141. Cholera - Onmeda: Medizin Und Gesundheit Translate this page cholera - eine ernstzunehmende Seuchenkrankheit. Wo kommt sie her, was löst sie aus, wie kann man sich schützen, was ist bei Infektionsverdacht zu tun, http://www.onmeda.de/krankheiten/cholera.html

UNTERNEHMEN JOBS WERBUNG KONTAKT ... Aktuelles Sie befinden sich hier: Startseite Krankheiten Cholera Suche auf Onmeda Cholera Definition Ursachen Symptome Diagnose ... Krankheiten A-Z Cholera Die Cholera ist eine durch das Bakterium Vibrio cholerae ausgelöste Durchfallerkrankung, die unbehandelt in bis zu 60% der Fälle tödlich endet. Die Übertragung der Bakterien erfolgt in erster Linie durch mit Fäkalien kontaminiertes Trinkwasser. Die Vibrionen bilden ein Gift (Exotoxin), das im Darm zu massiven Flüssigkeitsverlusten führt - bis zu 20 Liter pro Tag! Typisch sind die plötzlich einsetzenden, schmerzlosen wässrigen Durchfälle ("Reiswasserstühle"). Fieber tritt meist nicht auf, dafür Übelkeit und ggf. Erbrechen. Durch den großen Verlust an Flüssigkeit und Mineralien (Elektrolyten) kommt es zu starken Muskelkrämpfen, einer Entgleisung des Stoffwechsels bis hin zum Schock. Unbehandelt sterben Cholera-Patienten durch den Kreislaufkollaps und das Nierenversagen. Cholera Definition Ursachen Symptome Diagnose ... Ratgeber Partnerangebote: MS-Life - Mehr als Rat und Tat Fit mit Nordic Walking Neuartige Diabetestherapie!

142. Afghan Capital On Verge Of Cholera Outbreak - Infectious Diseases - MSNBC.com Authorities chlorinated wells across the Afghan capital amid fears the city of 4 million people was on the verge of a cholera epidemic. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8231960/

Skip navigation Health Health Library Katrina's Impact ... Most Popular NBC NEWS MSNBC TV Today Show Nightly News Meet the Press ... Infectious Diseases Afghan capital on verge of cholera outbreak Authorities chlorinate hundreds of wells to avert crisis KABUL, Afghanistan - Authorities chlorinated wells across the Afghan capital Wednesday amid fears the city of 4 million people was on the verge of a cholera epidemic. The waterborne disease has killed eight or nine people and is suspected of infecting more than 2,000, said Fred Hartman, an epidemiologist with a U.S.-supported health project. Abdullah Fahim, an adviser to the health minister, put the death toll at six, up from three Tuesday. Fahim said there was no reason to panic, but hospitals pitched dozens of tents on their grounds in case of a surge of patients. The NATO-led international security force in Kabul used a radio station and a newspaper it controls to tell the public about sanitary steps that help avoid the disease, a potentially fatal intestinal ailment generally spread by contaminated water and food. Fahim said all major water sources, including reservoirs, had been chlorinated. He said teams also had treated about 700 wells, which are the main source of water for many people in Kabul. He said the city is thought to have thousands of wells.

143. Fowl Cholera Fowl cholera has occurred only once in Michigan and that was in a green heron. The mechanism of spread of avian cholera among waterfowl is unknown. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26650--,00.html

Skip Navigation Michigan.gov Home DNR Home Links ... Ask DNR document.form2.SearchCriteria.size=10; Wildlife Conservation Strategy Landowner Incentive Program Michigan Breeding Bird Atlas Michigan Bird Conservation Initiative ... [Text Version] Fowl Cholera Description and Distribution Fowl cholera is an infectious avian disease caused by the bacterium, Pasteurella multocida . A wide variety of wild and domestic birds are susceptible and outbreaks of fowl cholera are not uncommon among wild waterfowl. Fowl cholera can be acute or chronic, generalized or local and is characterized by sudden onset with high morbidity and high mortality. Fowl cholera is said to be a disease of overcrowding, spread by contact between healthy and ill birds, in an environment contaminated with Pasteurella organisms. Stress appears to be an important factor in breaking down the bird's resistance. Cold, damp weather predisposes birds to this disease and outbreaks are generally seen during the winter months in overwintering waterfowl flocks. The only existing enzootic areas of fowl cholera in the world are the Muleshoe National Refuge in Texas, in north central California and in the rainwater basin in Nebraska where periodic winter outbreaks occur. Sporadic outbreaks have occurred in other areas of the U.S. during the winter months, with Wisconsin and Illinois being the states closest to Michigan with fowl cholera cases.

144. Cholera Translate this page Die cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrionen) verursachte Infektionskrankheit. Nur ganz vereinzelt wird die cholera nach Deutschland importiert. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/de/laenderinfos/gesundheitsdienst/merkblatt/c

var imagepath ="/www/de/"; AA-Homepage Gesundheitsdienst Merkblätter Cholera Cholera Bitte beachten Sie in jedem Fall den untenstehenden Haftungsausschluss. Die Infektion Das Krankheitsbild Die Diagnose Die Therapie Schutz gegen Cholera Choleraregeln Die Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrionen) verursachte Infektionskrankheit. Es handelt sich um eine Darmerkrankung, daher werden die Erreger nur mit dem Stuhl oder Erbrochenen ausgeschieden. Sie ist weitverbreitet in Ländern mit mangelnder Hygiene (Fernost, Afrika, Süd- und Mittelamerika). Nur ganz vereinzelt wird die Cholera nach Deutschland importiert. Das Erkrankungsrisiko ist für Normaltouristen und Entsandte äußerst gering. Strikte Einhaltung der Lebensmittel-, Trinkwasser- und Körperhygiene sind die wichtigsten Vorbeugemaßnahmen. Die Infektion: Sie erfolgt über Essen und Trinken und anderes Verhalten, bei dem die Bakterien in den Mund und den Verdauungskanal gelangen können. Die Erreger stammen - von einem chronischen (aber subjektiv gesunden) Dauerausscheider, oder - aus entsprechend verschmutztem Wasser bzw. Lebensmitteln, oder

145. Cholera.diaryland.com * Spring 2003 - 1022 am - 2003-11-28. /diary . Previous // Next Archived Guestbook Notes Profile Rings Images Septicity.com SidewalkVagina.com http://cholera.diaryland.com/

- 10:22 a.m. - 2003-11-28 Previous Next Archived Guestbook ... Diaryland.com

146. Patron Saints Index: Cholera cholera. Roch Saints Index Page Catholic Community Forum Contact Author Message Board. http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pst01140.htm

PATRON SAINT INDEX TOPIC cholera Roch Saints Index Page Catholic Community Forum Contact Author ... Message Board

147. Reportable Infectious Diseases And Conditions cholera Information Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - English Version cholera Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.idph.state.il.us/health/infect/reportdis/cholera.htm

Cholera Cholera Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - English Version Cholera Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Spanish Version ... Portugues Version Illinois Department of Public Health 535 West Jefferson Street Springfield, Illinois 62761 Phone 217-782-4977 Fax 217-782-3987 TTY 800-547-0466 Questions or Comments

148. Evolution: Library: Cholera: Domesticating Disease The case study of the 1991 cholera epidemic in South America is the backdrop for this segment. That s the case with the bug that causes cholera . http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/10/4/l_104_01.html

Cholera: Domesticating Disease This segment from Evolution: "The Evolutionary Arms Race" features the work of biologist Paul Ewald , who studies the evolution of virulence of disease organisms. The case study of the 1991 cholera epidemic in South America is the backdrop for this segment. Ewald describes how, over a few years time, society can steer the evolution of such pathogens toward becoming more mild. Credits: View in: QuickTime RealPlayer Resource Type: Video Format: QuickTime or RealPlayer Length: 4 min, 52 sec Topics Covered: Why Evolution Matters Backgrounder Cholera: Domesticating Disease: Charles Darwin himself most likely could not have imagined the impact of his ideas on the way today's scientists interpret the spread and power of infectious diseases. Scientists are using evolutionary concepts to explain why some viruses and bacteria are highly virulent and life-threatening, while others reside in their hosts with few, if any, ill effects. By formulating mathematical models from evolutionary forces at play, scientists are beginning to predict patterns of disease transmission and their levels of virulence. Understanding these concepts, one has to look at infections from the point of view of the

149. AllAfrica.com Sudan Cholera Hits Sudan Camp allAfrica African news and information for a global audience. http://allafrica.com/stories/200507251627.html

150. Vaccine Information Statement-Cholera Vaccine cholera vaccine is a suspension of two strains of killed cholera bacteria in saline cholera vaccine is about 50% effective in preventing disease. http://depts.washington.edu/druginfo/Vaccine/HealthDept/Cholera.html

Note to UWMC/HMC patients: If you have questions on this information, please consult your UWMC/HMC health care provider. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT CHOLERA VACCINE Please read carefully WHAT IS CHOLERA? Cholera is a disease that is usually caused by consumption of fecally contaminated water and food and is most likely to occur in parts of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. CHOLERA VACCINE: Cholera vaccine is a suspension of two strains of killed cholera bacteria in saline solution. Phenol is added as a preservative. Cholera vaccine is about 50% effective in preventing disease. The indications for cholera vaccine are travel to or from and residence in countries with cholera. Cholera vaccine is not recommended for infants under six (6) months of age. The best protection is to avoid contaminated food and water. Vaccination for cholera is not a substitute for careful food and water consumption. Some countries require cholera immunization for persons entering the country, especially when arriving from another country where cholera occurs. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: The primary immunization series consists of two (2) doses of vaccine given one week to one month apart. For persons who are to be vaccinated in the US because of anticipated travel to a country requiring cholera for entrance, a single dose of vaccine is sufficient to satisfy international health regulations. With the threat or occurrence of epidemic cholera, health authorities of some countries may require evidence of a complete primary series of two (2) doses or a booster within six (6) months before arrival.

151. Poultry Diseases - Fowl Cholera This is a contagious bacterial disease of worldwide distribution caused by Pasteurella multocida. The disease affects domesticated as well as wild birds. http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/poultry/5357.html

Access keys Skip to primary navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content ... Safe, sustainable systems Poultry diseases - Fowl cholera Fowl cholera is a contagious bacterial disease of world wide distribution caused by Pasteurella multocida. The disease affects many types of domesticated and wild birds. Fowl cholera may be acute with sudden or rapid death or may be chronic. Losses usually occur in birds over 16 weeks of age. Signs of infection Acute Often sudden death is the only sign. Fever, loss of appetite, ruffled feathers, mucous discharge from the mouth, green watery diarrhoea and respiratory difficulty may be seen. Other signs include cyanosis (bluish – purple discolouration) and swelling of the comb and wattles. Birds that survive become chronically infected or recover while others die through emaciation and dehydration. Chronic This may result following partial recovery or from infection with organisms of low virulence (strength). Signs include localised swelling in joints, foot pad, eyes and throat. Birds that recover may remain carriers. Lesions Peracute Lesions may be entirely absent.

152. Guidelines For Cholera Control Issues on prevention of disease outbreak, control of cholera, treatment of patients, This document, Guidelines for cholera Control was compiled by the http://www.doh.gov.za/issues/cholera/guidelines.html

Guidelines for Cholera Control National Department of Health Directorate: Communicable Disease Control Sub-Directorate: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Pretoria, June 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Print this document (14 pages) Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. The Etiology of Cholera Infectious Agent Clinical Presentation of Cholera Reservoir Mode of Transmission Incubation Period Period of Communicability Population at Risk 3. Epidemic Preparedness 4. Prevention and Control Preventive Measures Public Awareness Control of Patients, Contacts and Environment 5. Surveillance Bacterial Surveillance Environmental Surveillance Reporting Notification According to International Health Regulations 6. Treatment Management of Cholera Patient Antibiotics Vaccines Prophylaxis General measures 7. Training 8. Intersectoral Collaboration Annexure A Annexure B ... Form to apply for copies of this document PREFACE Since the early 1970’s, cholera has been endemic in the Southern part of the African region. Since then, South Africa has been actively involved in the prevention, control and treatment of cholera. Cholera outbreaks in the early 1980’s were used as training grounds for the South African Health System in so far as prevention and control of infectious diseases is concerned. Various strategies and outbreak response mechanisms were employed at various levels of care. The experiences learnt in the 1980’s provided a wealth of knowledge, which culminated into the compilations of guidelines for the control of cholera outbreaks not only in South Africa but also in other developing countries throughout the world. So as not to loose what was learnt in the 1980’s, the National Department of Health developed guideline on the control of cholera in 1998.

153. David Gratzer On Public Health On National Review Online In 1854, cholera was killing Londoners, claiming 500 people in just over ten days. How is it that public health has gone from cholera to school choice? http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/gratzer200402120851.asp

cddcodebase = "/";cddcodebase454632 = "/"; HELP E-mail Author Send to a Friend Print Version February 12, 2004, 8:51 a.m. Cadbury Replaces Cholera Can government make us healthier? By David Gratzer W your choices their business. in the household. During an interview with a local paper, Rondeau waxed poetic about the need for citizens to appreciate not only the health differences between a green leafy vegetable and a double bacon cheeseburger, but also to make the right choice between them. He hopes to push people in that direction. Let's be clear. Rondeau won't be doing any random checks on Canadian kitchens, looking for evil hamburger meat or saintly asparagus. Despite his grand ambitions, there are limitations to his present job: He doesn't have a staff beyond his secretary. In other words, Rondeau's title is august while his political stature is small. But his appointment illustrates the biggest trend in public health, from the community to your house. This medical heroism may be the most spectacular success in public health, but it hardly stands out as the only one. Indeed, the advances made by smart public-health initiatives in the first half of the twentieth century resulted in a greater extension of life expectancy than the dazzling medical discoveries made in the latter half. My colleagues would have you believe that open-heart surgery and MRIs are the medical miracles of the past century, but clean water and infectious-disease control deserve more credit.

154. HOG CHOLERA Hog cholera (HC) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine that occurs in an Although minor antigenic variants of hog cholera virus (HCV) have been http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/hoc.htm

BACK MENU NEXT PART IV FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES HOG CHOLERA ( Note: The preferred term for this disease is now classical swine fever.) (Classical swine fever, peste du porc, colera porcina, Virusschweinepest) Definition Hog cholera (HC) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine that occurs in an acute, a subacute, a chronic, or a persistent form. In the acute form, the disease is characterized by high fever, severe depression, multiple superficial and internal hemorrhages, and high morbidity and mortality. In the chronic form, the signs of depression, anorexia, and fever are less severe than in the acute form, and recovery is occasionally seen in mature animals. Transplacental infection with viral strains of low virulence often results in persistently infected piglets, which constitute a major cause of virus dissemination to noninfected farms. Etiology Although minor antigenic variants of hog cholera virus (HCV) have been reported, there is only one serotype. Hog cholera virus is a lipid-enveloped pathogen belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus . The organism has a close antigenic relationship with the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the border disease virus (BDV), as demonstrated in the immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence tests. The serum neutralization test can, however, differentiate between HCV and BVDV. In a protein-rich environment, HCV is very stable and can survive for months in refrigerated meat and for years in frozen meat. The virus is sensitive to drying (desiccation) and is rapidly inactivated by a pH of less than 3 and greater than 11.

155. Hardships On The Oregon-Trail cholera Perhaps the biggest problem on the Trail was a mysterious and deadly cholera killed more emigrants than anything else. In a bad year, http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Hardships.html

Web oregon-trail Hardships Walking 2,000 miles barefootand that was the easy part River Crossings River crossings were a constant source of distress for the pioneers. Hundreds drowned trying to cross the Kansas, North Platte and Columbia Riversamong others. In 1850 alone, 37 people drowned trying to cross one particularly difficult riverthe Green. Emigrant John B. Hill: "The ferryman allowed too many passengers to get in the boat, and the water came within two inches of the gunwale. He ordered every man to stand steady as the boat was liable to swamp. When we were nearly across the edge of the boat dipped; I thought the boat would be swamped instantly and drowned the last one of us." Those who didn't drown were usually fleeced. The charge ranged up to 16 dollars; almost the price of an oxen. One ferry earned $65,000 in just one summer. The emigrants complained bitterly.

156. Meine Gesundheit: Cholera http://www.meine-gesundheit.de/281.0.html

SEITE EMPFEHLEN STARTSEITE VOLLTEXTSUCHE www.meine-gesundheit.de Im Medikamentenratgeber GESUNDHEITSRATGEBER Häufigste Ursachen, was Sie tun können, wann Sie zum Arzt müssen, Vorbeugung... alphabetisch thematisch NEWSLETTER Hier können Sie unseren kostenlosen Newsletter abonnieren oder Ihr Abonnement verändern THEMEN SUCHE DRUCKVERSION CHOLERA Ursachen / Ausbreitung Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrio cholerae) verursachte Erkrankung. Die Erreger gelangen mit den menschlichen Ausscheidungen in die Abwässer und von dort ins Trinkwasser und in bestimmte Lebensmittel (Milch, Muscheln). Etwa jeder 5. Infizierte erkrankt, besonders anfällig sind unterernährte Personen. Alle Infizierten, auch die nichterkrankten, scheiden den Erreger aber aus und können somit die Ausbreitung der Erkrankung fördern. Cholera tritt dort auf, wo es mangelnde Hygiene, Armut, Hunger oder Krieg gibt. Die letzte Choleraepidemie gab es in Deutschland vor etwa 100 Jahren in Hamburg und sie konnte erst dann eingedämmt werden, als man für sauberes Trinkwasser und die Sanierung der schlechten hygienischen Verhältnisse gesorgt hatte. Symptome Einige Tage nach der Infektion kommt es zu massiven wässerigen Durchfällen und zu starkem Erbrechen., die eine knappe Woche anhalten. Die Erkrankten können bis zu 10 Liter Flüssigkeit täglich verlieren. Wenn die Flüssigkeit, und die damit verlorenen Elektrolyte (Salze), nicht ersetzt werden, kommt es zu Austrocknungserscheinungen. Bei abheben der Haut bleiben Falten stehen, es besteht ein starkes Durstgefühl, es treten Muskelkrämpfe auf und schließlich kann es zu einem lebensbedrohlichen Kreislaufkollaps kommen.

157. Cholera Vaccine Adverse Reactions Transverse myelitis following cholera, typhoid and polio vaccination. JR Soc Med. Acute renal failure after TAB and cholera vaccination. http://www.whale.to/vaccines/cholera.html

Cavaliere T, D'Isanto R, Palmieri A. [Serologic changes induced by anticholera vaccine]. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1974 Sep-Oct;29(5):503-4. Italian. No abstract available. PMID: 4451166; UI: 75106158 Colucci D'Amato FC, Feis P. [Psychiatric complications due to anticholera vaccination with reference to 2 clinical cases]. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1974 Sep-Oct;29(5):534-6. Italian. No abstract available.PMID: 4451169; UI: 75106163 D'Costa DF, Cooper A, Pye IF. Transverse myelitis following cholera, typhoid and polio vaccination. J R Soc Med. 1990 Oct;83(10):653. No abstract available. PMID: 2286971; UI: 91140505 Driehorst J, Laubenthal F. [Acute myocarditis after cholera vaccination]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1984 Feb 3;109(5):197-8. German. No abstract available. PMID: 6697911; UI: 84131654 Eisinger AJ, Smith JG. Acute renal failure after TAB and cholera vaccination. Br Med J. 1979 Feb 10;1(6160):381-2. No abstract available. PMID: 761023; UI: 79104630 Gavrilesco S, Streian C, Constantinesco L. [Associated ventricular tachycardia and auricular fibrillation after anticholera vaccination]. Acta Cardiol. 1973;28(1):89-94. French. No abstract available.

158. Vaccines For Preventing Cholera (Cochrane Review) Abstract of a systematic review of the effects of health care prepared by the Cochrane Collaboration. http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/AB000974.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005 Vaccines for preventing cholera (Cochrane Review) Graves P, Deeks J, Demicheli V, Pratt M, Jefferson T ABSTRACT What's new in this issue Search abstracts Browse alphabetical list of titles Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 31 August 2000. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Oral cholera vaccines are newer alternatives to the parenteral vaccines which have been thought to confer only moderate and short-term immunity. Objectives: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of cholera vaccines in preventing cases of cholera and preventing deaths. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group trials register, Medline, Embase and reference lists of articles. We handsearched the journal Vaccine, contacted researchers in the field and manufacturers. Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised studies comparing cholera vaccines (killed or live) with placebo, control vaccines or no intervention, or comparing types, doses or schedules of cholera vaccine. We included adults and children irrespective of immune status or special risk category. Data collection and analysis: Data extraction and assessment of trial quality was done independently by two reviewers.

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