspects of Anglo-Saxon language and culture Arms and Armour: Part 1 - The Spear Arms and Armour of the Anglo-Saxon and Viking Age Author Links American Authors on the WebGeneral Resources A huge set of links to all sorts of sites for American literature! American Verse Project from the University of MichiganBoolean searchable links to various American authors Author Guides http://authoryellowpages.com/">Author Yellow Pages Free Online Books from Page by Page Books the link here is to the list of authors. Citation Styles Links Citation Guides from the University of Alberta Libraries Citation MachineThe Landmark Project Citing SourcesCommon Bibliographic Styles Columbia Guide to Online Style includes MLA and citing electronic resources Duke University's Citation Pages VERY useful site providing comparisons and actual bibliographic citations in MLA, APA, Turabian and Chicago styles

66. HH205 Western Civilization: Culture To 1776 classical Quarterly; Early medieval Europe; Exemplaria It has links toliterature and authors of the period. medieval and Renaissance Europe Primary http://www.usna.edu/Library/History/HH205.html

NIMITZ LIBRARY U. S. Naval Academy ASK A LIBRARIAN NIMITZ LIBRARY USNA RESEARCH GUIDES BY SUBJECT ... Return to HISTORY RESEARCH PAGE HH205 PAGE Here are some suggestions for doing research for HH205.  Be sure to talk to a Reference Librarian for additional assistance. Background Resources - These books may help you choose a topic or provide overview information.  Most listed here are in the Reference collection on the first floor. Title Call Number Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World Reference Atlas Stand The Blackwell Companion to the Enlightenment Ref CB411.B57 Cambridge Illustrated Atlas Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487 Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792 Ref G1034.H6 Ref G1035.B4 Classical and Medieval Literary Criticism (65 vols.) Reference Table 6 Dictionary of Literary Biography v. 115 Medieval Philosophers

67. Introductory Paragraph Exercise For ENGL 203 Students Enrolled In ENGL 330 or in the case of topic 5, the medieval work and its classical source). While your opening paragraph should not get into the specific examples you http://cla.calpoly.edu/~dschwart/engl203/introex.html

Dr. Debora B. Schwartz English Department California Polytechnic State University INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH EXERCISE PRELIMINARY REMARKS 1) The paper you write in this class is not a reaction paper don't use it to express your personal opinion about a reading, to criticize or praise it. Instead, it should demonstrate your understanding of the reading on its own terms , in the medieval context what it meant to its original author and audience (whether or not you agree is irrelevant to this assignment). 2) The paper you will write in this class is also not a research paper (the research tool exercises which you complete for this class have no connection to this writing assignment). DO NOT CITE ANY SECONDARY SOURCES IN EITHER THE INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH EXERCISE OR IN YOUR FINAL EXPANDED PAPER cite only the primary text(s) you are analyzing (the medieval work, or in the case of topic #5 , the medieval work and its classical source). 3) The paper which you will write in this class is an EXERCISE, designed to help you practice certain analytic writing skills. It's not the place to try to dazzle me with something new and original. It's hard enough (and perfectly legitimate) simply to demonstrate your grasp of an interpretation presented in class. Concentrate on constructing a strong logical argument based upon close reading (analysis of specific passages in the text). Your paper should demonstrate your ability to

68. Using Technology To Teach Medieval Texts The medieval manuscript served several purposes to guide the Christian Search find articles containing specific words, authors, subjects or titles. http://www.unc.edu/student/orgs/cams/techtoteach/cdroms.htm

CD-ROM Resources History Literature Reference Religion A CD-ROM has the potential to offer a pre-packaged multimedia presentation of the kinds of material you might cover in your classes. It is not unreasonable to think that some textbooks may eventually be offered primarily in CD-ROM format. Currently many publishers of introductory grammars offer CD-ROM supplements to their textbooks, and it's hard to believe that literature supplements can be far behind. CD-ROMs are very efficient in the way that they put so much information at your fingertips in a very portable format. If your students have laptops, or work in computer-assisted classrooms, they may well prefer a CD to a heavy tome. For the time being, however, you may find that your students only have access to CD-ROM resources through your institution's library. Using them in such instances would require students to complete tasks on their own outside of class and would involve making certain that students did not all travel to the library to use the same resource at the same time. In such cases, you might look for CD-ROMs that would be useful as research tools (as, for example, CETEDOC and the OED) rather than as primary texts. Each CD-ROM has its own unique attributes. The number of kinds of CD-ROMs that exist is perhaps almost as large as the number of kinds of printed texts that are available. Therefore, you'll have to evaluate each CD-ROM on your own to figure out how best it might work into your syllabus.

69. Jewish Names In The World Of Medieval Islam In looking at medieval Jewish names one would expect to find a large number possible to do specific statistical work on these names but classical Hebrew http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/jews_in_cairo/

Jewish Names in the World of Medieval Islam Compiled by Yehoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi (MKA Zachary Kessin R. Huna stated in the name of Bar Kappara: Israel was redeemed from Egypt on account of four things, vis. because they did not change their names, they did not change their language, they did not go tale-bearing, and none of them was found to have been immoral. Mishnah Rabbah: Leviticus 32:5 Introduction Names and naming patterns provide an unique view into the private lives of a community. Much can be learned by a community by the types of names that people give their children and live by. The Jews of the medieval Arab world were very much a part of the Arabic literary tradition and were giving their children names that are drawn from that tradition as well as the Jewish tradition. The Jews of this time period were apparently quite fluent in Arabic and were speaking it in their homes and shops. Some of the great Jewish literature of this period including works by the Rambam and Yahuda haLevi were written in Arabic. This paper will attempt to analyze the form and function of the names of Jews in the medieval Islamic world and compare those naming practices to their Muslim neighbors. It will include an analysis of the elements of personal names, bynames, family names, and the grammar of these names.

70. J. Willard Marriott Library Research Guides The following are databases dealing with specific areas in Classics. Library ofCongress classical medieval History Reference Websites http://www.lib.utah.edu/ResGuides/classics.html

U N I V E R S I T Y O F U T A H - J. WILLARD MARRIOTT LIBRARY Classics R E S E A R C H G U I D E Research Guides Library Catalog Utah's Catalog Learning More ... Karen Estlund 2751 Marriott Library 585-0406 Classics Department Erin O'Connell (Department Representative) F IND JOURNAL ARTICLES Classics Indices: TOCS-IN Index of articles from about 185 journals covering Classics, Near Eastern Studies, and Religion. L'Annee Philologique An important bibliographic survey covering literature, culture, and history in the classical world. It lists articles and books in several languages, including English. Location: Marriott Library, General Reference Humanities Index Shelf, Level 3: Z 7016 .M35 A5. Gnomon Online This online collection represents selections from the Gnomon Bibliographische Datenbank CD-ROM, which indexes current publications in Classical journals. Interdisciplinary Indices and Article Databases that include Classics: MLA Bibliography EBSCOHost Consists of bibliographic records pertaining to literature, language, linguistics, and folklore, and includes coverage from 1963 to the present. It provides access to scholarly research in over 3,000 journals and series. It also covers relevant monographs, working papers, proceedings, bibliographies, and other formats. Also includes the MLA Directory of Periodicals.

71. About The Database: Medieval Manuscripts At Fordham 175 photocopies of medieval manuscripts; most of these are classical works the lives and writings of classical and medieval authors from particular http://www.library.fordham.edu/database/medieval/collection.htm

Library Home Introduction Description of Fields Search Database Collections Included: The database includes the following (counts are approximate): · 70 medieval parchment manuscripts held in the Special Collections at Walsh Library 70 medieval parchment manuscripts (primarily stray folios and fragments) held by Professor John Clark of the Classics Department 35 facsimiles of medieval manuscripts held primarily in the Paleography Room at Walsh Library 175 photocopies of medieval manuscripts; most of these are classical works written in medieval hands and are part of the Classics/Barberini Collection now housed at Walsh 31 microfilm reels of medieval manuscripts held at the Center for Medieval Studies (primarily French manuscripts) · Microfilm reels of medieval manuscripts, held at Walsh Library, including: c. 600 reels covering manuscripts in the Classics Collection, most relating to manuscripts in the Vatican's Barberini Collection, but also including some from the Ottoboniani, Regensi, Palatini, Urbinati, and Vaticani collections in the Vatican. Most of the manuscripts are classical Latin and Greek works writt en down during the middle ages.. 89 microfilm reels of medieval manuscripts, donated by various Jesuits

72. Researching In Medieval History-Guides-McMaster Libraries In literature studies, biographies on the lives of authors are particularly The Online medieval and classical Library, http//sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL http://library.mcmaster.ca/research/medieval.htm

Library Guides Researching in Medieval History If you are confused at any point in the research process, please ask for assistance at the Reference Desk. Step 1: Define Your Topic Identify the keywords, concepts, and other criteria (e.g. dates) for your topic. Example: If you topic is "Married women in medieval times ," you might come up with the following keywords for your search: women and marriage and medieval More on "Defining your Topic" Step 2: Find Background Information Look up your keywords/concepts in an encyclopedia or dictionary on medieval history. This will provide you with a good overview and definition of your topic and sometimes bibliographies of further resources to check. The bibliographies can assist you in locating books and other sources of information on your topic. Additional background information may be found in your lecture notes, textbooks, and reserve reading. More on "Finding background information" Call Number Resource Maps G 1791 .M2 1997

73. Medieval And Renaissance Studies classical and medieval Literature Criticism. Detroit Gale Research Co. 1988Ongoing. Essays by various authors on all aspects of medieval studies. http://www.lib.duke.edu/reference/subjects/medieval/medieval.htm

Catalog Ask A Librarian Your Accounts Hours ... Contact Us Library Resources for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Background Information Finding Books and Primary Resources Finding Journal Articles Selected Journals Background Information : Encyclopedias, General Surveys, Reference Works The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. General editors M. M. Postan and H J. Habakkuk. Cambridge: The University Press, 2nd ed., 1966. 8 vols. An authoritative survey of an aspect of society not included in the Cambridge medieval and modern histories. Contents organized in chapters which deal with a well-defined topic (e.g., "Markets and Fairs"). Bibliographies for each chapter appear at the end of the volume. Chronology of the Medieval World, 800 to 1491 , by R. L. Storey. Oxford: Helicon, 1994. Ref. 909.07 S884 C557 1994 A year-by-year outline of medieval history. Left-hand pages show the political events of each year, while facing pages show development in law, science, religion, education, the arts, and philosophy, along with significant births and deaths. A good index makes it easy to locate persons, places, subjects and titles of books or artworks. Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism.

74. Classical Studies Resource Guide For biographies of classical authors, see further under the heading Literature, Signed scholarly essays introducing the works of specific authors, http://www.lib.duke.edu/reference/subjects/classics/classicalstudies.html

Catalog Ask A Librarian Your Accounts Hours ... Contact Us Researching Classical Studies at the Duke University Libraries This subject guide is an introduction to the resources the Duke Libraries hold in Classical Studies. It emphasizes two related and overlapping areas. The first is reference books that may be consulted for thumbnail sketches of a topic in Classics, fact- and date-checking, and orientations to a research topic that is new to you. For these tasks, dictionaries encyclopedias , and atlases will probably be of most use. The second is introductory sources for beginning larger-scale research projects on Classical topics. Bibliographies , on-line and in print, are emphasized, as are more detailed sources for tracking down obscure references to minor historical personages, places, works of art, literary characters, etc. Classical Studies is very much an international discipline. This guide has been written with a bias towards sources in English, but includes many valuable resources in other modern European languages, in addition to Classical texts which will be in ancient Greek or Latin. Classical Studies is also a discipline with a long history. While many of the references below have been published recently, some date back to the nineteenth century. It can be well worth the effort to look carefully at older scholarship; for some topics, it is essential. Using this Guide Resources listed below are organized into loose categories. A series of general references for all of Classical Studies is followed by more specific resources for specialized areas such as history, literature, and art and archaeology. Suggested subject headings can be used to search the library's

75. Ancient, Classical & Medieval - New And Used Books While best known for its medieval coverage, the authors narrative begins with the Equipped with the classical education of their day, the authors had a http://www.isbn.pl/1906-4-Ancient-Classical-Medieval.html

Language: English Deutsch Fran§ais Categories: Architecture Art Computers Cooking ... Elfriede Jelinek Top searches: Nobbs Jack Hine Robert And Flemming Margaret E John Mark Terry Ebbie C Smith Justice Anrson Kneiss Gilbert H Arthur Lites Daft Richard L Col B W Photos ... Literary Collections Keyword: Author: Title: ISBN: Book location: UK Ireland Germany France USA Canada Results: 81-90 Levey, Martin, editor. Archaeological Chemistry: A Symposium. Levey, Martin, editor. - Archaeological Chemistry: A Symposium. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967. Price: US$ 35.00 More from Boutell, Charles Arms and Armour in Antiquity and the Middle Ages ISBN: Boutell, Charles - Arms and Armour in Antiquity and the Middle Ages Perseus Books Group, New York, USA, 1996 (ISBN: 0938289616) Price: US$ 15.00 More from Veyne, Paul, Ed. A HISTORY OF PRIVATE LIFE: I - FROM PAGAN ROME TO BYZANTIUM. Veyne, Paul, Ed. - A HISTORY OF PRIVATE LIFE: I - FROM PAGAN ROME TO BYZANTIUM. Cambridge, MA: Pub. Harvard University Press, 1987

76. Ancient, Classical & Medieval - New And Used Books More Ancient, classical medieval from. by Dominic Alexander (Author) Servants of Nature is organized in chapters dealing with specific aspects of http://www.isbn.pl/1906-Ancient-Classical-Medieval.html

Language: English Deutsch Fran§ais Categories: Architecture Art Computers Cooking ... Elfriede Jelinek Top searches: English Paul Ward Ponting J Rick Ed Herman Grassman Baltic Amber ... Literary Collections Keyword: Author: Title: ISBN: Book location: UK Ireland Germany France USA Canada Results: 1-20 of 90 Magoffin, Ralph V.D. And Duncalf, Frederic Ancient and Medieval History: The Rise of Classical Culture and the Development of Medieval Civilization Pictorial Cover. Fair/No Jacket. Historical. Writing on some pages, and a few pieces of tape. A few pages have detached from binding. Cover of spine is torn. Cover shows wear and discoloration. Magoffin, Ralph V.D. And Duncalf, Frederic - Ancient and Medieval History: The Rise of Classical Culture and the Development of Medieval Civilization New York: Silver Burdett Company, 1939 Price: US$ 4.00 More from John Petropoulos Eroticism in Ancient and Medieval Greek Poetry (Duckworth Classical Essays) ISBN: John Petropoulos - Eroticism in Ancient and Medieval Greek Poetry (Duckworth Classical Essays) (ISBN: 0715629859) Price: £ 29.39

77. BU Libraries | Services | Collection Development Policies | Classics Modern Greek texts are acquired for postclassical Greek authors. P 901-1091,Extinct Ancient or medieval Languages. PA 1-8595, classical Languages and http://www.bu.edu/library/collections/cdcls.html

Collection Development Policies Classics Selector: Ruth S. Thomas Purpose Scope Boundaries/Locations ... GENERAL PURPOSE OF THE COLLECTION The Classics collection reflects the interests and curriculum of the Department of Classical Studies in the College of Arts and Sciences and in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. The collection also is a resource for the Department of Archaeology, and, to some extent, the Department of Art History. The collection consists of materials on Latin and Ancient and Modern Greek authors; Greek and Roman history, literature, and culture; Latin pedagogy; and the classical tradition. The Classics collection also provides materials for the study of comparative literature, archaeology, linguistics, mythology and religion, philosophy, and history, as well as law and medicine. The Department of Classical Studies offers BA, BA/MA, MA, MAT (Master of Arts in Teaching), and PhD degrees in Classics, Classical Civilization, Latin, and Ancient and Modern Greek. Faculty interests include Aegean prehistory; ancient comedy; ancient philosophy; ancient political ideology; ancient religion; ancient rhetoric; archaeology; Cicero; classical tradition; comparative literature; film; Greek and Latin poetry; Greek drama; Greek, Roman, and early medieval history; Greek and Roman epic; historiography and epigraphy; near eastern and classical mythology; philology; Roman history and topography; and women in antiquity.

78. Classical Indexes such resources as Ancient Writers and classical and medieval an authoror title in the catalog to find books analyzing specific author s works. http://www.lib.pdx.edu/resources/pathfinders/classical.html

This list of resources is intended as a guide to beginning research in Classical languages, linguistics and literatures at PSU Library. All of the reference works listed here can be found on the 2nd Floor of Millar Library , in the Research and Learning Center. Sections of this guide: Literature Finding Articles Finding Books Web Resources For more resources on teaching, see the Education subject guide. For more resources on linguistics, see the Applied Linguistics subject guide. The Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary (English-Latin) The Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary (Latin-English) Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning REF P51 .R66 2000 Ancient Writers: Greece and Rome REF PA3002 .A5 1982 Concise Dictionary of Greek Literature REF PA31 .M29 Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature Crowell's Handbook of Classical Drama REF PA3024 .H35

79. Medieval Studies Needless to say, bibliographies specific to fields like literature, history, Arranged alphabetically by medieval authors and texts, then by subjects. http://www.mtangel.edu/library/subject/medieval.html

Medieval Studies A Guide to Resources in Mount Angel Abbey Library Contents Indices Bibliographies Encyclopedic Reference Works Guides ... Internet Resources Medieval Studies is a wide-ranging subject embracing theology, art history, literature, archaeology and so forth. What follows is a very basic bibliography of resources (mainly available at Mt. Angel Abbey Library and on the Web, although some other resources are listed). Books and microforms in the Patristic and Latin Christian Studies Room do not circulate. Please return all materials to this room. Indices Since Medieval Studies is an interdisciplinary field, tools for bibliographic access are very important. Needless to say, bibliographies specific to fields like literature, history, and art have sections dealing with the medieval topics. The two most comprehensive bibliographies devoted specifically to medieval studies are: International Medieval Bibliography . Leeds: University of Leeds, 1968-. Published twice a year. Arranged by subject (e.g. daily life, economics, social [history]), with author and subject index at the end of each issue. (Lat Xn) Medioevo Latino . Spoleto: Centro di Studi sull' Alto Medioevo, 1980-. Covers 6th through 13 centuries. Arranged alphabetically by medieval authors and texts, then by subjects. At back of each volume are indices of manuscripts, Latin words, places, modern authors. (Lat Xn)

80. A Genealogy Of Morals The preeminence of the cardinal virtues in medieval moral consciousness presents a Do humanist authors seek inspiration from ancient, notably classical http://www.let.ru.nl/~I.Bejczy/Genealogy.html

A Genealogy of Morals: The Cardinal Virtues in the Middle Ages Nemo enim uirtutes diligenter nouerit qui uitia ignoret (Petrus Abaelardus, Epistola XIII) General considerations The underlying idea of the programme is that Western moral consciousness took shape in the Middle Ages on the basis of ancient traditions, in a process of interaction between religious and profane values. Where both ethical patterns intermingled, norms of general validity have originated which, in rudimentary shape at least, have remained influential up to the present. In the interaction of religious and profane values, the cardinal virtues ( prudentia iustitia fortitudo temperantia ; first formulated by Plato, Politeia 427a sq., and also found in the Old Testament at Sap. 8:7 and 4 Macc 1:18) have played a crucial role. First, the cardinal virtues have been understood to comprise, even in the Christian view, the whole range of human morality in the proper sense: together, they determine the way humans behave in this world, the other moral virtues being derived from, or at least associated with, these four primary concepts. To be sure, the theological virtues ( fides spes caritas ) rank higher in the Christian conception, but these pertain to the celestial destination of human beings and thus are related to the field of spirituality rather than morality (although

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