21. Visit To Chile, 2003 In 1993, chile adopted the indigenous peoples Act (Act No. 19.253), in which theState recognizes indigenous people as “the descendants of human groups that http://www.iwgia.org/sw1926.asp

The Commission on Human Rights The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues The Working Group on Indigenous Populations The Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ... International Decades on Indigenous Peoples Stavenhagen's mission to Chile July 18-29, 2003 Despite the efforts made since the country's return to democracy, the indigenous population continues to be largely ignored and excluded from public life as a result of a long history of rejection, social and economic exclusion and discrimination by the majority in society as the Special Rapporteur states in his report. Chile has still not undertaken constitutional reform in this area and has not yet ratified the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (No. 169) of the International Labour Organization (ILO). Poverty Human rights problems continue to affect all the indigenous peoples in the country, although public attention has mostly focused on the situation of the Mapuche people. Attention should be drawn above all to the high levels of poverty among indigenous peoples and their low standard of living, which, according to various human development indicators, is below the national average. The Government's welfare policies are important but have so far not been sufficient to redress this situation. One of the most serious long-standing problems affecting indigenous peoples in Chile, according to the Special Rapporteur, relates to land ownership and territorial rights, as a result of a long process that has left them stripped of their lands and resources.

22. Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights indigenous peoples in chile, particularly the Mapuche, have taken advantage ofthe educational system as much as possible; there are many Mapuche scholars http://www.hrusa.org/indig/reports/mapuche.htm

The Mapuche People of South America Background For most of the time since independence, Chile has pursued policies explicitly meant to take control of Mapuche territories. The political, cultural and social independence of the Mapuche was explicitly denied, and even now the Chilean Constitution does not recognize the distinct political and cultural identities of indigenous peoples within Chile. However, in 1993 a law was passed to recognize, protect and support indigenous peoples (Law 19.253 for the Protection, Promotion and Development of Indigenous People). There are five main foci of the law: political participation, education, land rights, cultural rights, and development rights. These are meant to address the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples as set by UN Convention No. 169: The Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. MAP OF CHILE Source: WorldAtlas.com http://www.graphicmaps.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/maps/clmap.htm Current Struggles Hydroelectric development: Perhaps one of the most important struggles for the Mapuche is the movement against hydro-electric development in their territories, on the Bío Bío River. In the Bío Bío project, the energy company ENDESA, S.A. (owned by Spanish parent company Enersis Group) plans to build six dams along the Bío Bío River for hydro-electric power. The project began with the Pangue dam, and construction of the second dam (Ralco) is currently underway. The Mapuche were not included in the planning for this project. In fact, two Mapuche representatives in the Chilean government were dismissed because of their resistance to the project. After their dismissal, the president appointed a non-Mapuche to the position, and the project was approved.

23. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America - LANIC Translate this page chile Back to Top. 1984 Report on Situation of Mapuche in chile United NationsDraft Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/indigenous/

Indigenous Peoples Regional Resources The Amazon: Amazon Conservation Team Amazonlink Informação sobre a Amazônia Amazon Watch Americas.org Resource Center of the Americas The Andes: Aymara Net Various Information Relating to the Aymaras in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador Cultures of the Andes Archive of Indigenous Languages of Latin America, AIILA or AILLA The Caribbean: Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink KACIKE Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology Center for World Indigenous Studies CWIS Construyendo Alternativas Frente al Neoliberalismo Culturas Pre-Colombinas Instituto Indigenista Interamericano Legislación Indígena Banco Interamericano de Desarollo Mesoamerica: Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations Kevin Callahan GB Online's Mesoamerica Religions Pueblos Indígenas y Desarrollo Comunitario BID Quechua Network Society for the Study of Indigenous Languages of the Americas SSILA Country Resources Argentina Belize Exploring Maya Caves of West-Central Belize Interactive Dig K'axob and Xibun Mayan Ruins Maya Sites in Belize Western Belize Regional Cave Project Bolivia Apoyo Para el Campesino Indígena del Oriente Boliviano APCOB ASUR Instituto de Lenguaje y Cultura Aymara ILCA, La Paz

24. Chile: Mapuche Acquitted A Second Time (Human Rights Watch, 22-7-2005) Human Rights Watch and indigenous peoples’ Rights Watch have opposed the and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people have recommended that chile’s http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/07/22/chile11410.htm

Home News Releases About HRW Get Involved ... RSS Chile: Mapuche Acquitted a Second Time (Temuco, Chile, July 22, 2005) — The acquittal in southern Chile of five Mapuche defendants and a non-Mapuche sympathizer who were charged under Chile’s antiterrorism law is a victory for justice, Human Rights Watch and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Watch said today. The Chilean government should take careful note of today’s verdict and stop using the country’s antiterrorism law in cases for which it clearly is inapplicable. José Miguel Vivanco, Americas director for Human Rights Watch Printer Friendly Version Related Material Chile: Mapuche Defendants Acquitted of Unjust Terrorism Charges Advocacy Impact, December 15, 2004 Chile: Mapuche Acquitted of Terrorism Charges Press Release, November 4, 2004 Chile: Terror Law Violates Due Process for Mapuche Press Release, October 27, 2004 Undue Process: Terrorism Trials, Military Courts and the Mapuche in Southern Chile Report, October 27, 2004 More Information on Human Rights in Chile Country Page Free Email Newsletter Contribute to Human Rights Watch At the trial, which ended today, a court in Temuco ruled two to one to reject charges of illicit terrorist association brought against the defendants, members of an indigenous community affected by longstanding land conflicts.

25. Chile: Terror Law Violates Due Process For Mapuche (Human Rights Watch, 27-10-20 The government’s use of this law against the Mapuche violates chile’s legal The report by Human Rights Watch and indigenous peoples’ Rights Watch also http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/26/chile9566.htm

Home News Releases About HRW Get Involved ... RSS Chile: Terror Law Violates Due Process for Mapuche (Santiago, October 27, 2004) — The use of an antiterrorism law to try Mapuche accused of acts of violence violates the basic due process rights of these indigenous defendants, Human Rights Watch and the Chilean organization Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Watch said in a report published today. Printer Friendly Version Also Available in Related Material Undue Process: Terrorism Trials, Military Courts and the Mapuche in Southern Chile Report, October 27, 2004 More Information on Human Rights in Chile Country Page Chile: Mapuches Convicted of “Terrorism” Press Release, August 23, 2004 Free Email Newsletter Contribute to Human Rights Watch The 60-page report, “ Undue Process: Terrorism Trials, Military Courts and the Mapuche in Southern Chile ,” shows how Mapuche defendants charged with terrorist acts face unequal trials for crimes that do not pose a direct threat to life, liberty or physical integrity. The use of extraordinary procedures, which were established in the antiterrorism law to tackle the most extreme political violence, is wholly unjustified when dealing with crimes attributed to the Mapuche that are mostly against property. “Chile’s antiterrorism law is inapplicable to these criminal acts. The government’s use of this law against the Mapuche violates Chile’s legal obligations to ensure the rights of everyone, including the Mapuche, to due process,” said José Miguel Vivanco, executive director of the Americas Division of Human Rights Watch. “To make matters worse, when the Mapuche appear before military courts, either as defendants or victims of abuses, they face a true denial of justice.”

26. Indigenous Russian Association of indigenous peoples of the North Mapuche in chile,indigenous peoples and Nations of Nicaragua s Atlantic Coast Region, Yanomami http://globalcircle.net/00indigenous.htm

indigenous human rights corporations environment sustainable agriculture ... African diaspora Main Topic Index A B C D ... Z Continent Index for Countries Africa Asia Pacific Canada ... World indigenous peoples Pacific, Australia, polar Europe, Middle East, Asia Africa The Americas ... USA More Books "I did not know how much was ended. When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as I saw them with eyes still young. And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the blizzard. A people's dream died there. It was a beautiful dream... "The nation's hoop is broken and scattered. There is no center any longer, and the sacred tree is dead." Black Elk, Oglala Holy Man ...on the aftermath of the Massacre at Wounded Knee Center for World Indigenous Studies (see below) Cultural Survival Quarterly - 'to defend the human rights and cultural autonomy of indigenous peoples and oppressed ethnic minorities.'

27. REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES VOICE HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNS Representatives of indigenous peoples from around the world voiced particular chile’s representative, in addition, replied to two organizations which, http://www.un.org/rights/indigenous/hr4599.doc.htm

28. International Indian Treaty Council Response To The UN WCAR As the Mapuche in chile, indigenous peoples of Colombia, the Katio Embera, arealso being displaced from their traditional lands as their rivers are dammed. http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/IITC.html

U. of S. Native Law INTERNATIONAL INDIAN TREATY COUNCIL 2390 Mission St., Suite 301 San Francisco, CA. 94110 Telephone (415) 641-4482 Fax (415) 641-1298 email: iitc@igc.apc.org World Conference Against Racism Regional Prepcom for the Americas, Santiago Chile, December 3-6, 2000 Written intevention by the International Indian Treaty Council, an Indigenous NGO with ECOSOC Consultative Status In spite of the first two World Conferences to Combat Racism and their calls that Indigenous Peoples have a right to their lands and natural resources that must be protected, Indigenous Peoples continue to lose their lands at an alarming rate, seemingly a continuation of the Conquest of the Americas. Reuters recently reported on a recent contact with the Naua tribe in Brazil, thought to be extinct, who emerged from the Amazon to protest the creation of a national park on their lands. The reaction of Brazilian authorities quoted by Reuters, was that the Naua had been found in a national preserve and they would have to be moved: No humans are allowed in the park, just the forest and the animals.

29. Chile: Some Mapuche Sign Pact, Others Protest Moneda government palace, pledging respect for chile s indigenous peoples.Dressed in traditional indigenous clothing, Frei also announced an investment http://www.converge.org.nz/lac/articles/news990812a.htm

Latin American Report Chilean Indigenous Leaders Arrested in Land Struggle Elderly Indigenous Women Tried by Military Courts (8/4/1999) Government Accused of Undermining Indigenous Rights (14/3/1999) Regional : Politics : X Military : Environment : Rights : Education : NZ Links : Aid/Relief : Economics : X Indigenous : X Health : Chile: 12 August 1999 Some Mapuche Sign Pact, Others Protest Although dozens of "lonkos" and "machis"the top authorities of Mapuche communitieswere present for the ceremony, others protested the pact. Before the signing, Mapuche and environmental demonstrators threw eggs and paint at La Moneda, and shouted at the indigenous representatives entering the building, calling them sellouts. Seven people were arrested, according to police. Protesters were especially angry that the pact makes no mention of the Mapuche communities' principal demand: the return of their ancestral lands. Mapuche communities have clashed in recent weeks with logging companies in southern Chile, who they say are usurping their lands. At least one of the people who attended the signing also protested; a Mapuche woman interrupted the ceremony to shout at Frei that he should "return our lands to us." [CNN en Espanol 8/5/99, with info from reporter Alberto Pando, Reuters, Associated Press; La Tercera 8/6/99] Weekly News Update on the Americas * Nicaragua Solidarity Network of NY http://home.earthlink.net/~dbwilson/wnuhome.html

30. Rights Group Warns Of Civil War Risk In Chile this month that conflict with chile s indigenous peoples could lead to a national In recent months the Mapuche, chile s largest indigenous group, http://www.mapuche.nl/english/01april.htm

Mapuche information in English april Monday, April 30, 2001 Rights group warns of civil war risk in Chile. The Inter-American Human Rights Commission has warned of indigenous uprisings in Latin America, writes John Kavanagh THE AMERICAS: The third Summit of the Americas, held in Quebec earlier this month, agreed the goal of achieving a tariff-free market from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego in southern Chile by the year 2005. The prospect of a market embracing 800 million people has been strongly supported by business interests in the US, and by the governments of Latin America, anxious to modernise. However, although the summit agenda included the alleviation of poverty and easier access to education, many human rights activists believe that only corporate America will benefit from the market, not the poor and indigenous people of Latin America. The Inter-American Human Rights Commission (IAHRC) starkly warned Chile's President Ricardo Lagos this month that conflict with Chile's indigenous peoples could lead to a national civil war unless their interests are given greater priority in the country's political agenda. IAHRC president, Mr Claudio Grossmann, said Chile's Mapuche conflict is similar to indigenous conflicts across the whole of the American continent, where hundreds of uprisings could escalate.

31. Indigenous Peoples Of South America This site presents information on indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, Peru and parts of chile, Though we call these civilizations Andean it should http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/indigenouspeoples/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Travel South America for Visitors History Indigenous Peoples Travel Go South America Essentials Plan Your Trip ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the South America for Visitors newsletter! See Online Courses Search South America for Visitors Indigenous Peoples of South America History, anthroplogy, descriptions, customs, languages and current status of the indigenous tribes of South America. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Abipon "The Abipon were an indigenous people of South America. They lived in the lower Bermejo River area in the Argentine Gran Chaco. The tribe was one of the tribes that belonged to the linguistic group Guaycuru." Abya Yala Net "This site presents information on Indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, and South America." Amazon Tribes: Isolated by Choice? "No one knows precisely how many people live in isolation from the industrial-technological world. Many of these people, perhaps thousands, are believed to thrive in the remote stretches of the Amazon River Basin of South America." Andean History "At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the last years of the fifteenth century, the native population of the South America, was estimated to have numbered 10 to 15 million, more than half of whom lived in the the northern and central Andes and adjacent areas."

32. Carta De La Comisión Nacional Indígena De Chile Al BID The indigenous peoples of chile represent approximately 10 percent of the nationalpopulation. The main problem such peoples ( ethnics in the language of http://members.aol.com/mapulink2/english-2/letter-13.html

National Commission of Indigenous Peoples of Chile Letter from the National Indigenous Commission to BID MR: ENRIQUE V. IGLESIAS DIRECTOR-GENERAL INTERAMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (BID) WASHINGTON, USA. FAX: 001-202-623.30.96 Santiago, 3th February 2001 Dear Sir, We the undersigned, the steering committee of the National Interim Commission for Self-Determination of the Indigenous Peoples of Chile and for Ratification of Convention 169 of the ILO (International Labour Organisation), have learned, by way of the press, that the Chilean government, via the Ministry of Planning, will request a loan or credit facility from the institution of which you are Director. This will be, among other things, to "promote the development of the 'ethnic groups' of Chile" and to "allocate funding to regions with a Mapuche population". With regard to these proposals we would like to draw your attention to the following: 1). The indigenous peoples of Chile represent approximately 10 percent of the national population. The main problem such peoples ('ethnics' in the language of the Chilean government), are currently facing is a general policy of discrimination and denial of rights which threatens the dignity of indigenous peoples. It is a policy which denies and distorts the history of Chile, which denies and restricts human rights and fundamental freedoms, and prevents participation on terms of equality and the construction of a lasting democracy. 2). In Chile, at the present time, there is no respect for, in particular, our rights to recuperate, own, control, administrate and develop our lands and the natural and spiritual resources therein. At the same time we are also denied our right to maintain, recreate, project and transmit our cultural heritage to the future generations of our people.

33. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America Web links related to South America and its people. indigenous Culture Links.Brasil - chile - Ecuador - Mexico - Ethnic Groups - International http://www.auswebcom.com.au/lacomunidad/indigenous.html

LaComunidad Links By Country Pic Corner Indigenous Culture Books ... Home Valley of the Spirits : A Journey into the Lost Realm of the Aymara Indigenous Culture - Links Brasil Chile Ecuador Mexico ... General Brasil Amanaka'a Amazon Network Documentacao Indigenista e Ambiental Indios No Brasil Chile (To Top) Lengua y Cultura Kawesqar Precolumbian Civilizations Ecuador (To Top) Grupo Osanimi Jarun Sacha Foundation Mexico (To Top) Congreso Nacional Indigena Culturas Precolombinas Feathered Serpent Pyramid Pages ... Tarlton Law Library Resources on Aztec and Mayan Law Ethnic Groups (To Top) Aztec Mexico Aztecas Bibliography on Aztec History Guarani Brazil The Guarani Say: Death Before Eviction Paraguay Guarani Home Page Learn Guarani Online Interactive Guarani Dictionary Inca Inca Empire Quechua Songs, Poems, Stories, Photos Words On Quechua The Incas ... Quechua Language Homepage Mapuche 1984 Report of Situation in Chile Mapuche The Mapuche Language Nuke Mapu Maya 500 Years of Sacrifice Before Alien Gods Rigoberta Menchu Arte Maya Tz'utuhil Belize: The Mayan Ruins Chiapas Chiapas, And the Women?

34. INDIGENOUS YOUTH DECLARATION “WORKING FOR THE RIGHTS AND RECOGNITION OF indigenous peoples indigenous YOUTHDECLARATION. Americas WCAR Prepcom, Santiago chile, December 2000 http://www.treatycouncil.org/section_211410.htm

International Indian Treaty Council CONSEJO INTERNACIONAL DE TRATADOS INDIOS “WORKING FOR THE RIGHTS AND RECOGNITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES" INDIGENOUS YOUTH DECLARATION Americas WCAR Prepcom, Santiago Chile, December 2000 The lack of recognition of Indigenous Peoples as Peoples is a form of racial discrimination that profoundly affects us as indigenous youth. We therefore demand on the part of the States the recognition of the existence of Indigenous Peoples as such taking into account articles 1 of the Pact of Political and Civil Rights and of the Pact of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. In addition, it is a reality that governments and civil society offer very few opportunities for the participation of indigenous youth. In the same way, international conferences and gatherings provide little or no spaces for our participation. We therefore recomend that the participation, consultation, and perspectives of the vunerable populations in America, especially indigenous young people who are one of the most marginalized sectors of society, are taken into account in national and international gatherings. We demand the immediate implementation of the oral history of our Peoples in all levels of formal education.

35. DECLARATION AND POSITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO THE MEETING OF THE APEC TRADE “WORKING FOR THE RIGHTS AND RECOGNITION OF indigenous peoples OF indigenouspeoples TO THE MEETING OF THE APEC TRADE MINISTERS, chile 4 to 5 JUNE, 2004 http://www.treatycouncil.org/section_2117341.htm

International Indian Treaty Council CONSEJO INTERNACIONAL DE TRATADOS INDIOS “WORKING FOR THE RIGHTS AND RECOGNITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES" DECLARATION AND POSITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO THE MEETING OF THE APEC TRADE MINISTERS, CHILE 4 to 5 JUNE, 2004 Honourable Ministers of Trade of the Member Economies of APEC, meeting in Mapuche territory – Wallmapuche APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation created in 1989 as a forum to advance economic cooperation, free trade and investments in the region and which 21 countries have joined, pretends to benefit and improve the living conditions of all citizens in the member countries. In this regard, we, indigenous peoples and organizations with ancestral rights in these member countries of APEC would like to present some fundamental concerns which affect our future and call your attention to the following recommendations and specific demands of the peoples concerned. We, the indigenous peoples of the countries which form APEC have suffered from the negative impacts of the development of free trade and the accelerated economic cooperation in the context of the so-called globaliyation in various forms; the criteria which guide the agreements of free trade do not take into account nor respect our human rights; we underline, that we are holders of ancestral rights; in the frame of these agreements, we are not consulted nor do we participate in the taking of decisions which have an immediate impact on our lives and collective rights.

36. PPJC: 6/6/05 - 'War On Terror' Has Latin American Indigenous People In Its Sight ”It s true that indigenous peoples are a threat, from the point of view of the José Santos Millao, one of the Mapuche members of chile s National http://peaceandjustice.org/article.php?story=20050606155932360&mode=print0

37. Peninsula Peace And Justice Center ”It s true that indigenous peoples are a threat, from the point of view of the In chile, 6.4 percent of the population of 15.2 million identify http://peaceandjustice.org/article.php?story=20050606155932360

38. Chilean Government A Snapshot of chile The Territory The indigenous People A majority ofthe original indigenous peoples no longer exist, except for the Aymara (close http://www.chileangovernment.cl/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=55&op=page&S

39. Mapuche Press Release On Indigenous People Hunger Strike At UN Delegates representing indigenous peoples went on hunger strike last Monday (29November) who are the indigenous people of southern chile and Argentina. http://www.unpo.org/news_detail.php?arg=37&par=1561

40. UNITED NATIONS Press Release Xxxxxxxxxx CHILE PRESENTS REPORT TO the existence of indigenous peoples on the territory of chile had officially However, the hidden situation of indigenous peoples and the problems http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/B8D54F4A710061F7802567CA002EC2CF?op

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