101. SI AHHP SPN Spring 1996 suggested by the Smithsonian Building which we know as the castle ?The architect s specifications and Smithsonian documents used the term Norman to http://www.si.edu/oahp/spq/spn96s1.htm

Smithsonian Preservation Notes Illustration by Rick Stamm Smithsonian Preservation Notes Spring 1996 edition WHAT STYLE IS IT? How would you describe the historical style suggested by the Smithsonian Building which we know as the "Castle"? The architect's specifications and Smithsonian documents used the term "Norman" to describe the building. Some critics at the time called it "medieval", in a derogatory sense. In our time the building has been called "Romanesque Revival", a term that describes as well the rock bound Richardsonian design of such buildings as the Old Post Office in downtown Washington and the Think Tank (originally Small Mammal House) at the Zoo. The word "Norman" refers of the kingdom of William the Conqueror whose territory encompassed England and northern France. William and his forces conquered the Anglo-Saxon ruler of Britain, King Harold, in 1066. Eleventh century Norman architecture in England was military. The Normans were imposing their order on a native population by force of arms. Castles were built to provide both residence and fortification to the Norman lords who received their authority as conquerors, not inheritors. There were many Castles built, but none of them resembled the Smithsonian Building. They were square towers surrounded by encircling defensive walls, not long, thin buildings with lots of windows. Illustration of a fortified castle The Normans brought to England the general style of the period in Europe at this period which is now known as Romanesque. Romanesque architecture is so called for its derivation from the late Roman/early Christian period. For 400 years, late Roman structures were reused. The rebuilding stimulated by Charlemagne, who had himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD, was meant to resemble and thus evoke the authority of Rome, but was indeed rather a crude copy. The buildings featured Roman details such as classical capitals, domes and arches. In these uncertain times later called the "Dark Ages," the walls were massive, giving the interiors their sense of protective enclosure.

102. Castles & Fortresses Guide Review A fabulous gift for anyone interested in castles, medieval history, or architecturein general. Compare Prices. Pros http://historymedren.about.com/od/castles/gr/oggins.htm

var zLb=5; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Medieval History Castles ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Medieval History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Medieval History Stay up to date! Compare Prices Email to a friend ... Print this page Suggested Reading Before You Buy Popular History Castles Top 6 Castle Books Top 5 Medieval Gift Books ... Top 5 Medieval Gifts - Beyond Books Related Guide Picks Most Popular Medieval Clip Art A Medieval Atlas Defining the Knight Medieval Atlas - Maps of All of Europe - Medieval European H... ... Knight Life Table of Contents What's Hot Erik the Red - Explorer Pleasures and Pastimes Medieval Atlas - Settlements of Angles Saxons and Jutes in B... The Diabolical Black Death Quiz - Question Seven ... Who's Who in Medieval History - William Shakespeare Related Topics Ancient / Classical History European History Military History Women's History ... Archaeology from Melissa Snell Guide Rating - The Bottom Line A fabulous gift for anyone interested in castles, medieval history, or architecture in general.

103. Sites Detail One of Scotland’s grandest castles due to its imposing position and impressivearchitecture, Stirling castle commands the countryside for many miles around. http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/properties_sites_detail?propertyID=PL_

104. Crowne Plaza, Prague, Austria Hotels , PRINT VERSION. general INFORMATION SIGHTS LINKS Construction of PragueCastle was begun in the 9th century, and it has been home to heads of state http://www.crowneplaza.cz/ahi/crowneplaza/prague_info/general_information_en.asp

CZ 160 45 Prague 6, Koulova 15 Tel.: +420 296 537 111 Fax: +420 296 537 535 E-mail: WELCOME TO THE CROWNE PLAZA PRAGUE WELCOME TO THE CROWNE PLAZA PRAGUE WELCOME TO THE CROWNE PLAZA PRAGUE WELCOME TO THE CROWNE PLAZA PRAGUE WELCOME TO THE CROWNE PLAZA PRAGUE HOTEL HOMEPAGE ONLINE RESERVATION ACCOMMODATION MEETING FACILITIES RESTAURANTS LOCATION PROGRAMS FACTSHEETS 360° VIEW FITNESS CENTER SUBSCRIBE OUR NEWSLETTER ENGLISH DEUTSCH ÈESKY ... PRINT VERSION GENERAL INFORMATION SIGHTS LINKS This is an invitation to all who have not yet been to Prague. Prague Prague, the capital city of the Czech Republic, is presently undergoing a period of great changes after having once again become a free metropolis of Central Europe. This magical city of two million inhabitants is situated on both banks of the Vltava River, which flows northward through the heart of town. Prague, like Rome, was constructed upon five hills and is shrouded in the mystery of a glorious, tragic past. Since medieval times it has been known as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. History of Prague Prague Castle Construction of Prague Castle was begun in the 9th century, and it has been home to heads of state from the middle ages until the present. Prague, aside from Rome, has been the only European capital city to remain for the past eleven hundred years the undisputed seat of power in its state. In Prague Castle's St. Vitus Cathedral lies the tomb of King Wenceslas, patron saint of the Czech lands of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. The centerpiece of the Old Town, located on the eastern bank of the Vltava, is the Old Town Square and original Old Town Hall, which boasts the famous Prague astronomical clock. Across the square stands the monumental Cathedral of Our Lady of Tyn. From the Old Town Square wind numerous narrow streets and alleys full of remarkable sights, including churches, cathedrals, galleries and museums, antique shops, and centuries-old wine and beer cellars.

105. Scientia Scholae II(1), Aug 2003 - Teaching Resources On Castles There are nice details of architectural elements such as arches and While agood general text for the nonspecialist, there are some errors and outdated http://www.teamsmedieval.org/scientia_scholae/0308/reviews.html

About Publications Online Texts Teaching Resources ... SCIENTIA SCHOLAE Volume II, Issue 1 August 2003 CONTENTS: Editor's Welcome Representations of the Garden in Medieval Literature Teaching Resources: Castles Guidelines for Submissions Teaching Resources on Castles Reviews of K-12 Materials Amy West Museum Educator, Higgins Armory Museum Worcester, MA What Were Castles For? Phil Roxbee Cox. Usborne Starting Point History Series. London: Usborne Publishing, 1994. ISBN 0-7460-1341-8 Castle . Christopher Gravett. Dorling- Kindersley Eyewitness Books series. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. ISBN 0-679-86000-2 This is an excellent book. It is an excellent accompaniment to Life in a Medieval Castle . Its two-page chapters cover the development and changes of castles over time, in various places, the defensive and domestic range portions of the castle, people and daily life within the castle, and also castle construction. The illustrations are the major draw of the book: they are photographs of period artifacts, illustrations, and, occasionally, reconstructions. But the text is valuable too. The introductory block of large-type text gives the broader information and themes while the smaller text explains each individual illustration. The text is amazingly accurate and informative. While the text is more suited for an older age group, this book is an essential resource for the teacher and the younger student.

106. Japanese Architecture | Internet Guide | National Clearinghouse For U.S.-Japan S Japan Access touches on the architecture of the various historic periods, This multipart feature on Japanese castles includes the following articles http://www.indiana.edu/~japan/iguides/architecture.html

Teachers Students General Information Headlines New Contents Traditional architecture Life in a Japanese House Japanese Gardens ... Japanese architecture in the U.S. Also available in PDF format and in a printer-friendly version About the Clearinghouse Lesson Plans Lesson Plan Database Lesson plan sites U.S-Japan Database of educational materials Publications Teaching about Japan Information Packet Japan Digests Internet Guides ... Bibliographies NEW Books Shinbun Resources State Standards Award-Winning Children's Literature Other Educational Resource Centers Miscellaneous Educational Resources ... Traditional Home Internet Guide Japanese Architecture Traditional architecture Life in a Japanese House Japanese Gardens Japanese architecture in the U.S. Current as of June 2005 Japan Atlas: Architecture A clickable map leads visitors to choose profiles on 27 structures, including bridges, shrines and castles throughout Japan. Architecture: A harmonious coexistence of tradition and innovation Japan Access touches on the architecture of the various historic periods, the design concept of Japanese architecture and the influences of Shinto and Buddhism as well as trends in modern architecture. Japanese Tradition JGC Corporation, a Japanese engineering company, presents a series of articles on ancient architecture and gardens. Many of the articles are written from a designer or builder's point of view. Includes pictures.

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