61. Cicadas Cicadas are insects. They are classified in the order Hemiptera, which includes all Cicadas are the only insects to have developed such an effective and http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/cicada.htm

@import url("../stylesheets/explore_adv.css"); Fact sheets Back to Explore Back to Fact Sheets Cicadas Identification Green Grocer after emerging. Photo: Bill Rudman Cicadas are insects. They are classified in the order Hemiptera, which includes all insects with piercing and sucking mouth-parts. (Other insects in this order are bugs, aphids and scale insects). There are more than 200 Australian species of cicadas, most of which belong to the one large family, the Cicadidae. Adult cicadas have stout bodies with two pairs of wings. The wing spans of the different species range from about 2.5 cm - 15 cm. When not in use, the wings fold back along the sides of the body. The longer fore wing covers the short hind wing, but the wings of each side do not overlap. The fore wing is usually glassy and transparent although in a few species it is dull and opaque. The wings are strengthened by a number of thin, firm veins. Adult cicadas have three pairs of legs all about the same length. The femur (or thigh joint) of the fore leg is thicker than that of the other legs Cicadas have large compound eyes situated one on each side of the head They also have three very small glistening simple eyes (ocelli) on the top of the head. The cicada's antennae (feelers) are quite small and bristle-like.

62. Cicada Mania Dedicated to cicadas, the most amazing insects in the world. Home Tshirts FAQs Links Gallery Video Sound Message Board Email Us http://www.cicadamania.com/

@import url( http://www.cicadamania.com/cicadas/wp-content/themes/classic/style.css ); Skip to Cicada News or Navigation Cicada Mania Dedicated to cicadas , the most amazing insects in the world. Home T-shirts FAQs Links ... Email Us September 15, 2005 New Cicada Links Filed under: Cicadas Misc. The Insect Company has a nice gallery of exotic cicadas . (thx Roy) . A news story that features a nice picture of a pink-eyed cicada. (thx Roy) Animal Trek is a directory of animal web sites, including cicada and insect web sites. Comments (0) September 6, 2005 New Cicada Photos and African Cicadas Filed under: Cicadas Misc. Tibicen Gallery: Gallery: Link: African Cicadas Comments (1) September 5, 2005 Mystery Cicada 2 is a Tibicen dorsata Filed under: Tibicen Tim McNary wrote: This site has a pic of a Tibicen dealbatus and a Tibicen dorsata David and Gerry said it was a Tibicen dorsata. This picture clinches it! Comments (6) September 1, 2005 Help for Katrina Victims Filed under: Uncategorized Yes, I know this is a cicada site, but I have to post this: I borrowed from CNN Donate cash The United Way The Red Cross American Red Cross (800) HELP NOW (435-7669) English; (800) 257-7575 Spanish

63. Cicada Invasion Begins: Eastern U.S. Beset By Bugs Brood X has arrived. Are you ready? Billions of black, shrimpsize bugs with transparent wings and beady red eyes are beginning to carpet trees, buildings, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0329_040329_cicadas.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Cicada Invasion Begins: Eastern U.S. Beset by Bugs John Roach for National Geographic News Updated May 11, 2004 Brood X has arrived. Are you ready? Billions of black, shrimp-size bugs with transparent wings and beady red eyes are beginning to carpet trees, buildings, poles, and just about anything else vertical in a wide region of the U.S. The invasion zone stretches from the eastern seaboard west through Indiana and south to Tennessee. The message board on the Cicada Mania Web site, managed by Dan Century in Metuchen, New Jersey, was abuzz Tuesday with news of cicada sightings. Dan from Silver Spring, Maryland, wrote: "Our 60 year old house and the surrounding yard are now covered with them. It was quite amusing watching my wife (who has never experienced the cicada before) sprint to her car with an umbrella over her head." Angie in North Springfield, Maryland, wrote: "Their little carcasses are stuck to my walls. I swept away about a dozen off the front porch yesterday. I awoke this morning and one of my large Hosta plants in the back yard is covered."

64. Audubon: True Nature Audubon magazine demystifies cicadas, nature s strangest symphony. insect Opera. After a 17year silence, cicadas will creep out of their underground http://magazine.audubon.org/truenature/truenature0005.html

Insect Opera After a 17-year silence, cicadas will creep out of their underground chambers this spring to fill the Appalachian forests with a deafening noise. by T. Edward Nickens illustration by Jane Watkins I stepped toward the trees and quelled a flutter in my gut. I harbor few phobias, and none regarding insects. But a biologist friend had warned me about this. It's like a movie, he'd said. A horror film to most folks. If you go, you'd better really, really like bugs. A typical North Carolina Piedmont forest bordered the two-lane blacktopoaks and pines, mostly, nodding over American holly, sassafras, and greenbrier. And from trunk to topmost twig, every parcel of vertical real estate in sight crawled with cicadas. I moved gingerly from tree to tree, eyeball to compound eyeball. Hundreds of individuals sheathed each tree trunk; hundreds more clasped each branch. An inch long and plump as my finger, most of them clung unmoving to bark and leaf. Others marched slowly upward, lending to entire trees the illusion of movement. High in the canopy, thousands more careened from bough to leafy bough like legions of tiny bats. I could not rest my hand on a branch without squashing a few. I could not take a step without crushing a handful more. And I could barely hear myself think. The chorusing of the male cicadas was deafening, a hellish clatter of ticks and buzzes so loud it sounded as if the earth were groaning in pain. I began to yell, an unscientific gauge of the collective din. I heard my own voice only as the strain of screaming made my throat hurt.

65. Periodical Cicadas Insects don t have bones. They are encased in their skeletons. cicada emerging from its Really, cicadas are fascinating and wonderful insects! http://www.backyardnature.net/metamorf.htm

I n the spring of 2004, much of the US's eastern coast experienced something amazing. People went into their backyards at night and saw sights similar to that at the right. Thousands of six-legged, honey-colored critters were seen crawling up shrubs, trees, fences, and birdbaths! This picture was taken by J. A. Pyle in Beltsville, Maryland. Most people already knew what was happening because local TV stations and newspapers had informed them that the honey-colored things were the immature stages, or nymphs, of Periodical Cicadas. Cicadas are members of the Homoptera, family Cicadidae , genus Magicicada The deal is that seventeen years earlier adult cicadas had laid eggs in neighborhood trees. Later most of the twigs probably died or weakened, then snapped on a breezy day, broke off, and fell to the ground. What hatched from the egg inside the twig was not a small version of the adult cicada shown at the left with red eyes, but rather a small, wingless version of the brown thing at the bottom of the picture. The brown thing then for 17 years burrowed underground feeding on roots. Then a couple of days before I made the picture at the left, the brown thing climbed up the trunk of a tree, dug its claws into the underside of a leaf, and then the brittle shell split open along its back. The picture at the left shows only one insect. The brownish item on the leaf below is nothing but the discarded external skeleton, or

66. Sounds | Iowa State Entomology Index Of Internet Resources Homoptera (aphids, scale insects, leafhoppers, cicadas). Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics Ohio State University; cicada Mania - sightings, videos, http://www.ent.iastate.edu/list/directory/152/vid/4

@import "misc/drupal.css"; Iowa State Entomology Index of Internet Resources The directory and search engine of insect-related resources on the Internet. About Participate! Random Login You are here: Home Sounds Directory search: Advanced Sort by: alphabetical taxonomic group entomological subdiscipline Become an Editor Help build the most comprehensive entomological directory on the web! Sign Up What's in your state? Choose Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Sounds, by Taxonomic Group Blattodea (cockroaches) Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics - Ohio State University Myths and Science of Cricket Chirps - hissing cockroach and cricket chirping Coleoptera (beetles) Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics - Ohio State University Insect Sounds from the Forests of Northern Thailand - crickets, cicadas, and even a sampling of "the blessed silence when the cicadas have stopped"

67. Entomology Web Sites: Common Insects Home Common Insects, Antlions, Aphids, cicada, Crickets, Earwigs Sounds of cicadas from Slovenia and Istria (Croatia); Sucking Insects (cicadas) http://www.isis.vt.edu/~fanjun/text/Link_spec01.html

Common Insects (a-e) Home Common Insects Antlions Aphids ... Earwigs Antlions Antlions (Denizens Of The Sand) WAYNE'S WORD Antlion movies antlions in action! Antlion Pit: A Doodlebug Anthology Lions and Tigers in the Sand Michigan Entomological Society NEUROPTERA-L Lacewings, alderflies, dobsonflies, snakeflies, mantisflies, antlions NeuroWeb the Neuropterists' home page Yahoo's Antlion Page Aphids Aphids University of Delaware Aphids from Virginia TECH Aphids from National Parks Service Aphid Behavior in Relation to Host-Plant Selection and Crop Protection by Charles J. Hawley Aphids on Trees and Shrubs from Ohio State University Balsam Twig Aphid from Virginia TECH Balsam Woolly Adelgid from Virginia TECH Fungicides Impact Aphid Control Radcliffe, Edward B Greenbug Aphid and Its Control from Ohio State University Green Peach Aphids University of Florida Hickory Leaf Stem Gall Aphid from Virginia TECH War on the Aphids BY RON DAINES Cicada Cicadas: General from North Carolina State University 1996: Year of the Cicadas Boyer's home page Cicada in Chinese Floklore from Cultural Entomology Cicadas: in Florida Book of Record Cicadas in Greek Culture from Curtural Entomology Cicada Killer Wasp University of Kentucky Cicada Sound by Klaus Riede Cicada songs from Borneo Cicadadae by Thaddeus W. Harris

68. Periodical Cicada - Penn State Entomology Department Fact Sheet Periodical cicadas are spectacular insects, often making sudden and dramatic Dogday cicadas, Tibicen spp., are mostly large, blackish insects usually http://www.ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/periodical_cicada.htm

69. Insects In The Wet Tropics - The Singing Cicadas Insects The Singing cicadas. The cicada has a fascinating life cycle, but most of us only become aware of these insects in summer when they reach http://www.wettropics.gov.au/pa/pa_cicadas.html

search site map library links ... the community Insects - The Singing Cicadas The cicada has a fascinating life cycle, but most of us only become aware of these insects in summer when they reach adulthood and begin their drone-like call. Not all cicadas have simple, loud calls - some, like the Golden Emperor, have complicated songs. The summertime call of the cicada is made by the adult male to attract females (like frogs do). Their eggs are laid in scratches cut through tree bark, although there are some exceptions to this. Once breeding has been completed, the adults die. When the eggs hatch, the larvae drop to the ground and burrow under the soil. The larvae attach themselves to tree roots and feed on the sap - this stage in their life cycle is called a 'nymph' stage. They spend as little as several months for some species or as long as several years for other species buried under ground, periodically shedding their skin as they grow. When they have reached maturity, the cicada nymphs emerge from the soil as a group and climb onto a vertical surface. They shed their skin for the last time to become adult cicadas with their characteristic heavily-veined, transparent wings. Their empty nymph skin is commonly seen attached to trees and fence posts during summer and it is a diagnostic feature for cicada species identification. A few days after emerging from the soil, the males call for a mate and the cycle begins again.

70. People Already Abuzz Over 17-year Cicadas Songs, parties, mascots celebrating the May return of 5 billion noisy insects He s even planning a cicada Cocktail Contest featuring bugthemed, http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/02/29/loc_cicadas29.html

71. Cicada In Chinese Folklore, Cultural Entomology Digest 3 Cultural Entomology exposes how insects play a major role in almost every aspect of human culture. Discover just how long insects have influenced the http://www.insects.org/ced3/cicada_chfolk.html

by Garland Riegel, ( bibliography Reproduced with permission from the Melsheimer Entomological Series (a publication of the Entomological Society of Pennsylvania.) Akihide Cicada Netsuke Chinese Jade Girde-Pendant Han Dynasty, 206-220 B.C. Chinese Tongue Amulet brown jade Han Dynasty, 206-220 B.C. Japanese Cicada Netsuke Some anthropologists and archaeologists have known for years that the ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality (4, 12, 16) in much the same way as the early Egyptians thought of the sacred scarab. Unlike the latter case, however, few western entomologists are aware of cicada symbolism used by the early Chinese. It is not mentioned in any English language entomology textbook of which I am aware. It is noted in Lucy Clausen's remarkable little book, Insect Fact and Folklore (10). While on the subject of medicine, Clausen (10) reports that "One of the most interesting and remarkable species of cicada in the Orient is Huechys sanguinea. There it is called `chu-ki,' and also "The red medicinal cicada." It has brilliant red and black markings and is the only known cicada used as a blistering agent." Chou (9) says that "Some of them [insects in Chinese pharmacy] have been used up to the present day, e.g. the exuviae of cicadas as an anti-febrile..." Needham (21) in speaking of alchemy and chemistry in ancient China says: "Several alchemists are mentioned in official historiography of the time. The Chin Shu (History of the Chin Dynasty)" stated "Then there was Shan Tao-Khai, a contemporary of the Central Asian missionary monk and thaumaturgist Fo-Thu-Teng (fl. +310); he achieved a cicada-like metamorphosis by ingesting pills." Needham (19) in discussing scientific thought in ancient China, tells of Ko Hung (fl. +325), the great alchemist in Chinese history." It was reported that "Someone said to Ko Hung:... How is it possible for us human beings to find a method which will give constant youth to those who must grow old, or to revive those who must die? And yet you say that (by the power of alchemy) you can cause a cicada to live for a year. ...Don't you think you are wrong?"

72. O. Orkin Insect Zoo: Student Resources Component--Homoptera Periodical cicadas are among the longest living insects, with some living for 17 years. Male cicadas are also the world s loudest insects. http://insectzoo.msstate.edu/Students/homoptera.html

Class Hexapoda Order: Homoptera Common NameCicadas, Leafhoppers, Aphids, Scale Insects, and Others Names The order Homoptera is pronounced "ho-MOP-ter-a". This scientific name comes from the Greek words "homo", which means same, and "ptera", which means wings. This name refers to the fact that the front wings, when present, are uniform in structure being either membranous or slightly thickened. The order Homoptera sometimes is included with the true bugs in Hemiptera. Homoptera includes cicadas, treehoppers, froghoppers (or spittlebugs), leafhoppers, planthoppers, whiteflies, aphids (or plantlice), phylloxerans, and scale insects. Some leafhoppers with pointed heads are called sharpshooters. Scale insects that have soft, waxy coverings are called mealy bugs, and those with hard shells are called armored scales. Diversity More than 32,000 species of Homoptera are found throughout the world. Of these, about 4,000 are cicadas, 8,600 are leafhoppers, and 3,600 are aphids. Many species are yet to be described and named, especially in tropical regions. There are almost 6,400 species of Homoptera in the United States and Canada. Habitats Members of the order Homoptera are plant feeders and are found wherever plants grow. Some Homoptera, such as cicadas, live high in the tops of trees. There are some scale insects that feed on the roots of plants. Some species can be found in ants nests or in rotten logs. Many Homoptera are found in greenhouses or fields where crops are cultivated. There are no Homoptera that live in water.

73. What's That Bug: CIcada Killer Wasps The last few cicada Killer images we have gotten were from dead insects, so we are very happy to see your specimen flying. They build underground nests http://www.whatsthatbug.com/killerwasps.html

Cicada Killer and Cicada what's eating this cicada? (besides the fact that it's dead) Hi Bugman! Love your website, and apologies if this was already covered in a chapter. There are just SO many photos on your site I don't know where to begin! Anyhow, I was outside when I heard a small battle being waged on my lawn, looked over, and saw this (hover fly? wasp?) attacking this cicada. Next thing I knew the cicada ceased to be (it was now an ex-cicada) and the fly/wasp had dragged the cicada over to the nearest tree and started flying/climbing up the trunk. Below is my Kodak moment of this adventure. What is the fly/wasp creature, and what on earth was it doing? Thanks for your help! Curiously Yours, Sandy in Evanston, IL Hi Sandy

74. Science News For Kids: Feature: Prime Time For Cicadas Called periodical cicadas, these insects live only in this part of the world, In fact, periodical cicadas live longer than almost any other insect. http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20040519/Feature1.asp

Home Article Archive Agriculture Animals ... Next Site Search Alex Jeon, NSF Prime Time for Cicadas Emily Sohn E-mail this article Print this article May 19, 2004 If it hasn't happened yet, it could occur any day now. The first signs are little holes in the ground in yards, orchards, and fields. Then, one warm evening, big, red-eyed bugs start crawling out of the holes. The next morning, thousands upon thousands of these black, winged insects, known as cicadas, cover sidewalks, mailboxes, tree branches, and roofs across certain areas of the United States. The loud throb of their alien-sounding, high-pitched screeches fills the air. For the first time in 17 years, such a cicada onslaught is due to hit Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Long Island, Cincinnati, Detroit, and other parts of the Northeast and Midwest. After spending 17 years underground, cicadas are set to emerge in parts of the United States. Alex Jeon, National Science Foundation If you don't like bugs, watch out. For anyone who lives in the invasion area, the cicadas will be impossible to ignore, says David Marshall. He's an evolutionary biologist and cicada expert at the University of Connecticut in Storrs. And, if you're caught by surprise, the experience can be pretty overwhelming. Some people find it downright creepy.

75. Gardening : Insects : Cicadas : Home & Garden Television A close look at the 17year cicadas. And ultimately, in what is considered the world s largest insect swarm, the cicadas march off into droves in search http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/gl_diseases_pests_insects/article/0,1785,HGTV_3580_3168

Program Guide Shows A - Z Decorating Remodeling ... Store SEARCH GARDENING Books / Videos Bulbs / Seeds Cacti / Succulents ... Wildlife Cicadas Gardening by the Yard : Episode GBY-1103 Cicadas emerge after being underground for 17 years. Figure A Figure B Figure C Once every 17 years, like clockwork, an event takes place through a portion of the eastern U.S.the emergence of the Brood X periodical cicada. This curious creature lives underground for 17 years, harmlessly sipping the sap from tree roots, emerging only when its biological alarm clock goes off and soil temperatures hit 64 degrees. The emerging cicadas start out with white bodies, roughly two-inches long, and at this point they're especially vulnerable to predators. But within two or three hours their shells begin to darken ( figure A ) and their wings unfold and dry, thereby enabling them to take to the air ( figure B That same night, they climb the nearest vertical surface and when the time is right, they shed their skins, signaling their transformation into adulthood ( figure C And ultimately, in what is considered the world's largest insect swarm, the cicadas march off into droves in search of treesand the perfect mate. While there, the males produce their mating crya deafening shrill that can be heard up to a mile away.

76. BuGFesT! A handsome adult cicada Are cicadas harmful or dangerous? Like all insects, cicadas have a good balance of vitamins, are low in fat, and the females are http://www.naturalsciences.org/bugfest/bugbios.htm

BugFest 2005 Coming Saturday, August 13 Bug Bios Cicadas Are cicadas harmful or dangerous? Cicadas cannot sting or bite humans or other animals, and they do not carry diseases. What good are cicadas anyway? Periodical cicada years are beneficial to the ecology of the region. Their egg-laying in trees serves as a natural "pruning" that results in increased fruit yields in the succeeding years. Their emergence from the ground turns over large amounts of soil, and after they die, their decaying bodies contribute a large amount of nitrogen to the soil. When do cicadas emerge? Cicadas emerge when the soil temperature exceeds 64 F, which in North Carolina, usually happens in late May. What is a "brood?" Groups of cicadas that share the same emergence are called broods. In the late 1800s, Charles Marlatt, a bureaucrat working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, designated a brood number for all cicadas that emerged during a specific year. The cicadas that will appear in 2004 belong to Brood X: there are 17 years between each Brood X swarm. How many species of periodical cicadas exist?

77. Cicadas - Seven Year Locus - Insect Collections And Specimens Colorful Cicadas, Dragonflys, Nymphs and many other exotic insect specimens. Many other nature artifacts. A MUST SITE TO VISIT!. http://www.einsteins-emporium.com/life/specimens/la536.htm

Specimens Home Mounted Bats Ostrich Eggs Butterflies ... Seashells / Mollusks Also see Insect Reference Insect Collecting Insect Replicas Activity Kits Elsewhere Books on Insects Insect Posters Cicadas, Page 1 Cicada are insects of the order Homoptera. They are medium to large (0.8 to 2 inches), have two pairs of membranous wings, prominent compound eyes, and three simple eyes (ocelli). Most of the species belong to the family Cicadidae. Male cicadas produce loud noises by vibrating membranes (timbals) near the base of the abdomen. Most North American cicadas produce rhythmical ticks, buzzes, or whines, although in some species the "song" is musical. About 1,500 species of cicadas are known; most are tropical and they occur in deserts, grasslands, and forests. In addition to the dog-day cicada ( Tibicen and others) that appears yearly in midsummer, there are also periodic cicadas. Among the most fascinating and best-known are the 17-year cicada (often erroneously called the 17-year locust) and the 13-year cicada (

78. Big Noisy Bug, Mount Everest Weather, ‘seeing’ Electromagnetic Waves With a wingspan of up to eight inches (20 cm), it is a big insect and Adult cicadas hang around in trees high on trunks or among branches and foliage. http://www.wonderquest.com/bug-everest-em.htm

WonderQuest with April Holladay and USA Today A Weekly Column, Nov. 21, 2003 Home Questions Index Ask-a-Question Newsletter ... Freelance Big noisy bug, Mount Everest weather, ‘seeing’ electromagnetic waves Q: Is the loud buzzing sound we hear in the summer due to the heat? Or is it just a big bug in the trees like I always thought? — Nila Singing males [Jim Kalisch, University of Nebraska, Entomology Department] A: It’s a big bug in the trees. With a wingspan of up to eight inches (20 cm), it is a big insect and has the loudest insect voice. At 120 decibels, a cicada rivals a jet engine taking off. It’s so loud that the singing male "stops up his ears" (creases his hearing apparatus) so his own song doesn’t, literally, deafen him. Adult cicadas hang around in trees high on trunks or among branches and foliage. For almost all species, the male does the singing. Some species sing in the heat of the day, others at dusk or dawn. The terrible racket has a purpose — to attract females. "Males in these choruses alternate bouts of singing with short flights until they locate receptive females," says John Cooley, entomologist at the University of Connecticut. Females can hear the males’ call a quarter of a mile (0.4 km) away. The cicada sings louder than grasshoppers or crickets, which rub a ridge over a roughened edge like a fiddle bow. The cicada, on the other hand, makes a popping noise like pressing on the top of a bulging tin can. A pair of resonating chambers amplifies the pop, which he repeats 100 to 500 times a second to make a buzzing roar.

79. Brood X Cicada Highlight FAQ - NMNH Smithsonian need so many specimens of cicadas or other insects in general? Because an average of 7000 new species of insects are named annually by http://abbot.si.edu/highlight/cicadas/faq.htm

NMNH Home What's New ? Calendar of Events Information Desk ... Search Cicada FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) [Cicada Home] Q. When will the periodical cicadas emerge? A. They are expected in mid-May, but will emerge when soil temperatures are in the mid-60s, F. Q. What is their emergence range? A. They will be central to the mid-Atlantic area, and extend from Georgia to Indiana to New Jersey, appearing in some 15 states. [Note: Click Here to see a detailed Brood X map . Or, Click Here to see a small-scale composite map of more brood ranges. These and other detailed brood maps can be found at the Periodical Cicada Page , from the Univ. of Michigan Museum of Zoology. REF: http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/fauna/michigan_cicadas/Periodical/Index.html Q. Periodical cicadas were in Virginia last year. What does that mean?

80. Entomology | Invasion Of The Brood | Economist.com Glenn Webb has produced a model charting the lifecycle of cicadas. Gene Kritsky also studies the insects and has helped set up cicada Watch 2004. http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2647052

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