81. Cholera Strikes Northern Nigeria CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/11/23/health.nigeria.cholera.reut/index.html

82. National Disaster Management Centre Click here to see a National and Provincial Summary on cholera. View Latest Data per province Search Independent Online for cholera Related Articles http://sandmc.pwv.gov.za/ndmc/cholera/

DEPARTMENT OF PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC Contact INFO National Disaster Management Centre Regional Contacts Acknowledgements Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Chief Directorate Scientific Services Institute for Water Quality Studies Water Quality Management Chief Directorate Water Services World Health Organisation Provincial Health Departments Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR - Environmentek) Latest Cholera Data Click here to see a National and Provincial Summary on Cholera View Latest Data per province Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Northern Province Western Cape CSIR Situation Reports Weekly Reports (.pdf) from 29/01/2001 onwards Daily Reports (.pdf) discontinued on 26/01/2001 Geographical Reports Geographical representation of data (Maps) Schools in High Risk Areas How to use the above maps (PDF) Other Maps Potential High Risk Areas (IWQS) GRAPHS National and Provincial Perspective Institute for Water Quality Studies Fact Sheet PDF HTM Institute for Water Quality Studies Brochure Water Quality Brochure: Cholera Risks From Well Serviced Areas WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION Some Frequently Asked Questions about Cholera Fact Sheets Need more info?

83. CNN.com - Cholera Kills At Least 9 In Eastern South Africa - September 27, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/09/27/safrica.cholera.reut/index.html

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Cholera kills at least 9 in eastern South Africa JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (Reuters) An outbreak of cholera has killed at least nine people in South Africa's eastern province of KwaZulu-Natal, and the disease is likely to spread in the region, health officials said on Wednesday.

84. Cholera In Bham The following article is taken from cholera Epidemic of 1873 in the United States. The Introduction of Epidemic cholera Through the Agency of the Mercantile http://www.uab.edu/reynolds/cholera.html

Reynolds Homepage Lecture Series Schedule Reynolds Research Fellowship Reynolds Associates Membership ... UAB Home Reynolds Historical Library The Birmingham Cholera Epidemic of 1873 The following article is taken from Cholera Epidemic of 1873 in the United States. The Introduction of Epidemic Cholera Through the Agency of the Mercantile Marine: Suggestions of Measures of Prevention. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875. (pp. 409-414). Included in this work is a section on the cholera epidemic which ravaged and nearly destroyed the young city of Birmingham, Alabama in 1873, together with a full-page map which has been described as "one of the earliest published maps of this city." The author of the article, Mortimer H. Jordan (1844-1889) was secretary of the Jefferson County Medical Society of Birmingham, Alabama in 1873 (during the epidemic) and later president of the Jefferson County Medical Society (1881-1883). JEFFERSON COUNTY CHOLERA AT BIRMINGHAM, ALA., IN 1873 BY M.H. JORDAN., Member of the Board of Health In reporting a history of the recent epidemic of cholera as it prevailed at Birmingham, I will not discuss any theories nor indulge in any idle speculation, but will contain myself strictly to a simple, concise, narrative of events.

85. CBS News | Afghans Wage Cholera Fight | June 15, 2005 09:00:08 Aqa Sayeed, 55, who is showing cholera symptons, lies in a bed in a tent in He said the outbreak of cholera and other waterborne diseases was caused by http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/06/15/health/main701953.shtml

SEARCH: CBSNews.com The Web document.write('') Home U.S. World Politics ... CBS News Video ET The Early Show CBS Evening News 48 Hours 60 Minutes ... Section Front E-mail This Story Printable Version Afghans Wage Cholera Fight KABUL, Afghanistan, June 15 2005 An Afghan Health Ministry worker pours chlorinated water into a family well in Kabul, Afghanistan. (Photo: AP) "Kabul has no sewage system and septic tanks are close to wells and other water sources. Water is easily contaminated." Abdullah Fahim, an adviser to the health minister A worker of the Infectious Diseases Hospital prepares extra beds and intravenous stands for possible cholera patients in a corridor of the hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. (Photo: AP) Aqa Sayeed, 55, who is showing cholera symptons, lies in a bed in a tent in the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Kabul, Afghanistan. (Photo: AP) (AP) Authorities said Wednesday they are rushing to chlorinate hundreds of wells across the Afghan capital, amid fears the city of 4 million where sewage fills roadside ditches and mixes with many people's drinking water was on the verge of a cholera epidemic. The waterborne disease has killed 8-9 people and is suspected of infecting more than 2,000, according to an international epidemiologist, Fred Hartman, who works on a U.S.-supported health project. But the government said the death toll was lower and there was no reason to panic.

86. Southern Africa Battles Cholera Outbreaks CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/01/09/health.safrica.cholera.reut/index.html

87. CBS News | Cholera Strikes Basra, Epidemic Feared | May 7, 2003 20:26:36 “An outbreak of cholera, affecting probably several hundreds of people, is occurring,” cholera is a waterborne disease that can be treated if detected. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/05/07/iraq/main552805.shtml

SEARCH: CBSNews.com The Web document.write('') Home U.S. World Politics ... CBS News Video ET The Early Show CBS Evening News 48 Hours 60 Minutes ... Section Front E-mail This Story Printable Version Cholera Strikes Basra, Epidemic Feared BASRA, Iraq, May 7, 2003 Smallpox Vaccine Worries (CBS/AP) "Not enough is being done. Unless it's brought under control, this situation will continue. The end result could be catastrophic." David Wimhurst, U.N. humanitarian spokesman (CBS) Two hospitals in southern Iraq have reported 17 confirmed cases of cholera, and the World Health Organization said Wednesday it fears far more have gone unreported. “An outbreak of cholera, affecting probably several hundreds of people, is occurring,” warned Fadela Chaib of the U.N. agency, which dispatched a team to the southern city of Basra this week. Initial cases were seen in children age under 4 from the northern part of the city. Two local hospitals, Al-Tahir Teaching Hospital and Basra Maternal and Child Hospital, have confirmed 17 cases so far. More samples have been sent to a laboratory in Kuwait for confirmation, and final results are expected by Thursday. No deaths have been reported so far.

88. CNN.com - Cholera Spreading In Basra, Health Group Warns - May. 8, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/05/08/sprj.nilaw.cholera/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Cholera spreading in Basra, health group warns Story Tools SPECIAL REPORT Timeline: A new government Flash: Government structure Chart: Iraq's National Assembly Interactive: Iraq's population Coalition Casualties Special Report BASRA, Iraq (CNN) The World Health Organization has confirmed four cases of cholera in this southern Iraqi city, and the group says dozens more may have the potentially fatal illness. The lack of clean water and security combined with economic troubles are allowing cholera to spread rapidly, WHO spokesman Ian Simpson said Thursday. "Cholera has a fatality rate of more than 50 percent if it is not treated," he said. "This is probably the most serious health concern in Iraq right now." About 50 samples have been sent to a laboratory in Kuwait for testing. Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine. In severe cases, it can lead to dehydration and shock, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The illness can easily be prevented and treated but the World Health Organization said Thursday that conditions in Basra make it difficult to do either.

89. Thomas Shapter And Cholera In Exeter 1832 : Introduction Thomas Shapter The History of the cholera in Exeter 1832 Shapter records how the arrival of cholera was much feared and there was much speculation http://www.ex.ac.uk/Affiliate/stloyes/graeme/shaptint.htm

Thomas Shapter : The History of the Cholera in Exeter 1832 Introduction and background Introduction Shapter's Career History of the Cholera Origins of Cholera ... Extracts from the Book Introduction Dr Thomas Shapter, LL.D., M.D., FRCP (1809-1902) was born in Gibraltar, graduated from Edinburgh University, and arrived in Exeter in the year cholera arrived, 1832. Today, Dr Shapter is best known for the account he wrote of this devastating cholera outbreak . A portrait of Shapter, can be viewed at: Thomas Shapter Portrait Shapter's Career Shapter soon developed a medical practice in Exeter and became a member of the governing body of the City, the Chamber, in 1835. As Newton puts it "his early admission into the restricted governing class of a cathedral city is a measure of his personality, as well as of his political and religious orthodoxy". Such ties were further cemented by his marriage in 1840 to the Reverend Samuel Blackhall’s daughter. He was later to become Mayor (twice) and Sherriff of the City. He was appointed physician in 1847 at the Exeter and Devon Hospital but he also worked for the Magdalen Hospital, The Lying-in-Charity and St Thomas’ Hospital for Lunatics (1845). He led an active public life and when cholera again posed a threat in 1867 he opposed plans to transfer the powers of the Improvement Commissioners to the Board of Health under the 1858 Health Act. He appears to have still believed in the efficacy of the measures and institutions established during the 1830s.

90. CNN.com - Death Toll Rising From Somalia Cholera Outbreak - November 26, 2000 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/11/26/somalia.cholera.reut/index.html

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Death toll rising from Somalia cholera outbreak MOGADISHU, Somalia

91. BBC NEWS | Health | Medical Notes | Medical Notes: Cholera cholera is an intestinal infection caused by a bacteria and is often linked to contaminated supplies of drinking water. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/medical_notes/3009779.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Newswatch Last Updated: Thursday, 8 May, 2003, 09:22 GMT 10:22 UK Email this to a friend Printable version Medical notes: Cholera Cholera-causing bacteria Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by a bacteria - and is often linked to contaminated supplies of drinking water. By the start of the 20th Century, six major cholera "pandemics" had affected countries across the world. The world is now fighting the seventh, caused by a new strain of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. Epidemics involving this strain started in 1961 in Indonesia, spreading rapidly elsewhere in eastern Asia, and from there to India and Bangladesh, the USSR, Iran and Iraq. The bacterium is part of the flora of brackish water and estuaries - it is when this water gets into the drinking supply that an outbreak can start. It causes severe diarrhoea and vomiting, and patients, particularly children and the elderly, are vulnerable to dangerous dehydration as a result. Treating the condition - or rather alleviating these severe effects, requires only simple measures. However, the clean water and rehydration salts required are often in short supply in areas where they are needed most.

92. Dozens Dead In S. African Cholera Epidemic CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/02/16/safrica.cholera.ap/index.html

93. Cholera cholera is a really bad infection. It gives you diarrhea, vomiting, bacterium Vibrio cholera. From a few hours to five days after exposure to the http://www.bedfordk12tn.com/harris/cholera.htm

Cholera Cholera is a really bad infection. It gives you diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. The infection starts by ingesting food or water that has been contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio Cholera. From a few hours to five days after exposure to the bacterium, the vomiting and diarrhea begin. The bacterium produces a toxin that speeds the passage of fluid from the blood stream into the intestines. More than a pint of fluid is lost every hour. If the fluid is not replaced, in a few hours the patient will die. Once the diarrhea and vomiting begins that is when the infection begins. People say the disease spreads through the continents of Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean and Gulf Coast of North America and South America. The disease Cholera is very rare now. L.W. 6th Grade Student Back to Bedford County History HOME

94. South Africa Must Develop Rural Areas To Beat Cholera, Organization Says CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/01/11/south.africa.cholera.ap/index.html

95. Cholera cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which lives and multiples (colonizes) in the small intestine but does not http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/nord/nord144.htm

var hwPrint=1;var hwDocHWID="nord144";var hwDocTitle="Cholera";var hwRank="1";var hwSectionHWID="nord144-Header";var hwSource="en-caQ2_05";var hwDocType="Nord"; National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Cholera Important It is possible that the main title of the report Cholera is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Asiatic Cholera Epidemic Cholera Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which lives and multiples (colonizes) in the small intestine but does not destroy or invade the intestinal tissue (noninvasive). The major symptom of cholera is massive watery diarrhea that occurs because of a toxin secreted by the bacteria that stimulates the cells of the small intestine to secrete fluid. There are several strains of V. cholerae and the severity of the disease is based on the particular infectious strain. Cholera is not a difficult disease to treat and most people recover well with appropriate oral fluid replacement (hydration). However, if the disease goes untreated, it can rapidly lead to shock, as a result of fluid and electrolyte loss, and to life-threatening complications.

96. CNN.com - Iraq Facing Cholera Crisis - May. 8, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/05/08/sprj.nilaw.iraq.cholera/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Iraq facing cholera crisis Children in a Basra market stand next to a stagnant stream of water. Story Tools SPECIAL REPORT Timeline: A new government Flash: Government structure Chart: Iraq's National Assembly Interactive: Iraq's population Coalition Casualties Special Report RELATED Gallery: Iraq's National Museum looted Interpol BASRA, Iraq Mounting piles of waste and sewage and contaminated water supplies have led to southern Iraq's first reported cholera cases raising concerns of a potentially devastating outbreak. About a dozen cases have so far been reported by doctors in Basra and the World Health Organization (WHO) says it expects many more cases in the general community have gone unreported. "An outbreak of cholera, affecting probably several hundreds of people, is occurring," warned Fadela Chaib of the U.N. agency, which dispatched a team to the city this week. No deaths have been reported so far but health officials said they feared the problem is already reaching epidemic proportions. "If we're seeing 17 confirmed cases, you can expect 10 times more within the larger population," Dr. Denis Coulombier, an epidemiologist with WHO told The Associated Press.

97. Professional Nursing Today: Cholera - Epidemics Are Major Health Concerns Comprehensive overview of this disease, from the South African publication Professional Nursing Today. Describes the responsible organism, transmission, epidemic control, signs and symptoms, treatment, treatments that are not recommended, and tips for travellers. http://www.medpharm.co.za/pnt/2001/first/cholera.html

Vacancies Classifieds Events Previous Issues ... Table of Content Cholera - Epidemics are major health concerns Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Although members of the species Vibrio, cause a number of important infections, classic among them is cholera, a devastating disease caused by Vibrio cholerae group O1. This particular species has been responsible for seven global pandemics and much suffering over the past two centuries. The infectious dose for cholera is relatively high and most persons infected with V. cholerae do not become ill. However, the bacterium is present in their faeces for 7-14 days. When illness does occur, more than 90% of episodes are of mild or moderate severity. Less than 10% of ill persons develop typical cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration. For unexplained reasons, susceptibility to cholera is significantly influenced by ABO blood group status, those with type O blood are at greatest risk, while those with type AB are at least risk. Cholera is spread by the ingestion of contaminated water and food. Sudden large outbreaks are usually caused by a contaminated water supply. Ingestion of water contaminated with human faeces is the most common route of infection with

98. Cholera Home Page cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the The CDC fact sheet answers some common questions about cholera. http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/diseases/cholera/cholera.shtml

Text-Only Site State Directory Agencies A-Z Accessibility ... Diseases A-Z Cholera On this page More info/links Reporting Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Approximately one in 20 infected persons has severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours. Also see: Vibrio infection More info/links The CDC fact sheet answers some common questions about cholera. Disease reporting Health care providers and clinical laboratories are required by law to report cases and suspect cases of cholera to local health departments within 24 hours of identification. On weekends and holidays, call 503/731-4030 to reach the state health department doctor on call. Cases are subject to restriction on school and day-care attendance, food handling, and patient care for the duration of any diarrhea and/or vomiting. Disease reporting form for health-care practitioners (PDF 42K) Go to our disease reporting page for information on how to report and for telephone numbers of local health departments.

99. One Dead In Cholera Outbreak In Malaysia CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/05/12/malaysia.cholera.ap/index.html

100. Cholera cholera is a bacterial disease (vibrio cholerae) that causes diarrhea, vomiting, A person can get cholera by drinking contaminated water or eating http://library.thinkquest.org/11170/epidemics/cholera.html

Cholera is a bacterial disease (vibrio cholerae) that causes diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. A person can get Cholera by d rinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food. During an epidemic, the contamination usually comes from human feces. Since cholera causes severe dehydration, complete rehydration is the only treatment. If treated this way, less than 1% of patients die. A prepackaged mixture of sugars and salts is mixed with water and drunk in large amounts to rehydrate the victim. Traveler Tips Travelers can get cholera info by calling the World Health Organization's hotline at 404-332-4559 When traveling to poorer countries, do NOT: -Eat raw seafood. -Drink unpurified water (creeks, rivers, ponds). -Buy food and beverages from street vendors. -Eat fruit peeled buy someone else. Two physicians bundling up a cholera patient Currently there are epidemics in Latin America and Africa, with no signs of the end so far. During the 1800's, cholera raged through the United States. Cholera is usually found in unsanitary areas of developing countries. Because cholera is such a problem, travelers to other countries need to take special precautions. Cholera Map Links Cholera fact sheet

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