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101. Astronomy Exercises On Physics And Chemistry About The Nuclides
Isotopes of a given element have the same Z but different N. Click on the lower left Then the angular momentum (l) is just the product of the mass (m,
http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/users/cowley/pchem/
Astronomy Exercises on Physics and Chemistry
About the Nuclides Pull up the Brookhaven National Laboratory's Table of the Nuclides on a browser. The URL is http://www2.bnl.gov/ton/ . Atomic number, or Z is plotted vertically. This is the number of protons in the nucleus. It determines the chemical element. The number of neutrons, N is plotted horizontally. Isotopes of a given element have the same Z but different N. Click on the lower left corner of the red strip, and bring up expanded versions of the chart. You should see two regions, from hydrogen to silicon, and phosphorus (Z=15) to cobalt (Z=27). For the 7 odd-Z elements from phosphorus through cobalt, add up the number of stable isotopes. Do the same for the 6 even-Z elements from sulfur (Z=16) through iron (Z=26). The deep blue squares are stable isotopes.
What is the average number of stable odd nuclides for the 7 elements: P, Cl, K, Sc, V, Mn, and Co?
What is the average number of stable even nuclides for the 6 element S, Ar, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Fe?
Explain how the answers to the above two questions can give a hint about the odd-even abundance pattern in the SAD
On Newtonian Mechanics Angular momentum is a very important concept both from the point of view of understanding the motion of the planets as the construction of atoms. In this course we will talk about the angular momentum of orbits that are elliptical, but when it comes to a calculation, we will always assume simple circular motion. Then the angular momentum (

102. APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY METHODS TO THE SOLID STATE:
This limitation is important since the felement – ligand equilibrium distance is 4 L. Seijo and Z. Barandiarán, in Computational chemistry Reviews of
http://www.uam.es/otroscentros/inc/grupos/memoria/seijo.html
APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY METHODS TO THE SOLID STATE: STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPY OF LANTHANIDE, ACTINIDE, AND OTHER HEAVY-ELEMENT IMPURITIES IN IONIC CRYSTALS
Prof. Luis Seijo and Prof. Zoila Barandiarán
The interest on the f n and f n-1 d local electronic states of lanthanide and actinide impurities in ionic crystals like, for example, Cs NaYCl 6:Ce or Cs ZrCl :U (Fig.1), has been growing in the last few years.The electronic transitions which occur upon visible and UV excitation to the high energy f n and f n-1 d levels are involved in a variety of phenomena of technological interest which are not always fully understood. The f n-1 d f n emission transitions of rare earth doped materials make them usefull as solid state lasers and scintillators. Recently, due to environmental reasons, lanthanide impurities are being ivestigated as possible multiphoton emitting systems, in an attempt to replace Hg-discharge by (higher energy) Xe noble gas discharge in fluorescence lamps. For this type of application the knowledge of the relative energy position of the higher  f n and lower f n-1 d levels is a basic information. Also recently, up-conversion emission, which has been widely demonstrated and studied in lanthanide doped crystals, is being investigated in trivalent and tetravalent actinide impurities.

103. Present Day Theoretical Chemistry
That is, for each volume element in r space, one assumes the expression can be used to eliminate the initial Pa and express it in terms of Lz and Pb .
http://simons.hec.utah.edu/TheoryPage/present_day_theoretical_ch.html
return to home page What is Present Day Theoretical Chemistry About? Three Primary Subdisciplines Structure theory molecular dynamics statistical mechanics A. Electronic structure theory describes the motions of the electrons and produces energy surfaces The shapes and geometries of molecules, their electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels and wavefunctions, as well as the interactions of these states with electromagnetic fields lie within the realm of structure theory.
1. The Underlying Theoretical Basis
In the Born-Oppenheimer e contains the kinetic energy T e of the electrons, the Coulomb repulsions among all the molecule's electrons V ee , the Coulomb attractions V en among the electrons and all of the molecule's nuclei treated with these nuclei held clamped, and the Coulomb repulsions V nn among all of these nuclei. The electronic wave functions y k and energies E k
H e y k = E k y k i k and y k are parametric functions of the coordinates of the nuclei. These electronic energies' dependence on the positions of the atomic centers cause them to be referred to as electronic energy surfaces such as that depicted below for a diatomic molecule where the energy depends only on one interatomic distance R.

104. CHEMICAL BONDING AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AVAGADRO S NUMBER
First IP increases with increasing Z in each period, highest where orbital Cx concentration of minor element in crystal x . Cl - concentration of
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/geological_sciences/faculty/sherriff/w
CHEMICAL BONDING AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AVAGADRO'S NUMBER
Avogadro's number N A : one mole (molecular weight in g) of an element or compound contains a fixed number of atoms or molecules: N A 6.022 x 10 atoms or molecules/mole
Consider the reaction 2H + O O:
We need 2 molecules (moles) of H to combine with 1 molecule (mole) of O to form 2 molecules (moles)of H O
In molecular weights: 4 g of H + 32 g of O will react to form 36 g of H O
Note: 2 g of H + 1 g of O will NOT react to form 2 g of H O CHEMICAL BONDS (Chapter 7)
All elements are trying to achieve noble gas configuration.
Left side of periodic table: electron donors , metals, electron orbitals largely empty Right side of periodic table: electron accepters , non-metals, orbitals nearly full
If complete electron transfer occurs: electron donors become cations : positively charged ions electron acceptors become anions: negatively charged ions
Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other, forming an electrostatic or ionic bond (electron transferred)
Metallic character decreases from left to right across periods Periods 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A: When elements with similar metallic character interact, e- are shared by both atoms giving a

105. A To Z Of The Chemistry Department
help, A to Z of the chemistry Department L. ^ Top of page. M Mervyn (1)Invaluable member of the department, expert astronomer and NMR guru.
http://neon.otago.ac.nz/chemistry/help/atoz.php
A to Z of the Chemistry Department A
absolute zero (1) Zero kelvin: the temperature at which all molecular activity ceases. (2) The score gained by an ill-prepared student in a lab exit test.
alcohol zymurgy . (2) A substance available in abundance at Chem Club and the Staff Club
alkali (1) Any substance that reacts with or neutralizes hydrogen ions. (2) The departmental file server.
angstrom
Top of page
B
backgammon A game of skill and chance, dating back to ancient Egyptian times, popularized in the tearoom by Neil Fernandes during his time in the department in 2000.
beer A homogeneous mixture of ethanol , water and various flavour compounds, available at Chem Club
Top of page
C Campbell Microanalytical Laboratory Accredited microchemical analytical facility in the Chemistry Department. Reasonable rates. Named for Professor Arthur Campbell, former Head of Department. Chem Club Departmental happy hour for 200-level-and-above students and staff, held in the tearoom every second Friday at 5 pm.

106. Keyword Catalogue
Environmental and Atmospheric chemistry. Complete / Vollständig, Analytical chemistryand top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z top
http://www.wiley-vch.de/vch/journals/keyword.php?cat=3&sort=e&lng=

107. Keyword Catalogue
Organic chemistry Methodology and Reactions. Complete / Vollständig, Analyticalchemistry top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z top
http://www.wiley-vch.de/vch/journals/keyword.php?cat=14&sort=e&lng=

108. Resume Of Prof. Dr. Z. (Bob) Su
Z. Su, J. Wen, and L. Wan, 2003, A methodology for the retrieval of land physical Physics and chemistry of the Earth, 25, 141145. Z. Su, H. Pelgrum,
http://www.itc.nl/about_itc/resumes/b_su.aspx
International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Home Search Sitemap Contact us About ITC About ITC Research Education Project Services ... Strategic Plan Organisation Overview Organogram RC EA ... MPS Management Supervisory Board Scientific Council Directorate Employees Council Scient. depts EOS GIP PGM NRS ... Route to ITC
document.write(document.title);
Background
Z. (Bob) Su AGU, IAHS, IEEE, and EGU. He has published actively in refereed journals and conference proceedings and serves as reviewers for several international journals. He is currently Netherlands representative to the intergovernmental ad hoc Group on Earth Observation (GEO), installed at the Earth Observation Summit in July 2003, charged to develop a 10 year implementation plan for integrated global Earth Observation.
Bob Su speaks fluently four languages (Chinese, English, German, Dutch) and has the following expertise and special interests:
  • Managing and co-ordinating multi-disciplinary complex projects; Quantitative water management in large river basins: modelling, remote sensing and in-situ measurements; Satellite Earth Observation for continental scale studies in water, climate and environment;

109. IngentaConnect Table Of Contents: Journal Of Atmospheric Chemistry
Validation and Application of Plants as Biomonitors of Trace Element Atmospheric Gaudino S.; Sansone U.; Belli M.; Jeran Z.; Ruisi S.; Zucconi L.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/joch/2004/00000049/f0030001

110. Entrez PubMed
A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). Substances.DNA Transposable elements; DNA, Intergenic; DNA, Plant; Plant Proteins
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

111. Postulates Of Quantum Mechanics
that the particle lies in the volume element $d\tau$ located at ${\bf r}$ attime t. lz, $\hat{l}_z$, $ i \hbar \left( x \frac{\partial}{
http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/quantrev/node20.html
Next: Some Analytically Soluble Problems Up: Brief Review of Quantum Previous: Linear Vector Spaces in
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
In this section, we will present six postulates of quantum mechanics. Again, we follow the presentation of McQuarrie [ ], with the exception of postulate 6, which McQuarrie does not include. A few of the postulates have already been discussed in section 3. Postulate 1 . The state of a quantum mechanical system is completely specified by a function that depends on the coordinates of the particle(s) and on time. This function, called the wave function or state function, has the important property that is the probability that the particle lies in the volume element located at at time t The wavefunction must satisfy certain mathematical conditions because of this probabilistic interpretation. For the case of a single particle, the probability of finding it somewhere is 1, so that we have the normalization condition
It is customary to also normalize many-particle wavefunctions to 1. The wavefunction must also be single-valued, continuous, and finite.

112. Chemistry Environmental Dictionary (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
Contains definitions for most chemistry, environmental and other technical Copyright 1995 2005 Kenneth L Barbalace (KLBProductions.com - website
http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/chemistry/dictionary/

113. NIST Data Gateway Database
The atomic weights are available for elements 1 through 111, and isotopic compositions Ari L. Horvath, Forrest W. Getzen, Z. Maczynska JPCRD 28(2) pp.
http://srdata.nist.gov/gateway/gateway?keyword=IUPAC

114. Marion L. Carroll S Profile
Xavier University Department of chemistry 1 Drexel Drive New Orleans, E., Vincent, B., Myers, J., Ahmed, Z., Nguyen, L, Sammarco, M., Watkins, WS,
http://webusers.xula.edu/mlcarrol/mlcarrollprofile.html

115. Institute For Inorganic Chemistry - Materials Research - Publications
und RöntgenlinienVerbreiterung in Hämatit L. Löffler und W. Mader, Z. Anorg . 11, 451-457 (1999) Element Specific Imaging with High Lateral
http://www.elmi.uni-bonn.de/en/publikationen_e.html
publications
PhD thesis diploma thesis
selected publications
K. Kelm and W. Mader, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., Critical Assessment of the Speckle Statistics in Fluctuation Electron Microscopy and Comparison to Electron Diffraction T. Jungk, T. Walther and W. Mader, Ultramicroscopy, Anisotropic X-ray diffraction peak broadening and twinning in diaspore-derived corundum
K. Kelm und W. Mader, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., E. Pesch, H. Burghardt, und W. Mader, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., Diffusion and segregation effects in doped manganite/titanate heterostructures J. Simon, T. Walther, W. Mader, J. Klein, D. Reisinger, L. Alff, R. Gross, Applied Physics Letters Twin boundaries in zinc oxide with additions of gallium oxide J. Barf, T. Walther and W. Mader, Interface Science,
Effects of Bi2O3 on Fe2O3-doped ZnO E. Pesch, F. Wolf and W. Mader, Elektronenmikroskopie, Strukturverfeinerung von Sc5AlO9 mit konvergenten Elektronenbeugungsdaten Structural and doping effects in the half-metallic double perovskite A2CrWO6 (A = Sr, Ba, and Ca)

116. Conferences
09.10 Axial intensity optimization of converged laser beam, H. Wang, Z. Chen, 09.30 Composite material for forming microstructural elements, L. Pang,
http://www.spie.org/web/meetings/programs/ao00/conferences.html
SPIE Home Bookstore Contact SPIE AOMATT 2000 Home Extended Deadlines: Preregister by:
13 October 2000 Housing Reservations by:
15 October 2000 Visa Invitation Form by:
30 September 2000 Questions?
contact Jinxue Wang
at +1 360 676-3290 or
jinxue@spie.org Sponsored by
Conference 4231
Wednesday-Friday 1-3 November 2000
Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4231
Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology
Opening Ceremony and Plenary Speakers
Concurrent Sessions
Optical Manufacturing
Conference Room 1: Ginkgo International Hall (8 Floor)
SESSION 1
Room 1: Wed. 13.30
Large-Scale Optical System Manufacturing and Testing Technology
Chairs: Li Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Harvey M. Pollicove, Center for Optics Manufacturing (USA) Recent progress on asphere manufacturing and testing at CIOM (Invited Paper), X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Q. Wang, Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China); J. Yu, Soochow Univ. (China) [4231-01] Silver coating of the Subaru telescope IR secondary mirror, T. Noguchi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; S. S. Hayashi, T. Kanzawa, T. Kurakami, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (USA); M. Yutani, N. Ohshima, G. Sasaki, Y. Kamata, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan [4231-02] Compensator for even high-order aspheric surfaces

117. Quantum Numbers And The Periodic Table
electron of a neutral atom sees Z = 1 (assuming n is large and l is zero) . The Periodic Table is based on the observation that an element s chemical
http://www.rwc.uc.edu/koehler/biophys/6b.html
Quantum Numbers and the Periodic Table
We have seen that the energies of bound electrons are quantized , and have labelled the energy levels with an integer n. We mentioned that the orbits are not necessarily circular, nor are they planar. Instead, they are three dimensional, so that instead of circular, we have spherical, and instead of elliptical, we have ellipsoidal. In fact, the energy of an atomic electron depends not only on n, but on angular momentum, orientation, and spin as well. These effects are not predicted by the Bohr model, but derive from the more advanced (and complicated!) Schrodinger and Dirac Equations. We therefore "label" an atomic electron by four "quantum numbers":
  • n = 1, 2, 3, ...., denoting energy; l = 0, 1, ..., n-1, denoting angular momentum m = - l l , denoting orientation (the "magnetic quantum number"), s = -1/2, 1/2, denoting spin (m s is also used in place of s).
    • The set of four numbers (n, l , m,s) identifies the "quantum state" of the electron. Chemists use letters in place of numbers for l (s, p, d, f, etc.), and so an n=3

    118. Third Midterm Exam, Chem 51, Fall, 1999
    The absolute value of Lz = the absolute value of ml times h/2p = 2 h/2p An element with an f electron (l =3) with an unfilled f shell is required.
    http://pages.pomona.edu/~wsteinmetz/ex_soln/ex51_3_99.htm
    NAME: SOLUTIONS KEY FOR THE EXAM CHEMISTRY 51, 3rd. MIDTERM EXAM, 1999
    Show your work in all questions involving computation or derivation to receive credit. A periodic table of the elements is printed on one insert. Figure 1, which contains information required to answer Problem 1, is on a second insert. You may use the backs of the inserts for scratchwork but enter ALL work to be graded in the space provided with each question. This exam has 6 questions and is worth 150 points.
    1) (20 points) This question applies to orbital A which is displayed at the top of Figure 1. The coordinate system for the five orbitals displayed on Figure 1 is defined by the diagram in the upper left-hand corner.
    a) Determine the values of the quantum numbers l and the absolute value of m l of an atomic orbital represented by orbital A . Provide the basis for your answer.
    Orbital A     contains 3 angular nodes which are planes so l = 3. Only one of the three, the xy plane, does not contain the z axis so the absolute value of m l
    b) Determine in units of h/2 p the value of the orbital angular momentum and the absolute value of the z-component of the orbital angular momentum of an electron represented by orbital A.

    119. 103 Element. DISCOVERY PROFILE
    ELEMENT Z=103 WebVersion of Paper Bibliography is available on this Site. Clear Z=103 L X-rays following ex-spectrum assigned already to 258103.
    http://159.93.28.88/linkc/102/iupac_materials_103.html
    FLNR DISCOVERY of 103 Element FlerovLab Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR Dubna , Moscow region, Russia DISCOVERY PROFILES OF THE TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS. 103 ELEMENT. DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS
    IUPAC-IUPAP TRANSFERMIUM WORKING GROUP (TWG) MATERIALS
    /pages 1771-1776/
      Abstract /from page 1758/ (1991)879-886). The report on Phase (ii), the judgemental phase of the work of the Group, was accepted by the IUPAP Council in Madrid, Sept. 1991, and approved for publication by the IUPAC Bureau in Hamburg, Aug. 1991 and forms Parts II and III of the present paper. It completes the work of the Group by applying the criteria of Part I on an element-by-element basis; it considers and analyzes all the pertinent literature and discusses in chronological and critical detail those papers considered important for the building up of confidence that each element had been put in evidence. This delineation of discovery profiles results, in some cases, in a sharing of the credit for discovery. DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS / page 1771-1776 / ELEMENT Z=103
      Web-Version of Paper Bibliography is available on this Site.

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