121. Seuchengeschichte - Titelseite cholera, Pest, Pocken, Tuberkulose und ihre Bek¤mpfung. Ausz¼ge aus dem Ausstellungsband Das grosse Sterben Seuchen machen Geschichte des Deutschen HygieneMuseums Dresden. http://www.gapinfo.de/gesundheitsamt/alle/seuche/infekt/sg/index.htm

122. Cholera cholera is a severe diarrheal illness that spreads through contaminated water. The great irony is that unlike many infectious diseases, cholera is http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/00579.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Autos SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters Your E-mail Alerts RSS ... Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com In association with: INFECTIOUS DISEASE Bacterial Lyme disease Meningitis Pneumonia Toxic shock syndrome ... Kidney infection INFORMATION CENTERS: Pick a category Health Centers Family Health Men's Health Women's Health Children's Health Seniors' Health Working Life Pain Management Condition Centers Immune System Allergy Alzheimer's Arthritis Respiratory System Cancer Endocrine System Digestive System Heart and Blood Infectious Disease Mental Health Note: All links within content go to MayoClinic.com Diseases and Conditions Cholera From MayoClinic.com Special to CNN.com Overview Cholera is a severe diarrheal illness that spreads through contaminated water. Left untreated, it can cause death in a matter of hours. Modern sewage and water treatment facilities have virtually eliminated cholera in industrialized nations; the last major cholera outbreak in the United States occurred in 1911. But the illness is still present in much of the world, particularly India and sub-Saharan Africa. The risk of epidemics is highest when poverty, war or natural disasters force people to live in crowded conditions without adequate sanitation. The great irony is that unlike many infectious diseases, cholera is easily treated. Death results from severe dehydration, which can be prevented with a simple and inexpensive rehydration solution.

123. Cholera cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium . It results in profuse, watery diarrhea. http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/000303.html

Search HealthScout Web MEDLINE Special Offers TV Specials Chronic Pain Erectile Dysfunction GERD Diabetes ... High Tech Health Top Features Bipolar Disorder Resources Sleep Skin Cancer Vision ... Diabetes Resources Healthscout News 3D Health Animations Health Videos Health Encyclopedia ... Drug Library Drug Information Drug Search Drug Interactions Image Database Pill Identifier Channels Home Today Women Men ... Drug Checker Medical Health Encyclopedia Cholera Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Cholera Definition: Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . It results in profuse, watery diarrhea. Alternative Names: V. cholerae; Vibrio Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Cholera is an acute illness characterized by watery diarrhea . The toxin released by the bacteria causes increased secretion of water and chloride ions in the intestine, which can produce massive diarrhea. Death can result from the severe dehydration brought on by the diarrhea. Cholera occurs in epidemics when conditions of poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine are present. Endemic areas include India, Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean, and more recently, South and Central America, and Mexico. The infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water.

124. WHO | Cholera Directory of resources concerning cholera and its vaccine. http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/cholera/en/

All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topics ... Links Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR) WHO WHO sites Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR) Infectious diseases Cholera Disease burden. During 2001, 58 countries officially notified WHO of a total of 184 311 cases (one third more than in 2000) and 2 728 deaths. The reported overall case-fatality rate (CFR) has dropped to 1.48% with regards to the 3.6% reported in 2000. This absolute decline in CFR reflects contrasting realities, as CFR for South Africa is very low (0.22%) whereas rates of up to 30% have been observed in other parts of Africa. Continue Background Objectives Key documents Links Disease outbreak news - cholera (updated regularly) [new window] Cholera : basic facts for travellers [new window] CDC cholera information [new window] Fact sheets Cholera fact sheet (in English) [new window] Cholera fact sheet (in French) [new window] Epidemic dysentery fact sheet (in English) [new window] Epidemic dysentery fact sheet (in French) [new window] Meetings WHO Diarrhoeal Diseases Steering Committee, Montreux, Switzerland, 10-11 September 2003

125. Cholera Fact Disease The major responsibilities of the Communicable Disease Control Program are to identify disease outbreaks, respond rapidly to suspect and confirmed diseases http://health.utah.gov/els/epidemiology/epifacts/cholera.html

DELS Home Page Communicable Disease Control Epidemiology Communicable Disease ... Utah Public Health Lab Cholera (*PDF version) for printing. What is cholera? Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae . The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Who gets cholera? Although cholera is extremely rare in the United States, anyone can get cholera if they drink water or eat food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an outbreak situation, the source of contamination is usually the feces (stool) of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water. Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today in other parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1991, epidemic cholera has been a problem in South America. A few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico.

126. This Is London Succinct overview of anthrax, smallpox, ebola, cholera, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, plague and botulinum. From the UK newspaper. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/dynamic/news/story.html?in_review_id=459916&in

127. Cholera Information - David R. Huskins - University Of Akron in cholera . Elap an naninmij in kein etatalmoneane . Elap an armij kein bo iben cholera kin air ber iben kij eo an naninmij in. Kememej ke dren http://www.uakron.edu/majuro/Cholera.html

Cholera Information page for David R. Huskins Click on my name to e-mail me. Click here to return to my Majuro Photo and Resource Gallery ~ http://www.uakron.edu/majuro/Majuro.html Click here to return to my University page - http://GoZips.uakron.edu/~dhuskin/ General Cholera tips in Marshallese Mokta jen bar men otemjej, jen lelok nebar im kamolol non Anij kin juon in ien en emon im ej alikartok non kijwoj kajojo. Joij im ronjake jet nan in katak kilen kejbarok mour ilo an itok naninmij in "Cholera". Elap an naninmij in kein "etatalmoneane". Elap an armij kein bo iben Cholera kin air ber iben kij eo an naninmij in. Kememej ke dren in drak ej numba juon ilo am maron bo ilo naninmij in. Ewor jit "powder - Gatorade" in drak en ekkor non ro rej naninmij ilo bwokbwok, ilok loje, im momoj. Non aolep armij jab idrak dren elane ejanin lukun "boil" mokta. En lit wot am jerbal keneke naninmij in Cholera, elap an koktata im armij maron mij jen wawin in. Ekijien "powder" en: Likit powder en iben dren in wot en emwoj an boil. Kalibui aolep kubwoj im bwe in mone im men kein ainwot. En erreo

128. Cholera Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment On MedicineNet.com Digestion information covering the digestion system and related diseases, procedures and tests, medications, and treatments. Produced by doctors. http://www.medicinenet.com/cholera/article.htm

document.writeln(''); About Us MedicineNet Home Digestion Home Page > Cholera search help Printer-Friendly Format FREE Newsletters Email to a Friend ... Next Cholera What is cholera? What are cholera symptoms? How does a person get cholera? What is the risk for cholera in the United States? ... Where can a traveler get information about cholera? What is cholera? Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes can be severe. What are cholera symptoms? Approximately 1 in 20 infected persons has severe disease characterized by: profuse watery diarrhea vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours. How does a person get cholera? A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces (stool) of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera, and a few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico. The disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another; therefore, casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill.

129. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gaetano Sanseverino Restorer of the Scholastic philosophy in Italy, b. at Naples, 1811; d. there of cholera, 16 Nov., 1865. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13453a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... S > Gaetano Sanseverino A B C D ... CICDC - Home of the Catholic Lifetime Reading Plan Gaetano Sanseverino Restorer of the Scholastic philosophy in Italy, b. at Naples, 1811; d. there of cholera, 16 Nov., 1865. He made his studies in the seminary at Nola, where his uncle was rector. After his ordination, he continued the study of philosophy, with the special view of comparing the various systems. He became a canon of the cathedral of Naples, professor of logic and metaphysics in the seminary substitute-professor of ethics in the university, and eventually scrittore in the National Library. Sanseverino had been educated in the Cartesian system, which at that time prevailed in the ecclesiastical schools of Italy, but his comparative study of the various systems supplied him with a deeper knowledge of the Scholastics, particularly St. Thomas, and of the intimate connection between their doctrine and that of the Fathers. From that time until the end of his life, his only concern was the restoration of Christian philosophy, in which, not only by his writings, but by his lectures and conversation, he was of supreme assistance to

130. 1849 St. Louis Cholera Epidemic Helps Initiate Sewer Construction cholera was rampant in many US cities at the time, but the large cities of New Mention of the St. Louis cholera cases first appeared in The Missouri http://www.msd.st-louis.mo.us/PublicComm/Pipeline/2-2000/S3.htm

WELCOME Welcome To MSD MSD NEWS News Releases AUDIO/VIDEO Wastewater Treatment People and Service MSD Home ... Search This Site METROPOLITAN ST. LOUIS SEWER DISTRICT PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS PIPELINE - BI-MONTHLY NEWSLETTER ISSUE 2, FISCAL YEAR 2000 (September/October) 1849 St. Louis Cholera Epidemic Helps Initiate Sewer Construction The 1849 St. Louis cholera epidemic claimed 4,557 lives out of a population of 63,000. This is a death rate equivalent to 72 out of every thousand people. Cholera was rampant in many U.S. cities at the time, but the large cities of New York, Chicago, New Orleans and Cincinnati had smaller death rates of 11, 24, 30 and 39 respectively. Victims of the water-borne disease usually died within 24 hours of their diagnosis from severe diarrhea, vomiting and rapid dehydration. In the mid-nineteenth century, before bacteria were known to be the cause, two principal theories of disease transmission were prevalent. The “contagion” theory said illness was aquired through close contacts whereas the “miasmic” theory stated gaseous airborne poisons, vapors and fumes from decomposing organic matter caused illness. Traditional protections were quarantined isolation and general cleanliness and sanitation.

131. Superiore Anno On the recitation of the rosary. Previous year's October Marian devotions judged a success. Also mentions cholera epidemic then sweeping France and Italy. Encyclical promulgated 30 August, 1884. http://www.newadvent.org/docs/le13sa.htm

132. Health 24 - Cholera An effective cholera vaccine may soon become a reality, if research by a group of visiting Cuban scientists is successful. Read http://www.health24.com/medical/Condition_centres/777-792-803.asp

Self defence expert Defend yourself! Get some self defence tips from our new expert, Morné Swanepoel. Cocaine Kate Kate Moss is in cocaine trouble. What is this drug and why is it so dangerous? TERMS NEWSLETTER MAKE HEALTH24 YOUR HOMEPAGE NEWS MEDICAL SCHEMES DIET FITNESS NATURAL MAN WOMAN CHILD MIND SEX TOOLS FIND SHOP EXPERTS TALK WIN function topNav(onoff) if onoff = 1 then if window.event.srcElement.classname = "top_nav_on" then window.event.srcElement.classname = "top_nav" else window.event.srcElement.classname = "top_nav_on" end if else if window.event.srcElement.classname = "top_nav_on" then window.event.srcElement.classname = "top_nav" else window.event.srcElement.classname = "top_nav_on" end if end if end function Medical Head 2 Toe Disease centres Acne ... Run/walk for health Links Find a buddy Sexuality Psychology Food as medicine ... Cholera You are in: Medical Disease centres Cholera Hope for cholera vaccine An effective cholera vaccine may soon become a reality, if research by a group of visiting Cuban scientists is successful. Read About Cholera What is cholera?

133. Cambridgeshire, EnglandGenWeb Project - Cholera In The 19th Century Overview ~*~ Ely cholera Victims 1832 ~*~ Worldwide Plagues 18501865 ~*~ Links to cholera, the highly infectious and often fatal intestinal disease, http://www.rootsweb.com/~engcam/cholera.htm

Cholera in the 19 th Century Overview Ely Cholera Victims 1832 Worldwide Plagues 1850-1865 Links to other related pages Overview Cholera, the highly infectious and often fatal intestinal disease, and endemic in India, appeared during the 19th century; the first outbreak occurred October 1831-33. It was introduced into the northeast ports from Russia; first appearing in the houses on the quay in Sunderland. The disease spread rapidly killing twenty-two thousand people before the beginning of June 1832 and by the end of that year cholera had spread to most parts of England. The most frightening aspect was the speed at which its victims perished. An attack of violent diahorrea and vomiting followed by agonising cramps in the limbs an abdomen, thirst and fever. After three to twelve hours, the symptoms advanced with rapidity, the skin became dry and a dusky blue or purple in colour, the eyes sank in their sockets, the features were pinched, the pulse at the wrist imperceptible, the voice reduced to a hoarse whisper. Death often took place within a day sometimes a few hours. Another outbreak occurred in 1848-49 in which at least 50,000 died in England and Wales and probably actually numbering 70,000. In 1854 there were 10,675 deaths and in 1866 more than 3,000 died within three weeks. On each of these occasions the disease spread with alarming rapidity, largely because of the lack of sanitation in the new industrial towns. The outbreaks provided a spur to public health legislation, which in turn led to the eventual eradication of the disease.

134. Cholera In The 19th Century cholera was one of many contagious dieases which killed people in the So why did cholera spread so rapidly in the towns and cities of the 19th Century? http://sites.scran.ac.uk/lamb/cholera.htm

The following images are examples of documents relating to cholera outbreaks in 19th Century Dundee, Scotland. Cholera was one of many contagious dieases which killed people in the 19th century, and in Dundee, when a number of Cholera epidemics swept through the town during the 1800 s. Cholera bacteria (Vibrio cholerae) is transmitted by water or food which has been contaminated with the faeces of people who have the disease. Symptoms include severe diarrhoea and dehydration, which can lead to shock and death if left untreated. So why did Cholera spread so rapidly in the towns and cities of the 19th Century? Dundee in the 19th century would have been smelly and crowded, with noisy markets and narrow cobbled streets traversed by horses and carts and littered with deposits of horse dung. Street-side butchers and fish vendors like those found at Butchers Row and Fish Street would often toss innards and unwanted flesh into street gutters, and householders threw refuse from tenement windows into the streets below. In the early 1800s, toilets were outdoors and shared by many families living in the same tenement block, and few public washing facilities were available for bathing. Dung heaps were often situated too close to public wells and triggered complaints from citizens about their drinking water being contaminated with faeces.

135. Cholera Fact Sheet cholera is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. The bacterium is called Vibrio cholera. Although cholera is a very rare disease today, http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/Communicable/factsheets/CHOLERA.HTM

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search AIDS-HIV ... Tuberculosis Disease Fact Sheet Series: Cholera Printable Version What is cholera? Cholera is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. The bacterium is called Vibrio cholera. Although cholera is a very rare disease today, six worldwide outbreaks were documented between 1817 and 1911 that resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Currently, only a few cases are reported in the United States each year. Who gets cholera? While cholera is a rare disease, those who may be at risk include people traveling to foreign countries where outbreaks are occurring and people who consume raw or undercooked seafood from warm coastal waters subject to sewage contamination. In both instances, the risk is quite small. How is the bacteria spread? The cholera bacteria is passed in the stools (feces). It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by the fecal waste of an infected person. This occurs more often in underdeveloped countries lacking adequate water supplies and proper sewage disposal. What are the symptoms of cholera?

136. Cholera - Wikipedia Translate this page Die cholera ist eine schwere bakterielle Infektionskrankheit mit Durchfall und Erbrechen. cholera wird in der Regel durch Trinkwasser verursacht, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera

Cholera aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklop¤die Choleraverbreitung auf der Welt (Stand 2004) Die Cholera ist eine schwere bakterielle Infektionskrankheit mit Durchfall und Erbrechen Inhaltsverzeichnis Symptome und Beschwerden Ursachen Geschichte Behandlung ... Bearbeiten Symptome und Beschwerden Die Cholera hat meist drei Stadien: Stadium mit Brech durchfall mit h¤ufig d¼nnfl¼ssigem Stuhl, oft mit Schleimflocken durchsetzt ("Reiswasserstuhl") und selten mit Schmerzen im Bauch Stadium des Fl¼ssigkeitsmangels ( Exsikkose ). Dabei kommt es zu Untertemperatur und zu einem auff¤lligen Gesichtsausdruck mit spitzer Nase, eingefallenen Wangen und stehenden Hautfalten. Stadium der allgemeinen K¶rperreaktion mit Fieber , Benommenheit, Verwirrtheit Koma und Hautausschlag . Komplikationen wie zum Beispiel eine Lungenentz¼ndung , eine Entz¼ndung der Ohrspeicheldr¼se und eine Sepsis k¶nnen hinzukommen. Menschen mit der Blutgruppe sind gef¤hrdeter. Die Diagnose geschieht anhand der typischen Beschwerden, die in einem Gebiet mit bekannter Choleragefahr auftreten und anhand des bakteriologischen Erregernachweises im Stuhl Bearbeiten Ursachen Cholerabakterien im Elektronenmikroskop Die Cholera wird durch das Bakterium Vibrio cholerae ausgel¶st, dessen

137. Pharmaceutical Research And Manufacturers Of America choleraGarde choleraGarde / cholera, oral live, attenuated vaccine. cholera AVANT Immunotherapeutics Needham, MA. Phase II completed http://www.phrma.org/newmedicines/newmedsdb/drugs.cfm?indicationcode=Cholera|546

138. Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Love In The Time Of Cholera Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Love in the Time of cholera through a civil war, cholera outbreaks and the Doctor s brief affair with a patient. http://endeavor.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/garcia.marque

About the Database Editorial Board Annotators What's New ... MedHum Home 59th Edition-October 2005 Art Annotations Artists Meet the Artist Viewing Room ... Art in Literature Literature Annotations Authors Meet the Author Listening Room ... Reading Room Performing Arts Film/Video Annotations Screening Room Theater Editors' Choices Choices Editor's Biosketch Indexes Book Order Form Search Options Word/Phrase (All) Word/Phrase (Lit) Keyword Annotator ... Special Author Asterisks indicate multimedia Comments/Inquiries Literature Annotations Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Love in the Time of Cholera Genre Novel (348 pp.) Keywords Aging Doctor-Patient Relationship Epidemics Infectious Disease ... Time Summary As a young woman, Fermina Daza kept a lengthy and passionate correspondence with Florentino Ariza, who was socially her inferior, but was desperately in love with her. They became engaged through their letters, exchanged through hiding places and telegrams in code. But one day, when Fermina Daza comes close to Florentino Ariza in the market, she feels suddenly ill and tells him it was all a mistake. Instead, she marries Dr. Juvenal Urbino, a European-educated perfectionist, who falls in love with her on a medical visit. Their tumultuous but affectionate marriage lasts over fifty years, through a civil war, cholera outbreaks and the Doctor's brief affair with a patient. Juvenal Urbino distinguishes himself by instituting policies to combat cholera. He dies, falling from a tree as he attempts to catch his pet parrot. Florentino Ariza comes to the wake. He is now about seventy and controls a wealthy shipping operation. After the other guests leave, he approaches Fermina Daza, saying, "I have waited for this opportunity for more than half a century, to repeat to you once again my vow of eternal fidelity and ever-lasting love."

139. Swine Diseases (Chest) - Hog Cholera Swine Diseases (Chest) Hog cholera Anatomy Actinobacillus Suis Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia Hog cholera Glassers Mulberry Heart http://www.vetmed.iastate.edu/departments/vdpam/swine/diseases/chest/hogcholera/

Swine Diseases (Chest) - Hog Cholera Other Names: CSF, Swine Fever, African Swine Fever - ASF Causal Agent: Classical Swine Fever - Virus - a Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus. Enveloped RNA virus. African Swine Fever - Virus - Enveloped DNA virus related to Poxviruses. Age Group: Any age group of pig can be infected with CSF or ASF Clinical Signs: It is not possible clinically to distinguish between CSF and ASF. Naive Herds Initially a few pigs appear drowsy and less active, with some anorexia and they may appear chilled. Within days, pigs will present with a marked fever (41-42 degrees C), sometimes with a reddening of the skin. The pigs develop a conjunctivitis and constipation leading to yellowish diarrhea. The pigs appear chilled and will huddle together. A few pigs may convulse before they die. Pigs start to die with a spreading purple discoloration of the skin. Death often occurs some 10 to 20 days post-infection.

140. Cholera Epidemic Spreads In Nigeria An epidemic of cholera has claimed over 1000 lives in Nigeria. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/dec2001/nige-d11.shtml

Enter email address to receive news about the WSWS Add Remove SEARCH WSWS English German ON THE WSWS Donate to the WSWS! Contact the WSWS ... Books Online OTHER LANGUAGES German French Italian Russian ... Indonesian LEAFLETS Download in PDF format WSWS Africa ... Nigeria Cholera epidemic spreads in Nigeria By Trevor Johnstone 11 December 2001 Use this version to print Send this link by email Email the author A cholera epidemic has claimed over 1,000 lives in Nigeria. The disease has spread from Kano to a number of other states. No coordinated response has come from the federal government, and the state governments have been criticised for their slow and ineffective measures against the epidemic. The north of Nigeria suffers epidemics of diseases such as cholera, measles and meningitis almost every year. Only five years ago, a cholera epidemic killed 1,342 people in the country. For years, Kano, an ancient trading city of stone and mud-built houses, has suffered a series of epidemics because of its poor sanitation and polluted drinking water. The only year Kano was free of disease was in 1997, but the year before there was a triple epidemic, with almost 15,000 people suffering from cerebrospinal meningitis. At the peak of that crisis over 240 victims were dying daily. At the same time, another 1,390 patients were treated for cholera and thousands for measles. In Kwara state, the cholera epidemic claimed at least 40 lives in five days, and another 22 people are still lying critically ill in hospital. In Moro local government area of the state, seven pupils of primary and post primary schools are among the victims. All primary and secondary schools in the area have been closed indefinitely to avoid further spread of the disease.

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