101. AUS-e-TUTE For Astute Students Each AUSe-TUTE chemistry tutorial is a simple one page look at a particular Periodic Table Naming elements from symbols, symbols of common elements, http://www.ausetute.com.au/

Contact AUS-e-TUTE AUS-e-NEWS Apply for Membership FREE Chemistry Tutorials Information Enter Test Centre Laboratory Skills Gas Preparation and Tests Matter History of the Elements Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table Periodic Table Trends in Group I Trends in Group II ... Trends in Period 3 Chemical Formula Writing Ionic Formula Naming Ionic Compounds Chemical Equations Balancing Chemical Equations Writing Equations: Precipitation Reactions Stoichiometry (Chemical Calculations) Molecular Mass (Formula weight) Percent composition (Percentage composition) Definitions of a mole Dilution Calculations (M ... V Bonding Lewis Structures (electron dot diagrams) Shapes of Molecules Molecule Polarity Intermolecular Forces Organic Chemistry Nomenclature (naming) Summary table for naming Straight-chain Alkanes Branched-chain Alkanes Simple Alkenes ... Functional Groups Summary Reactions Combustion of Hydrocarbons Hydrohalogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Hydration of Alkenes to produce Alkanols Oxidation of Alkanols ... Polythene (polyethylene) Biological Chemistry Structure of Proteins Physical Chemistry Gas Laws Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Gas Volumes Boyle's Law (Mariotte's Law) Charles' Law Ideal Gas Law Thermochemistry (Energy) Heat Capacity Calculations Defining Enthalpy Change Manipulating Enthalpy Change Terms Calorimetry ... Definitions of Fuels Electrochemistry Oxidation Numbers Displacement Reactions (Activity Series) Electrochemical (Voltaic/Galvanic) Cells Calculating electrochemical cell EMF(voltage) ... Faraday Laws of Electrolysis Equilibrium Le Chatelier's Principle Equilibrium Constants Nuclear Chemistry

102. Instructional Materials In Chemistry Included as well are topics of atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, classificationof This link is to three chemistry activities appropriate for K3. http://www.cln.org/subjects/chemistry_inst.html

Instructional Materials in Chemistry The WWW sites linked to from this page provide practical assistance for Chemistry teachers wanting to use the Internet as part of their classroom planning/instruction. Please read our 1995 Dow/NSTA Summer Workshop Lesson Plans Junior and senior high chemistry lesson plans developed by teachers in annual projects starting in 1995. Amazing Science at the Roxy: Teaching Resource Center AskERIC Lesson Plans - Science: Physical Science Over 50 lesson plans organized alphabetically and covering various grade ranges in K-12. Bizarre Stuff You Can Make In Your Kitchen This site is an ever growing warehouse of the kinds of projects some of the more demented of us tried as young people, collecting in one place many of the classic, simple science projects that have become part of the collective lore of amateur science. It is a sort of warped semi-scientific cookbook of tricks, gimmicks, and pointless experimentation, concoctions, and devices, using, for the most part, things found around the house. These are the classics. Strange goo, radios made from rusty razor blades, crystal gardens... amateur mad scientist stuff. If you happen to learn something in the process, consider yourself a better person for it. Bridge: Chemistry Links to about 10 sites that provide lesson plans, activities, or curricular units that explore hydrology from a chemical perspective.

103. Heavy Element And Nuclear Chemistry At LBNL - Professor Heino Nitsche We are continuing to study the chemistry of elements rutherfordium through Skarnemark, G., Alstad, J., Eberhardt, K., Gregorich, KE, Hoffman, DC, http://heavyelements.lbl.gov/aboss.htm

Professor Heino Nitsche Research Interests I. Production, Chemistry and Nuclear properties of the heaviest elements. In collaboration with Swiss and German colleagues, we have studied for the first time the chemistry of bohrium (107) and hassium (108). We are continuing to study the chemistry of elements rutherfordium through hassium (104-108) with more complex, second generation chemical reaction systems, and are developing methods to explore the chemistry of meitnerium (109) and elements 112 and 114. II. Nuclear Chemistry related to fundamental processes in the environment Solution Speciation and Interfacial Reactions of actinides on Metal Oxides and Oxyhydroxides. The research spans analytical chemistry, solution thermodynamics and kinetics, and solution/solid interfacial reactions. We are advancing the molecular understanding of actinide sorption by studying the beavior of the actinides uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium on environmentally relevant solid substrates using modern spectroscopic techniques to explore the existence of complxes postulated by surface complexation modeling. Knowledge of the actinide speciation in solution is a prerequisite for the sorption studies. Besides conventional speciation techniques (potentiometric titration, spectrophotometry, solvent extraction, etc.), we use more sensitive laser-induced fluorescence and photoacoustic spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to provide molecular-level structural information of solids, solutions, and solution/solids interfaces.

104. Heavy Element And Nuclear Chemistry At LBNL - Ralf Sudowe gain information on the chemistry of elements such as rutherfordium and dubnium . 8) Omtvedt, JP, Alstad, J., Breivik, H., Dyve, JE, Eberhardt, K., http://heavyelements.lbl.gov/sudowe.htm

Ralf Sudowe Research T he study of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements gives valuable insight on the trends in the periodic table and the influence of relativistic effects on the chemical properties of the heaviest elements. My research focuses on the study of the chemical behavior of transactinide elements in solution. Using different chemical systems and either manual extraction experiments or automated systems such as the fast liquid-liquid extraction system SISAK we are able to gain information on the chemistry of elements such as rutherfordium and dubnium. By carrying out model experiments with the lighter homolog elements, such as zirconium and hafnium, we are able to develop suitable model systems for future experiments with transactinide elements. Using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator as a physical pre-separator for all the reaction products that are produced in a nuclear reaction gives our group a unique opportunity to study chemical systems that were previously not accessible.

105. Electronic Basis For The Properties Of The Elements - Some Chemical Implications The effective nuclear charge is a minimum for the group I elements in any givenrow of the The species K+2 is never observed in solution chemistry, http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/esam/Chapter_5/section_3.html

An Introduction to the Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules Dr. Richard F.W. Bader Professor of Chemistry / McMaster University / Hamilton, Ontario Preface The Nature of the Problem The New Physics The Hydrogen Atom ... Many-Electron Atoms Electronic Basis for the Properties of the Elements Introduction Horizontal Variations Vertical Relationships Some Chemical Implications Problems The Chemical Bond Ionic and Covalent Binding Molecular Orbitals ... Table of Contour Values Some Chemical Implications A detailed study of the chemical implications of the orbital theory of electronic structure must await our discussion of the chemical bond. However, we can at this point correlate the gross chemical behaviour of the elements with the general results of the orbital theory. The ability of the elements to act as oxidizing agents should parallel directly the variations in the effective nuclear charge. Thus the oxidizing ability should increase across a given row (from group I to group VII) and decrease down a given family. These trends are, of course, just the opposite of those noted for the reducing ability. We can also relate the chemical terms "reducing ability" and "oxidizing ability" to the experimentally determined energy quantities, "ionization potential" and "electron affinity." The reducing ability should vary inversely with the ionization potential, and the oxidizing ability should vary directly with the electron affinity. The elements in groups VI and VII should exhibit a strong tendency for accepting electrons in chemical reactions to form negatively charged ions. Francium, which possesses a single outer electron in the 7

106. Wiley::Molecular Chemistry Of The Transition Elements: An Introductory Course by R. Bruce King (Editorin-Chief), Jeremy K. Burdett (Editor), MolecularChemistry of the Transition elements An Introductory Course http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471956872.html

Location: United States change location Shopping Cart My Account Help ... Contact Us By Keyword By Title By Author By ISBN By ISSN Wiley Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry General Inorganic Chemistry Molecular Chemistry of the Transition Elements: An Introductory Course Related Subjects Geology Electronic Materials, Metals and Alloys Bioinorganic Chemistry Join a Chemistry Mailing List Related Titles More By These Authors Phosphorus: The Carbon Copy: From Organophosphorus to Phospha-organic Chemistry (Hardcover) General Inorganic Chemistry Inorganic Materials, Second Edition (Hardcover) by Duncan W. Bruce (Editor), Dermot O'Hare (Editor) Inorganic Materials, Second Edition (Paperback) by Duncan W. Bruce (Editor), Dermot O'Hare (Editor) Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 8 Volume Set (Software) by R. Bruce King (Editor-in-Chief), Jeremy K. Burdett (Editor), Robert H. Crabtree (Editor), C. M. Lukehart (Editor), R. A. Scott (Editor), R. L. Wells (Editor) The Chemistry of Aqua Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity: ATour Through the Periodic Table of the Elements (Hardcover) by David T. Richens Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 8 Volume Set (Hardcover)

107. Wiley::Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Edition THE chemistry OF THE MAIN GROUP elements. Hydrogen. The Group 1 elements Li,Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr. The Group 2 elements Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471199575,descCd-tableOfCont

Location: United States change location Shopping Cart My Account Help ... Contact Us By Keyword By Title By Author By ISBN By ISSN Wiley Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry General Inorganic Chemistry Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Edition Related Subjects Geology Electronic Materials, Metals and Alloys Bioinorganic Chemistry Join a Chemistry Mailing List Related Titles More By These Authors Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition (Hardcover) Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Solutions Manual, 3rd Edition (Paperback) Catalysis by Di- and Polynuclear Metal Cluster Complexes (Hardcover) Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 3rd Edition (Hardcover) General Inorganic Chemistry Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 33 (Hardcover) by Dimitri Coucouvanis (Editor-in-Chief) d- and f- Block Chemistry (Paperback) by Chris J. Jones Main Group Chemistry (Paperback) by William Henderson Structure and Bonding (Paperback) by Jack Barrett Reactions and Characterization of Solids (Paperback) by Sandra E. Dann General Inorganic Chemistry Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Edition F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Carlos A. Murillo, Manfred Bochmann

108. Regents Prep Chemistry: Multiple-Choice Question Archive Which set of elements contains a metalloid? K, Mn, As, Ar. Li, Mg, Ca, Kr.Ba, Ag, Sn, Xe. Fr, F, O, Rn See also question 11, topic Nuclear chemistry. http://regentsprep.org/Regents/core/questions/questions.cfm?Course=CHEM&TopicCod

109. Department Of Chemistry, University Of Hull Department of chemistry at the University of Hull. 1. describe the arrangementof elements within the Periodic Table and rationalise in terms of http://www.hull.ac.uk/chemistry/module.php?number=06510

110. K-State Undergraduate Catalog 2002-2004: Chemistry KState Undergraduate Catalog 2002-2004 chemistry. study of the principlesof chemistry and the properties of the elements and their compounds. http://courses.k-state.edu/catalog/undergraduate/2002-2004/as/chm.html

K-State Undergraduate Catalog 2002-2004 About the Catalog About the University Calendar ... University Faculty Chemistry Peter M.A. Sherwood, Head www.ksu.edu/chem The Department of Chemistry occupies modern laboratory facilities in the Chemistry/ Biochemistry Building, the H.H. King Chemical Laboratory and part of Willard Hall. The faculty represents a broad range of interest in the discipline of chemistry. The department offers programs leading to the B.S. and B.A. degrees in chemistry and chemical science. In addition to the undergraduate program, the department offers M.S. and Ph.D. degrees; the graduate program includes approximately 40 students. The discipline of chemistry is very broad and a training in chemistry provides many different career possibilities. For example, research chemists explore and synthesize new compounds and materials and they invent and characterize new processes. Development chemists translate research findings into products, and they work in areas such as marketing, economics, management, and safety. Chemists are involved in solving chemical problems that range from analysis of environmental aspects of chemicals to the manufacture of chemicals and finished products. Chemists also work in federal- or state- sponsored research activities (trade, foods, roads, fire research, nuclear energy) and environmental protection (water, waste, and drugs), and a variety of educational and teaching activities. Students often use chemistry degrees as preparation for advanced study in medicine, pharmacy, and other health science areas. Students who plan to become high school science teachers may choose to earn dual degrees in chemistry and education. Numerous other possibilities, such as biochemistry or chemical engineering, exist for dual degrees. For dual degree programs, the requirements of both curricula must be met.

111. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - ELEMENTS OF ELECTOCHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL chemistry LECTURE OUTLINE elements OF ELECTROchemistry Determinations of Keq and oxidationreduction midpoint potentials. http://falcon.sbuniv.edu/~ggray/CHE3345/chp16.html

Back to ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Menu ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LECTURE OUTLINE: ELEMENTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY Lecture outline for students taking Analytical Chemistry with Dr. Gray at Southwest Baptist University. It is suggested that students print this out and use it for taking lecture notes during class. I. Introduction A. A number of analytical techniques are based upon oxidation-reduction reactions. B. Examples of these techniques would include... 1. Determinations of K eq and oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials. 2. Determination of analytes by oxidation-reductions titrations. 3. Ion-specific electrodes (e.g., pH electrodes, etc.) 4. Gas-sensing probes. 5. Electrogravimetric analysis: oxidizing or reducing analytes to a known product and weighing the amount produced 6. Coulometric analysis: measuring the quantity of electrons required to reduce/oxidize an analyte II. Terminology A. Reduction: the gaining of electrons B. Oxidation: the loss of electrons C. Reducing agent (reductant): species that donates electrons to reduce another reagent. (The reducing agent get oxidized.) D. Oxidizing agent (oxidant): species that accepts electrons to oxidize another species. (The oxidizing agent gets reduced.)

112. BUBL LINK: Chemical Data Subjects chemical data, chemistry research, chemistry societies Periodiclandscapes based on ionisation energies of the elements are also included. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/c/chemicaldata.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Chemical data Titles Descriptions Alphabetical Mineral Reference Athena Mineralogy Atomic Spectral Line Broadening Bibliographic Database Beilstein CrossFire Chemical Information System ... WebSpectra: Problems in NMR and IR Spectroscopy Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Alphabetical Mineral Reference Listing of hundreds of minerals, with descriptions and specifications. Author: Banfield, Jill Subjects: chemical data, mineralogy DeweyClass: Resource type: reference data Athena Mineralogy Extensive minerals database using IMA approved mineral names and varieties names, updated 1996. Includes an alphabetical list, systematic list, elements, sulfides, halides, oxides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, silicates, organic materials and varieties. Author: Perroud, Pierre Subjects: chemical data, mineralogy DeweyClass: Resource type: reference data Atomic Spectral Line Broadening Bibliographic Database Database of references on atomic spectral line broadening containing numerical data, comments, and review articles. Searches can be conducted by entering title, author or year of publication. Papers without numerical data may be searched by category, such as Pressure Broadening and Articles on Doppler and Natural Line Shapes. Author: Subjects: chemical data, spectroscopy

113. Witham, Charles K. (1998-08-24) The Effects Of Alloy Chemistry On The Electroche Witham, Charles K. (199808-24) The effects of alloy chemistry on the ternary elements that have a large heat of formation with La (and secondarily, http://etd.caltech.edu/etd/available/etd-12272004-145717/

Caltech Library System About Browse Search Caltech Student Instructions Witham, Charles K. (1998-08-24) The effects of alloy chemistry on the electrochemical and hydriding properties of NI-substituted LaNi5. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12272004-145717 Type of Document Dissertation Author Witham, Charles K. URN etd-12272004-145717 Persistent URL http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12272004-145717 Title The effects of alloy chemistry on the electrochemical and hydriding properties of NI-substituted LaNi5 Degree PhD Option Materials Science Advisory Committee Advisor Name Title Brent Fultz Committee Chair Keywords None Date of Defense Availability restricted Abstract NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. The primary goal of this work was to verify the hypothesis that alloying LaNi5 with ternary elements that have a large heat of formation with La (and secondarily, with Ni) would slow the kinetics of metal (La) atom diffusion. This would have the effect of stabilizing the Haucke phase crystal structure of LaNi5 during electrochemical and gasphase hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling, and extending the material's useful lifetime. To test this hypothesis, I prepared a variety of single-phase alloys of composition [...]. Each alloy was annealed to insure equilibrium starting conditions. The lifetimes of these alloys were tested by charge-discharge cycling as the anode of an alkaline Ni-MH rechargeable cell. By characterizing the lifetimes of the alloys as an exponential capacity decay, I was able to determine a trend between the capacity decay and the heat of formation of an average 'B' element with La.

114. Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table Of The Elements Basic data, limited writeups Provides information on the 109 named elementsplus elements 110 - 112. http://www.chemicalelements.com/

Home About This Site Comments Help Links ... Window Version Show Table With: Name Atomic Number Atomic Mass Electron Configuration ... Crystal Structure Element Groups: Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Other Metals ... Rare Earth Elements Click on an element symbol for more information This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Please visit this site's license agreement and privacy statement

115. Chemistry For Kids - Children And Beginner Chemistry Introduce chemistry concepts in terms kids and beginners can understand! Periodic Table of the ElementsAtom Basics Quiz Test Your chemistry http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryforkids/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Chemistry Chemistry for Kids Homework Help Chemistry Essentials Encyclopedia of Chemistry ... Chemistry Glossary zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); General Chemistry Branches of Chemistry Demos / Experiments Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Chemistry newsletter! See Online Courses Search Chemistry Chemistry for Kids Introduce chemistry concepts in terms kids and beginners can understand! You'll also find chemistry demonstrations, crafts, games, and projects that are suitable for kids. Some activities require adult supervision. Alphabetical Recent Chemistry Activities for Kids - Free Weekly Newsletter Are you ready for kid-friendly chemistry activities and games? Each newsletter features safe projects, games or quizzes, and links for additional learning. Learn about the elements, grow crystals, and more! When you sign up you'll get one newsletter a week until you've gotten them all. Chemistry 101: An Introduction and Study Tips From your About Chemistry guide, these are tips for homework and laboratory exercises, with links to a library of chemical structures, glossary, periodic table, and additional resources.

116. Oliver Manuel - Composition, Origin, Formation, Sun, Solar System, Solar Flares, Oliver K. Manuel Professor of chemistry. Email om@umr.edu Resume Jupiter DataConfirms Local Element Synthesis; O. Manuel, K. Windler http://web.umr.edu/~om/

NEW : THE SUN: AN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC PLASMA DIFFUSER THAT CONTROLS EARTH'S CLIMATE NEW Autobiography of the late Paul K. Kuroda "My Early Days at the Imperial University of Tokyo" Professor Manuel (left) with Erin Miller (right) after their trip to the 2002 Sigma Xi conference at Galveston, TX. Photo Gallery of Students and Colleagues On-line Discussions about Iron Sun: Curious About Astronomy Michael Mozina's Web Page THE SUN Today's Science Puzzle NEWS FLASH "STRANGE" OXYGEN IN THE SUN VISUAL CONFIRMATION OF IRON SUN Surface ( Visual Surface ( Composition Surface ( Mass Separation Interior ( Composition-1 Interior( Composition-2 Interior ( Visual Sun ( Output Sun ( Energy Sun ( Origin Mass Spec ( Lab 1960 Data 1964 Data 1972 Data ... Operation of the Sun Historical Summary( PDF See also " The Sun Is Iron " and spacecraft measurements Oliver K. Manuel Professor of Chemistry Email: om@umr.edu Resume Abbreviated Resume Press Reviews "Report on the First Crisis in Cosmology Conference", Progress in Physics, p. 6, in press. "NASA's Deep Impact Won't Make A Dent", PhysOrg.com, 1 July 2005 "Deep Magnetic Roots of Solar Wind Confirmed by ESA", SOHO News Release, 20 May 2005 "Deep Magnetic Roots of Solar Wind Confirmed by NASA", NASA News Release, 19 May 2005 ... “Radio Interview”, 26 Sep 2002 (mp3 format audio file) "Scientist: Sun Composed Mostly Of Iron", CNN News Report, 23 July 2002

117. Periodic Table Of Elements Potassium - K (EnvironmentalChemistry.com) Comprehensive information for the element Potassium K is provided by this pageincluding scores of properties, element names in many languages, http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/K.html

118. Chemistry Definitions A Alkali Metals Metals of Group IA (Na, K, Rb). Allotropes Different formsof the same element in the same physical state. http://home.nas.net/~dbc/cic_hamilton/dictionary/a.html

Chemistry Dictionary Terminology "A" A B C D ... Z Absolute Entropy (of a substance) Absolute Zero Absorption Spectrum Spectrum associated with absorption of electromagnetic radiation by atoms (or other species) resulting from transitions from lower to higher energy states. Accuracy How closely a measured value agrees with the correct value. Acid A substance that produces H+(aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly. Acid Anhydride The oxide of a nonmetal that reacts with water to form an acid. Acid Anhydride Compound produced by dehydration of a carbonic acid; general formula is RCOCR Acidic Salt A salt containing an ionizable hydrogen atom; does not necessarily produce acidic solutions. Activation Energy Amount of energy that must be absorbed by reactants in their ground states to reach the transition state so that a reaction can occur. Active Metal Metal with low ionization energy that loses electrons readily to form cations. Activity (of a component of ideal mixture) A dimensionless quantity whose magnitude is: equal to molar concentration in an ideal solution; equal to partial pressure in an ideal gas mixture; and defined as 1 for pure solids or liquids.

119. #1 Site For Learning Chemistry Resources and articles on physics, chemistry and maths for students, Hence Khas 1 electron in the Nshell and the next element Ca contains 2 electrons http://home.att.net/~cat6a/class_elem-VI.htm

Classification of Elements - Part VI Keywords: Help Characteristics of periods The first period starts with hydrogen (H) and ends with helium (He). It has just two elements H (Z=1) and He (Z = 2). H has one electron in the K-shell. He has 2 electrons in the K-shell. As we have seen in the chapter on the structure of atoms , the K-shell can hold only 2 electrons. Thus the first period is complete. It has to be borne in mind that the place of hydrogen is unique in the periodic table. It has been placed above the alkali elements starting with Li in group 1A. This is because H has valency 1 just as the other alkali elements. But the properties of hydrogen otherwise are very different from the other group 1A alkali elements Li, Na, K, Cs, etc. Now let us see the next periods : periods 2 and 3. The second period starts with Li (Z=3), where the K-shell is filled and the next shell, the L-shell is starting to fill. After Li the next element is beryllium (Be, Z=4). Its K-shell is complete and it has 2 electrons in the L-shell. The maximum number of electrons held in the L-shell is 8. So the period has 8 elements, in which each element’s L-shell is getting filled. The last element in the period is neon (Ne, Z=10). Neon’s both K and the L shell are completely filled. A similarly situation occurs for the third period. Here the next shell after L-shell, namely the M-shell is getting filled. The maximum number of electrons in the M-shell is 8. Thus across the period, starting with element sodium (Na, Z=11) the M-shell has 1 electron; and the period ends with argon (Ar, Z= 18) which has 2 electrons in the K-shell, 8 electrons in the L-shell and 8 electrons in the M-shell.

120. Nuclear Chemistry The transuranium element, plutonium, was the first synthetic element to be produced It now became important to investigate the chemistry of plutonium to http://chemcases.com/2003version/nuclear/nc-04.htm

Nuclear Chemistry The Discovery and Isolation of Plutonium Dr. Frank Settle Return to start Discovery of the Neutron Playing with Neutrons(1934-38) ... Case Study The cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley (Courtesy of the University of California, Berkeley) The transuranium element, plutonium, was the first synthetic element to be produced on a large scale. In addition to being fissionable , it has interesting and unusual chemical and metallurgical properties. The story of its discovery and isolation is among the most fascinating in the history of science. The distinction between discovery and isolation is significant. Discovery refers to the first nuclear and chemical proof of the existence of atoms of a new element, while isolation is the procurement of the first weighable amount in pure form. There was often a considerable amount of time between the discovery and isolation of the transuranium elements. The search for transuranium elements initiated by Fermi continued unabated. In the spring of 1940, Edward McMillan and Philip Abelson, working at the University of California Berkeley (UCB), exposed a natural uranium target to 12 Mev neutrons produced by bombarding Be with cyclotron-accelerated deuterons H U n U + g U t ½ = 23.5 min.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 6     101-120 of 132    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | Next 20