41. Native Americans Easier American indians, sometimes called native americans, First, visitsites like native American Indian Powwows for the Beginner and Pow wow http://www.42explore2.com/native.htm

The Topic: American Indians This project on Native Americans includes tons of resources - - too many to fit onto just this one page! Connect to the project's three other companion pages for lots more ideas and information: (1) Biographies of American Indians - A to Z American Indian Tribes and Cultures , and (3) Easier - American Indians, sometimes called Native Americans, are descendants of the first people to live in the Americas. They had been living there for thousands of years before any Europeans arrived. Harder - When Columbus landed in what is now known as the West Indies, he incorrectly thought he had reached the Indies. He called the native people he met Indians. The Indians of the Americas spoke hundreds of different languages, had many varied ways of life, and each group had its own name. Some lived in large cities and others in small villages. Still others kept moving throughout the year, hunting animals and gathering wild plants. First Americans by K. Martin (Grades 4-8)

42. Native American Links Northwest native americans. The chinook Nation s official Web site. US CensusBureau, American Indian and Alaska native Data and Links, historical and http://chinookjargon.home.att.net/links.htm

Selected Links to Native American Resources An unanticipated response to this site was the number of inquiries regarding Native American peoples and their history. Below are links which may offer helpful starting points. Best regards, Updated July 2005 Links Native North Americans Canku Ota ("Many Paths"), a colorful biweekly online news magazine including articles on history, language, culture and contemporary issues. (Formerly "Turtle Tracks.") Appealing to all ages. Includes a search engine and archive of past issues. An Introduction To The American Indian , a text overview by Paul E. Pettennude, Ph.D. Northwest Native Americans The Chinook Nation's official Web site trailtribes.com is a project of the Lifelong Learning Project at the University of Montana, developed as part of the Lifelong Learning Online partnership, which reviews the traditional and contemporary native culture of the tribes of the Northwest and Pacific Northwest, including the Chinook people. The site includes video and audio interviews. Bruce Hallman's History of the Northwest Coast includes historic photos. Those frequent links embedded in the text lead to expanded internal pages on individual topics.

43. Native American Indians And Encounters With The Lewis And Clark Expedition The chinook indians Traders of the Lower Columbia River and indians of the Pacific Through Indian Eyes The Untold Story of native American Peoples. http://home.earthlink.net/~swier/LCindians.html

Lewis and Clark Programs Entertaining and informative presentations for your meeting, school, historical re-enactment, fund-raiser, reunion, or expedition. See quality artifacts, maps, and slides. Or enjoy an informal visit from "Captain William Clark" for your social occasion. Click Here for more Information "We set out early and proceeded on..." Home Page Chronology Their Journals Books ... LC Classroom Research Reviews Spontoons Firearms Mountain Men - Home Page Native American Indians and The Lewis and Clark Expedition - Bernard DeVoto, The Journals of Lewis and Clark , Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1953, pp xlvi-xlvii. There are many fine books about the Amercian Indians. This web page lists some of them that descibe the tribes the Lewis and Clark Expedition encountered. The problem with the good books about American Indians is that they are hard to find. Few libraries, book stores, or online shops have a good selection. This page will guide your reading about the Indian nations that the explorers met. Natives and the Expedition Lewis and Clark Among the Indians . James P. Ronda. Univ of Nebraska Press, 1988, 2002, 328 pages. "...the definitive book for understanding the interactions between The Corps of Discovery and the various Indian nations they encountered." - David J. Peck. And one of the top books about the expedition, on any topic. Rewarding for any Lewis and Clark student.

44. Articles On The Topic Native Americans, Bureau Of Indian Affairs Articles on the topic native americans, Bureau Of Indian Affairs from High Country August 19, 2002 chinook tribe loses recognition by Laura Paskus. http://www.hcn.org/archivesbysubject.jsp?category=Native Americans&subject=Burea

45. ACF Administration For Native Americans: Financial Report FY2002 Administration For native americans Summary of Expenditures FY 2002 IA Federally Recognized Tribes, WA, chinook Indian Tribe/chinook Nation, 90NA7535 http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ana/publications/FY2002/S508_fy2002_summary.htm

@import url(../styles/acfmodern.css); @import url(/styles/acfmodern.css); [an error occurred while processing this directive] ANA Home Publications Administration For Native Americans: Summary of Expenditures FY2002 Division of Planning and Support November 2002 Category Financial Assistance Grants Number Of Awards Award Amount Federally Recognized IA Tribes IB Alaska IC Served through Consortia ID Tribal Colleges and Universities Non-Federally Recognized IIA Tribes IIB Urban Organizations IIC Rural Organizations Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander IIIA Native Hawaiian IIIB Pacific Islanders Special Projects IV Special Projects Total Grants Award amounts for other awards Category Number of Awards Award Amount Interagency Transfers to Other Agencies Training and Technical Assistance ACF Taps Unobligated Balance Figures for FY2002 Appropriation/Recission Category Amount Revised FY2002 Appropriation Recission Original FY 2002 Appropriation Legend for Letter Codes in Grant numbers Code Explanation NA Social and Economic Development (SEDS) NL Language Preservation XN Congressional NK Alaska Specific Social and Economic Development NR Environmental Earmarks Administration For Native Americans: Summary of Expenditures FY 2002 Summary of Expenditures FY 2002 Discretionary Grant List Class State Grantee Name Grant Number FY2002 Funds Awarded IA Federally Recognized Tribes AL Poarch Band of Creek Indians Total for ALABAMA (1 Grant) IA Federally Recognized Tribes AZ White Mountain Apache Tribe IA Federally Recognized Tribes

46. Native American Music The traditional music of native americans is as diverse as the peoples themselves.To those once called indians, now also known as First Nations or http://www.sbgmusic.com/html/teacher/reference/cultures/nativemusic.html

Native American Music The traditional music of Native Americans is as diverse as the peoples themselves. To those once called "Indians," now also known as "First Nations" or "First People," songs are a part of life. Songs are used for many reasons, including religious rituals, healing, accompanying work or games, storytelling, and social events. Among most Native American groups, many songs are the personal property of the singer or the group sponsoring a ritual or celebration. The music begins as a song. When it is accompanied, the instruments are mainly drums, rattles, and sometimes flutes. Singing is the traditional way of presenting a new piece, and the melody is taught to others by repeating it. The style of singing, the form of the song, and the range of the voice all vary by group. Many of the groups use vocables extensively. Vocables can mean many things. For example, they might be a phrase from an older version of the language. They can also be important to the particular ritual being practiced, or have other meanings. There are many kinds of Native American songs. The personal songs of the Arctic peoples of Alaska and Northern Canada, for example, are often used in social events, such as potlatch celebrations. A potlatch is a community gathering to honor the host or to celebrate family events, such as births or marriages. Gifts are given to the guests to thank them for coming and to ask that the songs they have heard that day be remembered for next year. There are also songs for

47. Chinookan - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia chinookan refers to several groups of native americans in the Pacific Northwest External links. chinook Indian website chinook Nation Official Website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan

Chinookan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Interior of a Chinookan plankhouse in the 1850s Chinookan refers to several groups of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . In the early 19th century , the Chinookan peoples lived along the lower and middle Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington . The Chinookan tribes were those encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in on the lower Columbia. Contents Chinookan groups Famous Chinookans See also External links ... edit Chinookan groups Chinookan groups include: Cathlamet Cathlahmahs Chilluckittequaw Clatsop ... Echelut (Wishram-Wasco), Killaniuck Klickitat Multnomah Skilloot ... Wahkiakum (Wac-ki-a-cum) Wappato Wascopan Watlata (Cascade or Wishram). Most surviving Chinookan natives live in the towns of Bay Center Chinook , and Ilwaco in southwest Washington edit Famous Chinookans Ranald MacDonald 3 February August 24 ), a half-Chinookan, born in Fort Astoria, Oregon , to Archibald MacDonald , a Scottish Hudson's Bay Company fur trader, and Raven, a Chinook Indian "princess"[?], was the first man to teach English in Japan , in 1847-1848, including educating Einosuke Moriyama , one of the chief interpreters to later handle the negotiations between Commodore Perry and the Tokugawa Shogunate edit See also Chinookan languages edit External links Chinook Indian website Chinook Nation Official Website edit Bibliography This section is a stub . You can help by adding to it Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan

48. Summyr Wyatt of native American Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. 11. Webber, Bert.indians Along Trafzer, Clifford E. chinook (indians of North America)....... http://courses.washington.edu/tande/col/summyr.htm

Summyr Wyatt Summyr Wyatt Proposal for research paper Indian Fishing Tribes of the lower Columbia River Bibliography Attwell, Jim. Tahmahnaw, The Bridge of the Gods. Tahlkie Books, Skamania, Washington. 1973. A book which depicts the Columbia River Gorge from a mythical point of view as they have been told by Native Americans of the region throughout time. Barsh, Russel L. The Washington Fishing Rights Controversy - An Economic Critique. Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 1977. An overview of treaties and rights of Native American fishing rights along the Washington coast and inland rivers. Buerge, David. 1992 The Columbia Gorge. Sasquatch Books, Seattle, WA. 1992. Buerge dipicts the Columbia River Gorge from a tourists view; providing information and history on various locations throughout the Gorge. DeVoto, Bernard. Journals of Lewis and Clark. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1953. Lewis and Clarks journals reproduced. McKeown, Martha Ferguson. Come to our Salmon Feast.

49. Catholic Native American Indian Mission Church School Records Sources Guide - Ar Guides to CatholicRelated native American Records Siletz Confederatedindians chinook, Klamath (Washington). Cree indians (Canada, Montana, http://www.marquette.edu/library/collections/archives/NativeGuide/Mguide-intro-n

Guides to Catholic-Related Native American Records Glossary: Native-related Groups in the United States and Elsewhere These groups are documented by Catholic-related records held in Midwest and Western repositories. Their names are arranged alphabetically by Library of Congress subject headings, followed by alternate ethnographic names in brakets. The places in parentheses correspond to locations noted in the records, past and present. Several groups are located in more than one region. Eastern United States [17] Abenaki Indians (Maine) Mayas (Florida, Guatemala, Mexico) Alabama Indians (Louisiana, Texas) Mohawk Indians [Iroquois] (New York, Canada) Catawba Indians (North Carolina) Onondaga Indians [Iroquois] (New York) Cherokee Indians (Kansas?, North Carolina, Oklahoma) Passamaquoddy Indians (Maine) Chitimacha Indians (Louisiana) Penobscot Indians (Maine) Choctaw Indians (Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma) Piscataway Indians (Maryland) Coushata Indians [Koasati] (Louisiana, Texas)

50. Native American Essays The types of myths varies greatly among native American Indian groups. The chinook indians Delineates the life, social structure, and the importance of http://www.essays-now.com/show_cat.php?catid=50

51. Ethnic Bibliography / Book List Of The Northwest - Washington State / British Co In Vain I Tried To Tell You, Essays in native American Ethnopoetics. The chinook indians Traders of the Lower Columbia River. http://www.ibike.org/bibliography/nw-books.htm

Bibliography / Book List of Northwest Ethnic Heritage If you link to Barnes and Noble from the links in the bibliography and purchase something, the International Bicycle Fund will benefit slightly from your purchase. Thanks for your help. To help on your search for knowledge we provide the following bibliographies / book lists. The variety of subject matter these publications cover foretells of the diversity you will find in the area. Specific titles are sometimes hard to find. Even if your local bookstore or library doesn't have the specific titles listed, pick up what is available. We welcome you comments and suggestions on books and articles to add. African Asian Chinese Chinook ... Native American African Americans Adams, John. Old Square-Toes and His Lady: The Life of James and Amelia Douglas. de Barros, Paul. Jackson Street after Hours: The Roots of Jazz in Seattle . Sasquatch Books, 1993. Henry, Mary T., Tribute: A Guide to Seattle’s Public Parks and Buildings Named for Black People, with Brief Biographical Sketches. Statice Press, 1997.

52. Native American Documents Project robbed by indians in 1855 D261. chinook indians. boundaries in 1850 D32.Cholcultah (George). punished accused thieves in 1855 D2612. Christmas http://www.csusm.edu/nadp/dindex.htm

NADP Homepage INDEX TO ROGUE RIVER WAR AND AND SILETZ RESERVATION DOCUMENTS Act of 27 February 1851 and treaties D20:2 Adams, John delivered speech in 1903 D57:294 invited dissenters to council D105:4-5 on land negotiation committee in 1892 D86:7 signed 1878 petition D94:4 Agreement of 31 October 1892 Agriculture fruit trees died in transit to Siletz D74:3-4 land on Siletz in 1879 D53:238 mill needed at Umpqua Sub-Agency D22:3 mills on Siletz Reservation in 1883 D60:188-89 ... taught on Siletz Reservation D100:1 Alcohol abuse on Siletz Reservation in 1903 D57:293 sale witnesses in trial in 1879 D105:7 trade in southwest Oregon to be suppressed in 1850 D2:1 traders intercepted by superintendent in 1850 D3:3 Allotment and 1892 purchase of Siletz Indian land D80:4-9 land on Siletz surveyed for allotment in 1879 D109:2 on Siletz Reservation in 1871 D83:2 problems on Siletz Reservation D98:2-4 Alsea Indians conditions in 1877 D85:1-4 fishing rights and homes in 1879 D111:1-2 moved to Siletz Reservation in 1877 D89:1-7 on Siletz Reservation in 1882 D54:202 ... tried to locate homesteads in 1879 D109:3 Alsea Jackson signed petition D94:4 Alsea Reservation pressure to close criticized in 1867 D93:2-3 took in Coos and Umpquas in 1860 D65:1 Alsea River and Indian fishing in 1877 D85:1 in 1855 description of Coast Reservation D28:1 Althouse Creek boundary of land ceded 10 September 1853 treaty D18:4 in treaty of 8 September 1853 D17:1 Alvord, Gen. Benjamin

53. Native Americans Blackfoot History And Culture (Blackfeet Indians) History of the native American Indian Dog Image gallery documenting Piegan andother Indian relationships with their dogs (long load time, but worth it http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot_culture.htm

Index of Native American languages Index of Native American nations What's new on our site today! Blackfoot Culture and History Links As a complement to our Blackfoot language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Blackfoot people and various aspects of their society. The emphasis of these pages is on American Indians as a living people with a present and future as well as a past. Blackfoot history is interesting and important, but the Blackfoot are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary artwork as well as archaeology exhibits, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday. Suggestions for new links are always welcome Tribal and Community Links Blackfeet Nation Homepage of the Blackfeet tribe of Montana. Blood Tribe Homepage of the Kainai First Nation in Alberta. Blackfeet Tribal Business Council Contact information and links for the Blackfeet Tribe. Montana-Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council Coalition of ten Indian tribes in Montana and Wyoming.

54. American Indians chinook (spoken language nearly extinct) 12 speakers of Kiksht dialect Educators of American Indian and Alaskan native students are concerned for a http://otec.uoregon.edu/american_indians.htm

OTEC Home Page Annotated Reference List American Indians Information and Communication Technology in education is a major challenge to the American Indian population of Oregon and the other states in the US. The map at the right shows the locations of the nine Confederated American Indian Tribes in Oregon. This Website page is designed to help people who are working to improve the education of American Indians. While the specific focus in on American Indians in Oregon, many of the references are national in scope. Introduction Languages (Oregon Data) Map and Addresses for Confederated American Indian Tribes of Oregon Non-Confederated American Indian Tribes of Oregon ... Top of Page Introduction "Under treaties, statutes and executive orders, the federal government has the responsibility to provide Native Americans education and access to educational institutions," says Davis-White Eyes. "Since institutions of higher education are essential elements in fulfilling this responsibility, it is the wish of the University of Oregon to acknowledge and uphold both the concept of tribal sovereignty for those nations currently within the borders of the state of Oregon, and the aboriginal rights of those nations which formerly resided within the state and were forcibly removed or systematically dispossessed of ancestral lands." (In-state Fees)

55. Chinook And Clatsop Relationship With US - Websites chinook indians http//www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/idx_chi.html This siteis part of the chinook Indian site from the American Indian Tribe page http://www.trailtribes.org/fortclatsop/recommended-websites.htm

Lower Chinook and Clatsop Traditional Culture Since Time Immemorial Who's Who ... References Cited Contemporary Culture Language Sovereignty Environmental History Recommended Websites Relationship with U.S. Early Coastal Exploration Strangers Arrive Maritime Fur Trade Fort Clatsop Winter ... References Cited Recommended Websites Official Website of the Chinook Nation http://www.chinooknation.org/ Excellent site integrates contemporary and historic information. Tribal council, announcements, culture and photo archives, events listing, contact info and more. Origin Story of the Chinook http://hpccsun.unl.edu/nebraska/stuproj/ametf99/wenzl/chinook.html This is a rendition of the creation story of the Chinook people. It is how they and other tribes near them were created. Chinook People http://schools.gorge.net/hrcsd/westside/4mIndians.htm This is a page from the Westside Elementary in Hood River, Oregon site, the listings here have been created by 4th Graders in something they call the Trails Project. It is a very cute little set of pieces and gives tidbits about the Chinook. Chinook Indians http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/idx_chi.html

56. Native American Collection By Title chinook indians, The Traders of the Lower Columbia River Cry of the ThunderbirdThe American Indian s Own Story. Hamilton, Charles http://www.sanjuan.k12.ut.us/media/NACtitlecd.html

57. Native American Collection By Number 301-400 Attitudes of Colonial Powers Toward the American Indian. Peckham, Howard andCharles Gibson, chinook indians, The Traders of the Lower Columbia River http://www.sanjuan.k12.ut.us/media/NACnumb4.html

58. Homework Helper - Native Americans http//www.archaeolink.com/chinook.htm Links and Resources. Chippewa;The Chippewa native American Indian Art, Culture, Education, History, Science http://www.mcallen.lib.tx.us/library/child/homework/natams.htm

McAllen Memorial Library Homework Helper Native Americans Alphabetical List of Individual Tribes Native American History Sites Texas Indians Native Americans Today Alphabetical List of Individual Tribes A B C D ... Z <== For Texas Indians information, look for TEXAS A [Abenaki] Abenaki Home Page http://millennianet.com/slmiller/abenaki/index.htm [Abenaki] The Abenaki http://www.archaeolink.com/abenaki_indians_social_studies.htm -Links and Resources [Abenaki] Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook-Abenaki People: Home Page http://www.cowasuck.org/ [Accohannock] Accohannock: A Living Village http://skipjack.net/le_shore/accohannock/ [Achomawi] The Achomawi of Northern California http://www.fourdir.com/achomawi.htm [Akokisas] See The Atakapan Indian Groups [Akwesasne] The Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne http://www.peacetree.com/akwesasne/home.htm [Alabama-Coushatta] Alabama-Coushatta Indians http://www.texasindians.com/albam.htm [Alabama-Coushatta] The Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas http://www.alabama-coushatta.com [Algonquin] The Algonquin http://www.archaeolink.com/algonquin_indians_native_america.htm

59. OPB: The Oregon Story Approximately 100 tribes of native americans inhabit the region we define asOregon today. chinook Indian Tribe is formally recognized by US government. http://www.opb.org/programs/oregonstory/tribal_econ/timeline.html

var setLoc = ''; var setDepth = ''; pixPath(setDepth) HOME TELEVISION RADIO NEWSROOM ... SHOP A Chronology of Tribal Economy in Oregon Thousands of years before present Approximately 100 tribes of Native Americans inhabit the region we define as Oregon today. Spanish galleons explore the coast of Oregon. Capt. Robert Gray trades with Native Americans in Tillamook Bay. Captains Lewis and Clark travel with their party from Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia River. President Thomas Jefferson believes a settlement at Astoria will be a key to expanding the American empire west all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Oregon's streams, rivers, and lakes teem with beaver, and trade in beaver pelts attracts explorers, trappers, and traders to the region. Native Americans trap beaver pelts and trade them to European traders. Astoria is established by the Pacific Fur Company. U.S. War Department creates separate department to handle Indian affairs. Fever epidemic causes death of many Indians. Methodist missionaries create Indian school in Salem, which later becomes Willamette University. Civil government is established in the Oregon Country. Major immigration to Oregon begins along the Oregon Trail, with over 53,000 people traveling the Oregon Trail between 1840 and 1850.

60. Awesome Library - Social_Studies Nations of native americans A - F (StateLocalGov.net) Marie Tribe of Chippewaindians (MI), Seminole Tribe (FL), Seneca Nation of indians (NY), http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/Social_Studies/Multicultural/Native_Amer

Search Spelling Here: Home Classroom Social Studies Multicultural > Native American Groups Native American Groups Sub-Topics Apache Cherokee Comanche Hopi ... Sioux Also Try Ancient Native Americans Native American Languages in General Native Americans Lists -Tribes and Nations - First Nations (Matin) Provides a comprehensive set of resources, organized by subject. 2-01 Papers -Contact Information for Native Tribes of the USA and Canada (First Nations) Provides an alphabetical listing of tribes, along with their contact information. Includes federally recognized tribes, state recognized tribes, and Native organizations without federal or state recognition. 9-05 -Nations - History (First Nations) Provides an excellent description of tribes and nations. It is the source for many other Native American resources in this section. 9-05 -Nations of Native Americans A - F (NativeWeb) Includes Abenaki, Aberesh, Acadians, Accohannock, Acjachemem, Acoma, Ainu, Akha, Akwesasne, Algonquin, Alutiiq, Ani-Stohini - Unami, Anishinaabe, Anishinabek, Apache, Arapaho, Arawak, Ashaninka, Assiniboine, Athabascan, Aymara, Aztec (Nahua), Barona, Basque, Berber, Blackfeet, Blackfoot, Caddo, Cajun, Carib, Cayuga, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chickasaw, Chicora, Chinook, Chippewa, Choctaw, Chumash, Coeur d'Alene, Cofan, Colville, Comanche, Commanche, Costanoan, Cowlitz, Cree, Creek (Muskogee), Crow, Dakota, Delaware, Dogon, Edisto, Euchee, Evenki, Fernandeño/Tataviam, and Flathead. -Nations of Native Americans A - F (NativeWeb) Includes Abenaki, Aberesh, Acadians, Accohannock, Acjachemem, Acoma, Ainu, Akha, Akwesasne, Algonquin, Alutiiq, Ani-Stohini - Unami, Anishinaabe, Anishinabek, Apache, Arapaho, Arawak, Ashaninka, Assiniboine, Athabascan, Aymara, Aztec (Nahua), Barona, Basque, Berber, Blackfeet, Blackfoot, Caddo, Cajun, Carib, Cayuga, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chickasaw, Chicora, Chinook, Chippewa, Choctaw, Chumash, Coeur d'Alene, Cofan, Colville, Comanche, Commanche, Costanoan, Cowlitz, Cree, Creek (Muskogee), Crow, Dakota, Delaware, Dogon, Edisto, Euchee, Evenki, Fernandeño/Tataviam, and Flathead.

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