101. WHO Cholera Includes factsheets, news releases, control measures, vaccines, and information for travelers. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/cholera/globaltaskforce/en/

102. Cholera - Blue Book: IDEAS - Victorian Government Health Information, Australia Factsheet from Australia. http://www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/bluebook/cholera.htm

Search Health home IDEAS home Blue book ... Contacts Cholera Page content: Victorian statutory requirement Infectious agent Identification Incubation period ... Additional sources of information Victorian statutory requirement Cholera (Group A disease) must be notified immediately by telephone or fax followed by written notification within five days. Cholera is subject to Australian quarantine. Infectious agent Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 or O139 cause cholera. Note Most non-O1/O139 strains do not secrete enterotoxin but can cause sporadic disease. The term non-Vibrio cholera (NVC) refers to cases of cholera-like illness caused by organisms other than the 01 or 0139 Vibrio species. These infections are not notifiable. Identification Clinical features In severe cases disease is characterised by a sudden onset of symptoms with profuse painless watery (rice water) stools, occasional vomiting, rapid dehydration, acidosis and circulatory collapse. In untreated cases, death may occur in a few hours and the case fatality rate may exceed 50%. Method of diagnosis Incubation period The incubation period is from a few hours to five days. It is usually two to three days.

103. Cholera-hit African Nations To Collaborate To Stop Epidemic CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/01/17/africa.cholera.reut/index.html

104. Avain Cholera AVIAN cholera. Cause. Bacteria Pasteurella multocida. Host. Most species of birds and mammals can become infected with different strains of this bacteria http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/facts/cholera.html

AVIAN CHOLERA Cause Bacteria Pasteurella multocida Host Most species of birds and mammals can become infected with different strains of this bacteria, however, avian cholera in wild birds is primarily caused by one strain, Type 1. The species of birds most commonly affected are ducks and geese, coots, gulls, and crows. Transmission The bacteria can be transmitted by bird-to-bird contact, contact with secretions or feces of infected birds, or ingestion of food or water containing the bacteria. Aerosol tranmission may also occur. The bacteria may survive up to 4 months in soil and water. Clinical Signs/Field Signs Large die-offs are seen primarily in wild ducks and geese where the disease affects birds peracutely. The sudden appearance of large numbers of dead birds in good body condition with few if any sick birds is observed. Death may be so rapid that birds literally fall out of the sky or die while eating with no previous signs of disease. Sick birds appear lethargic, and when captured may die within minutes. Other signs include convulsions; swimming in circles; throwing the head back between the wings; erratic flight, such as flying upside down or trying to land a foot or more above the water; mucous discharge from the mouth; soiling or matting of the feathers around the vent, eyes, and bill; pasty, fawn-colored or yellow droppings; or blood-stained droppings or nasal discharge.

105. Outbreak Of Cholera Complicates Efforts To Rebuild Flood-hit Iran CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/14/iran.floods.ap/index.html

106. NWHC: Avian Cholera Information Integrated studies on waterfowl and wetland ecosystems have been investigating how avian cholera is maintained and spread across the country. http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_cholera/avian_cholera.html

[Text-only Version] Biologists from the USGS, in collaboration with other resource agencies, have been working to untangle the ecological complexities of an infectious bacterial disease called Avian Cholera . Integrated studies on waterfowl and wetland ecosystems have been investigating how avian cholera is maintained and spread across the country. Results implicate birds as the most likely reservoir for perpetuating this deadly disease. Avian cholera is one of the most common diseases among wild North American waterfowl. It is the result of infection with the bacterium Pasteurella multocida . This bacterium kills swiftly, sometimes in as few as six to twelve hours after infection. Live bacteria released into the environment by dead and dying birds can subsequently infect healthy birds. As a result, avian cholera can spread quickly through a wetland and kill thousands of birds in a single outbreak. Biologists from NWHC looked for living bacteria in water of affected wetlands throughout the U.S. In many cases, they were able to isolate bacteria in samples taken during disease outbreaks. In contrast, samples collected 1-3 months following winter or spring outbreaks or in the subsequent fall did not contain

107. Cholera #1010 Red/Black Special cholera 1010 Red/Black Special. Back to STORE FRONT, », Neckties, », cholera 1010 Red/Black Special. The requested product is not in our database, http://www.5clickstore.com/iawareables/product.cfm?ProductID=23

108. Cholera Kills 29 In Zambia CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/01/27/zambia.cholera.reut/index.html

109. Asian Cholera Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Ter Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitions. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6609

110. Cholera Kills 15 In Niger CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/09/20/niger.cholera.reut/index.html

111. The Cholera Epidemic Of 1832 In Buffalo The cholera Epidemic of 1832. Edited by Srtephen R. Powell. For more on the cholera Epidemic click here to read the diaries of George Washington Jonson who http://www.buffalonian.com/history/articles/1801-50/cholera32.html

The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 Edited by Srtephen R. Powell For more on the Cholera Epidemic click here to read the diaries of George Washington Jonson who lived through the outbreak of 1834. The dreaded Asiatic cholera had been spreading over Europe in 1831, and while desperate efforts were made to keep it out of America, it was found to be in Quebec in the spring of 1832, having been carried it is thought by emigrants from Ireland. The scourge passed up the St. Lawrence, and by the time it reached Buffalo, the residents were so very apprehensive that it found receptive material, and the state in the young city soon became very serious. "It may be said that at the first visitation of the pestilence one-half of its victims were carried off by fear and fright," wrote Samuel M. Welch. Further, he said: "Buffalo was severely afflicted by this visitation. The treatment of the disease was mostly experimental, its nature not being understood; indeed the epidemic at times seemed to have full sway, without check. A man might be in apparent good health in the morning and in his grave the same night. Often people were taken away for burial in the night of the day of their death. "The death carts would patrol the streets, and when there would seem an indication of a death in a house, the driver would shout: 'Bring out your dead!' Bodies were not permitted to remain unburied over an hour or two, if it were possible to obtain carriers, or a sexton to bury them."

112. Cholera Doctor John Snow mapped cholera deaths in London in the 1850s. The work of Doctor Snow stands out as one of the most famous and earliest cases of geography http://geography.about.com/cs/medicalgeography/a/cholera.htm

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113. Cholera Kills 200 And Leaves 100,000 Ill CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/25/safrica.cholera.ap/index.html

114. Notifiable Condition: Cholera Notifiable Conditions Index page for cholera. Cases are most often associated with travel as cholera is not endemic to Washington. http://www.doh.wa.gov/notify/nc/cholera.htm

You are here: DOH Home Notifiable Conditions » Cholera Index Search Employees Site Directory: Notifiable Conditions: Cholera Other links concerning Notifiable Conditions Local Health Jurisdictions How to Report a Notifiable Condition Reporting Forms Glossary ... EpiTrends Posters (PDF, 645KB) (PDF, 529KB) (PDF, 314KB) (PDF, 117KB) (PDF, 129KB) Associated Programs Communicable Disease Epidemiology WEDSS (Washington Electronic Disease Surveillance System) PDF documents require the free Acrobat Reader. Click here to download a copy Cholera Cholera in Washington State Since 1990, only 2 reports of Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 have been received at DOH; both occurred in 2002. The last case of non-O1, O139 cholera occurred in 1996. Cases are most often associated with travel as cholera is not endemic to Washington. Purpose of Reporting and Surveillance To identify rare diseases associated with travel.

115. Cholera Kills 56 In Uganda News24.com, the top South African online news web site. http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1749873,00.html

DisplayAd('M1'); Soldiers searching for bodies in New Orleans are instead finding stolen goods looted during Hurricane Katrina. Emmy Awards Gallery Charlize Theron, Ben Affleck, Teri Hatcher... Check out who was at the 2005 Emmy Awards, and who won awards. Search Web by Yellow Pages News Sections Africa : News Homepage Africa News Features ... Backpage Other Sections Competitions Galleries Travel Traffic ... Mobile Special Reports Hurricane Katrina London Attacks Zuma Files Aids Focus ... More... Stidy Lottery Numbers Lotto: Lotto Plus: UK Lottery: Lottery Page Sudoku We bring you a new puzzle every day! Afrikaans Beeld Die Burger Volksblad Rapport ... Streekkoerante Partners Natal Witness City Press Finance Week Carte Blanche ... Community Subscribe Mens Health FHM SASI Golf Digest ... Heat Inteken Die Burger Beeld Volksblad Weg ... Huisgenoot DisplayAd('B1'); Cholera kills 56 in Uganda 06/08/2005 20:31 -(SA) DisplayAd('C2'); Related Articles Cholera hits Niger's starving Cholera kills 17 in G Bissau Cholera kills 3 in Kenya Cholera hits DRC town ... Cholera claims at least 10 Acting director of the ministry's health services division, Sam Zaramba, said: "We are fighting an unusual cholera strain that has not been commonly observed in Uganda." He said the ministry had sent alerts to health-care facilities about the strain and was issuing public warnings advising Ugandans that acquired resistance to typical cholera was no guarantee of being safe from the new outbreak.

116. Cholera Kills 81 In Mozambique CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/12/12/health.mozambique.cholera.reut/index.html

117. Vibrio V. cholerae the agent of cholera - rehydration and tetracycline are used for treatment. C. cincinnatiensis - associated with bacteraemia - reported http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/vibrio.html

Vibrio V alginolyticus - associated with wound and ear infection - associated with aquatic exposure - V carchariae - associated with wound infection following shark bite - reported susceptible to cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, gentamicin - may require debridement V cholerae - the agent of cholera - rehydration and tetracycline are used for treatment C cincinnatiensis - associated with bacteraemia - reported susceptible to moxalactam, chloramphenicol and cephalosporins Vibrio damsela (see Photobacterium damselae V fluvialis V furnissii V hollisae V metschnikovii V mim icus V parahaemolyticus - associated with diarrhoea and septiciaemia -associated with ingestion of contaminated water or shellfish - reported susceptible to tetracycline and chlormaphenicol V vul nificus - associated with wound infection, septicaemia, meningitis, endometritis - reported susceptible to tetracycline, penicillins, gentamicin, chloramphenicol - associated with aquatic exposure and penetrating fish injury - may require debridement References - West, P.A. (1989). The human pathogenic vibrios - a public health update with environmental perspectives. Epidem. Infect. 103, 1-34.

118. ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Cholera In Niger cholera in Niger. From 13 to 28 July 2005, the Ministry of Health, Niger reported a total of 49 cases and 5 deaths (case fatality rate 10.2%). http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EVIU-6ERFYH?OpenDocument

119. Tropenkrankheiten - Onmeda: Medizin Und Gesundheit Darstellung vieler Tropenkrankheiten wie cholera, Ebola, Gelbfieber, Malaria und Typhus mit Empfehlungen zu Vorbeugung und Behandlung. http://www.m-ww.de/krankheiten/tropenkrankheiten/

UNTERNEHMEN JOBS WERBUNG KONTAKT ... Aktuelles Sie befinden sich hier: Startseite Aktuelles Thema des Monats Fernweh, Reiselust, Urlaubspläne? ... Tropenkrankheiten Suche auf Onmeda News Thema des Monats Fernweh, Reiselust, Urlaubspläne? Reiseländer ... West-Nil-Fieber Thema des Monats Fernweh, Reiselust, Urlaubspläne? Reiseländer Impfungen Ratgeber ... Weitere Themen des Monats Partnerangebote: MS-Life - Mehr als Rat und Tat Fit mit Nordic Walking Neuartige Diabetestherapie! Rat und Tipps zu Hämorrhoiden ... Impressum genannten Fachärzten, Apothekern und Wissenschaftlern des jeweiligen Bereiches erstellt und vom Redaktionsteam didaktisch überarbeitet. Bitte beachten Sie auch unseren Haftungsausschluss sowie unsere Hinweise zu den Bildrechten Top-Thema Diabetes Typ 2 Starker Durst, Heißhunger, Juckreiz und Mattigkeit? Onmede informiert Sie über Symptome und Diagnose der "Zuckerkrankheit". mehr Newsletter eMail Wie viel Sonne verträgt  meine Haut? Vermeiden Sie Hautkrebs! Bevor Sie sich einem Sonnen- bad hingeben, sollten Sie bei Onmeda die Frage nach Ihrem Hauttyp und dem passenden Sonnenschutzfaktor klären. zur Hauttypbestimmung Diskussion Treten Sie in Kontakt Im Foren-Bereich auf Onmeda können Sie sich zu ausgewählten Themen mit anderen austauschen und Fragen an Experten richten.

120. Cholera Prevention In January 1991, epidemic cholera appeared in South America and quickly spread to cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 http://aepo-xdv-www.epo.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000002/p0000002.asp

Warning: This site is being maintained for historical purposes, but has had no new entries since October 1998. To find more recent articles, please visit the following: CDC Recommends at http://www.phppo.cdc.gov/CDCrecommends/AdvSearchV.asp MMWR at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrsrch.htm CDC Web Search at http://www.cdc.gov/search.htm Cholera Prevention U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Infectious Diseases Division for Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Publication date: 05/01/1992 Table of Contents Cholera Prevention What is cholera? How does a person get cholera? What is the risk for cholera in the United States? ... POINT OF CONTACT FOR THIS DOCUMENT: Cholera Prevention In January 1991, epidemic cholera appeared in South America and quickly spread to several countries. A few cases have occurred in the United States among persons who traveled to South America or ate contaminated food brought back by travelers. Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today in other parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa. Although cholera can be life-threatening, it is easily prevented and treated. In the United States, because of advanced water and sanitation systems, cholera is not a major threat; however, everyone, especially travelers, should be aware of how the disease is transmitted and what can be done to prevent it.

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