101. Karger Publishers 4 Kuroda S Grouping of the pygmy chimpanzees. primates 1979;20161183.External Resources; 5 Kano T Social behaviour of wild pygmy chimpanzees (Pan http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ProduktNr=

102. THEORY OF MIND IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES primates 26168181. Swartz, KB Evans, S. (1991) Not all chimpanzees showself-recognition. primates, 32 483-496. Terrace, HS, Petitto, LA, Sanders, http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/05/46/bbs00000546-00/bbs.heyes.html

Below is the unedited preprint (not a quotable final draft) of: Heyes, C. M. (1998). Theory of mind in nonhuman primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences The final published draft of the target article, commentaries and Author's Response are currently available only in paper. For information on becoming a commentator on this or other BBS target articles, write to: bbs@soton.ac.uk For information about subscribing or purchasing offprints of the published version, with commentaries and author's response, write to: journals_subscriptions@cup.org (North America) or journals_marketing@cup.cam.ac.uk (All other countries). THEORY OF MIND IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES C. M. Heyes Department of Psychology University College London Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom c.heyes@ucl.ac.uk Keywords apes; associative learning; concepts; convergence; deception; evolution of intelligence; folk psychology; imitation; mental state attribution; monkeys; parsimony; perspective-taking; primates; role-taking; self-recognition; social cognition; social intelligence; theory of mind. Abstract Premack & Woodruff (1978) asked "Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?". Since it was posed, nearly 20 years ago, Premack & Woodruff's question has dominated the study of both social behavior in nonhuman primates (henceforward simply "primates") and cognitive development in children, but progress in the two fields has been markedly different. Developmentalists have established empirical methods to investigate children's understanding of mentality, and, forging links with philosophy of mind and philosophy of science, they have mustered the conceptual resources for disciplined dispute about the origins (innate module, convention or testing), on-line control (simulation or inference), and epistemic status (stance, theory or direct knowledge) of human folk psychology (e.g. Goldman 1993; Gopnik 1993; Gopnik & Wellman 1994). In contrast, those working with primates have continued to struggle with the basic question of whether

103. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata Save the Chimps Group that cares for abandoned and orphaned chimpanzees.The Most Powerful Chimpanzee of the Netherlands - Research on the Arnhem Zoo http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/C

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104. Uncaged Campaigns Animal Rights News Archive than 100 chimpanzees as part of a collection of about 1500 primates that are used keeps more than 100 chimpanzees and hundreds of other primates in http://www.uncaged.co.uk/news0105.htm

ABOUT US: about uncaged roll of honour latest news news archive ... home TOPICS: vivisection - the facts political animals xenotransplantation iams ... links ACTION: uncaged action diary dates email campaigns join us / donations News Archive Monkey Business A damning report launched in London reveals how hundreds of primates are confined in appalling conditions at the Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) at Rijswijk in the Netherlands. It has prompted renewed calls for the EU to ban experiments on great apes and to close the BPRC, which is the only laboratory left in Europe that still uses chimpanzees. The centre houses more than 100 chimpanzees as part of a collection of about 1,500 primates that are used in a variety of experiments, from being infected with AIDS and hepatitis, to being the recipients of transgenic pig organs. The report, by The Coalition to End Experiments on Chimpanzees in Europe (CEECE), says the BPRC, Europe's largest primate laboratory, keeps more than 100 chimpanzees and hundreds of other primates in appalling conditions that the Dutch Government has acknowledged "do not meet generally accepted standards." Many of these animals are confined to cages so small that they cannot stretch their bodies, with chimpanzees sometimes housed in individual cages. Chimpanzees as young as two years old exhibit disturbed behaviour, such as repeated rocking motions, and small groups of distressed infant chimpanzees routinely separated from their mothers have no option but to cling to one another for comfort. Many of these animals are confined to cages so small that they cannot stretch their bodies, with chimpanzees often housed in individual cages.

105. The Daily Ablution: July 2004 Archives The major implications of the study were not only that chimpanzees shared with some of the (purported) ablilites of chimpanzees upon lower primates. http://dailyablution.blogs.com/the_daily_ablution/2004/07/

The Daily Ablution "Washing brains since 2003" Your host, Scott Burgess Syndicate this site (XML) Recent Posts Hiatus Return of the Prodigal IFC Protest at WTC Two Week Semi-Hiatus ... The Indy Takes its Turn Possibly Worth a Visit (Some of) The Real Life Adventures of JoJo and The Boy Jay Manifold's A Voyage to Arcturus Samizdata ChicagoBoyz ... November 2003 var site="s17tapir" Main July 31, 2004 Vacances I'm off for a one-week holiday in Lyon. However, there will be new content every day next week - I've arranged for some guest posters to cover for me. Who knows, I may manage a post or a comment or two myself! € bient´t Permalink Comments (3) July 30, 2004 Monkeying With the Facts The animal rights debate has been getting massive attention in the UK press these last few days, and the coverage continues today, with multiple articles in every paper. All three broadsheets report the Lobster Liberation Front story that I wrote about last week . What took them so long? Johann Hari , in the Independent £1 to read online ), tells the story of his change of heart with respect to animal research, brought about via his interview with Peter Singer , the grandfather of the animal rights movement. While the column's headline proclaims that Hari has "

106. Crows As Clever As Great Apes, Study Says A new study suggests their cognitive abilities are a match for primates such aschimpanzees and gorillas. Furthermore, crows may provide clues to http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1209_041209_crows_apes.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Crows as Clever as Great Apes, Study Says James Owen in London for National Geographic News December 9, 2004 Anyone who has watched crows, jays, ravens and other members of the corvid family will know they're anything but "birdbrained." For instance, jays will sit on ant nests, allowing the angry insects to douse them with formic acid, a natural pesticide which helps rid the birds of parasites. Urban-living carrion crows have learned to use road traffic for cracking tough nuts. They do this at traffic light crossings, waiting patiently with human pedestrians for a red light before retrieving their prize. Yet corvids may be even cleverer than we think. A new study suggests their cognitive abilities are a match for primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas. Furthermore, crows may provide clues to understanding human intelligence. Published tomorrow in the journal Science

107. Project Primate Inc.... Helping Orphaned Chimpanzees Information about the Chimpanzee Conservation Center, a sanctuary for orphanedchimps in Guinea, West Africa. http://www.projectprimate.org/

Mission Statement History/Background Facilities Geography ... Donations Check back often to see the latest news from Project Primate and the Chimpanzee Conservation Center posted here. July, 2005 Annual Report for 2004 now available. November, 2004 Microscope donated to Project Primate/CCC. June, 2004 Annual Report for 2003 now available. June, 2004 The CCC continues education efforts by creating radio spots and distributing stickers March, 2004 Estelle Raballand wins Humane Society International's Award for Extraordinary Commitment and Achievement View recent video made of Project Primate on-site at CCC. The video was created by the Humane Society of the US, with footage courtesy of Envoye Special team from France 2; the video was shown at the recent award cerimony. (get windows media player to view video) March, 2004 March 1st: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) signs grant to Project Primate for $46,349. December, 2003 Project Primate is pleased to announce a $30,000 grant from The Arcus Foundation . The chimps and all of us at Project Primate wish to extend our heartiest thanks for this generous assistance. August 15, 2003

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