81. General Theories Of Punishment Two general theories of punishment, not simply of capital punishment. 1.Retributivism backward looking theory (lex talionis) a. Revenge http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~stanlick/cappun.html

Capital Punishment: Theories and Questions Two general theories of punishment, not simply of capital punishment: 1. Retributivism: backward looking theory (lex talionis) a. Revenge b. Moral Balance (the scales of justice as an analogy) - no exact "equals" in punishment c. Rights of the victim - without this element, the result is a chaotic society d. Effect on criminals the author of one's own punishment? A restatement into the moral community. 2. Deterrence and Rehabilitation theories a. Prevention/Reduction Benefits: i. Deters THIS particular criminal ii. Deters others iii. Improves society b. As rehabilitation, is this REALLY punishment at all? i. Assumption of diminished moral capacity ii. Are the benefits of rehabilitation available to everyone? iii. Is the expense justified? iv. Retribution is divisive, so rehabilitation is justified The Problem of Telishment: - punishment of the innocent. If this would deter criminals, then is it justified? Questions regarding the value of human life: Is the death penalty a sign that as a society, we have given up?

82. Capital Punishment In Connecticut Submitted to the Connecticut general Assembly January 8, 2003, in accordance with For analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment, http://www.cslib.org/capitalpunishment.htm

Capital Punishment in Connecticut State Statutes Recent Case Law Commission on the Death Penalty Office of Legislative Research Reports ... MICHAEL ROSS - SELECTED CHRONOLOGY State Statutes: CGS 53a-54b Capital felony CGS 53a-46a Mitigating and aggravating factors CGS 53a-46b Review of death sentence Recent Case Law Missionary Society of Connecticut v. Board of Pardons and Paroles (U.S. Supreme Court, January 27, 2005) Ross v. Rell (U.S. District Court, D.Conn., January 26, 2205) Temporary Restraining Order Ross v. Lantz (U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, January 25, 2005) Ross v. Lantz (U.S. District Court, D.Conn., January 24, 2005) Stay of Execution In re Application for Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (CT Supreme Court, January 25, 2005) [Motion for stay of execution dismissed] Dissent (Justices Norcott, Lavery, and Dranginis) Missionary Society of Connecticut v. Board of Pardons and Paroles (CT Supreme Court, January 24, 2005) State v. Ross (CT Supreme Court, 272 Conn. 577, January 14, 2005) Concurrence (Justice Norcott) Concurrence (Justice Dranginis) State v. Ross

83. Eric Zorn Column Archive Capital Punishment If this were a general election, the foes would have won. Foes of capitalpunishment and advocates for the wrongly convicted are urging Ryan to issue a http://www.ericzorn.com/columns/capital/

84. Insight On The News: Capital-punishment Canards - Fair Comment Full text of the article, capitalpunishment canards - fair comment from Maryland Attorney general J. Joseph Curran recently announced that he wants http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_6_19/ai_98415820

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Insight on the News March 4, 2003 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Capital punishment / Evaluation Murderers / Laws, regulations, etc. Justice, Administration of / Evaluation Featured Titles for Advocate, The Air Force Journal of Logistics Air Force Law Review Air Force Speeches ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Capital-punishment canards - fair comment Insight on the News March 4, 2003 by Michael Tremoglie Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. In March 1979, a Graterford (Pa.) prison guard was murdered brutally by an inmate. The inmateat the time he murdered the guard-already was serving a life sentence for the triple murder of two infants and an elderly woman. In 1994, an inmate who already was serving two life sentences in the Philadelphia Industrial Correctional Center was sentenced to three more after he was convicted of stabbing three prison guards.

85. Kant On Capital Punishment When we come to the particular case of capital punishment, we see that Kant It is interesting to note that Kant in effect recognize this general point. http://brindedcow.umd.edu/140/kantcap.html

Kant on Capital Punishment Kant offers perhaps the purest (though not necessarily the clearest) statement of the retributive theory of punishment. The idea in brief is simple: it is wrong to punish people for utilitarian reasons. Legal punishment must always be a response to guilt. If the core motive in punishing someone is to deter others, or to protect society, or to set an example, then the person punished is wronged; their humanity has not been respected. So punishment must always be in response to guilt, but Kant in effect goes further: the suggestion that seems to come through this reading is not only that guilt is a necessary condition for punishment, but that the guilty must be punished or else justice and equality, the only proper foundations for the law, will not have been served. Equality is the principle that must be used in selecting a punishment. Kant uses a metaphor. He refers to the principle of equality as the one by which the pointer of the scale of justice is made to incline no more to one side than to the other. There are two ideas involved in Kant's explanation of this. One is the familiar idea of "an eye for an eye." The evil that a wrongdoer inflicts is the measure of how severely s/he should be punished. Kant points out: we do not need to require that people who are assaulted should be assaulted, for example. What is required is that the pain inflicted on the criminal should be equivalent to the pain inflicted on the victim. That is one part of the

86. Van Den Haag On Capital Punishment Van den Haag also makes another point capital punishment is not alone in being Therefore, what goes for punishment in general might well not go for http://brindedcow.umd.edu/140/vandenhaag.html

van den Haag on Capital Punishment We did not deal with all of van den Haag's article, and these notes will not do so either. Instead, we will focus on two points. The first is van den Haag's discussion of the relationship between the justice of capital punishment and the equality of its distribution. The argument we focussed on most closely dealt with the issue of the distribution of capital punishment. Van den Haag's first point quite plausible, surely is that if capital punishment is immoral in itself, no distribution of capital punishment no facts about who was and wasn't executed could make it moral. He adds, by way of apparent symmetry, that if capital punishment is moral, no distribution could make it immoral. On its face, this may not sound right. After all, opponents of capital punishment often point to facts about its distribution in objecting to it. Why does van den Haag think this is a mistake? The answer has two parts. The major point is that "improper distribution cannot affect the quality of what is distributed." Or to come at it in a different way, guilt is individual, as van den Haag points out. Van den Haag also makes another point: capital punishment is not alone in being ill-distributed, but no one seriously thinks we should stop punishing criminals. This point would not do by itself. It would be open to the objection that in obvious and important ways, capital punishment is not like other punishments. Therefore, what goes for punishment in general might well not go for capital punishment. So the major premise becomes more important. And to repeat, the major premise is that distribution doesn't affect the quality of the thing distributed.

87. General Statistics - Brief Bank & General Reaources - The International Justice States with capital punishment Statistics. Jurisdictions with capital punishmentStatutes Jurisdictions without capital punishment Statutes http://www.internationaljusticeproject.org/briefsStates.cfm

Home Search Site Map Links ... Contact IJP Site Links. . . Program Overview Execution Calendar -Current Calendar -All Calendars Juveniles -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -International Instruments -Statistics -Resources -Briefs Foreign Nationals -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -International Instruments -Statistics -Resources -Briefs Mental Retardation -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -International Instruments -Resources -Briefs Mental Illness -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -Briefs Brief Bank, Internships Project Overview Execution Calendar Juveniles Foreign Nationals ... Printer Friendly Version States with Capital Punishment Statistics Jurisdictions with Capital Punishment Statutes: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut*, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas*, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire*#, New Jersey*, New Mexico, New York*, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota*, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming, Federal, U.S. Military* Jurisdictions without Capital Punishment Statutes: Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin

88. The Hindu : Kerala News : Poor Worst Victims Of Capital Punishment, Says Adoor The CPI(M) central committee member, MA Baby, the BJP State general secretary, Presenting a paper on the language of capital punishment, VC Harris of http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/02/stories/2005050208890400.htm

Online edition of India's National Newspaper Monday, May 02, 2005 Group Publications Business Line The Sportstar Frontline The Hindu About Us Contact Us Kerala News: Front Page National Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh ... Engagements Advts: Classifieds Employment Kerala Poor worst victims of capital punishment, says Adoor Special Correspondent `NO' TO CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: Ramachandran Nair, former police constable who has admitted to have shot dead naxalite leader Varghese, watching a poster exhibition against capital punishment in Thiruvananthapuram on Sunday. Photo: S. Mahinsha THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The poor are the worst victims of capital punishment, says Adoor Gopalakrishnan, whose film Nizhalkuth on capital punishment has won wide acclaim.

89. TimesDispatch.com | A Racial Past In Va. Death-penalty Cases whites, who were subject to capital punishment only in cases of murder, Virginia Attorney general Jerry W. Kilgore says that the Virginia of 2004 is http://www.timesdispatch.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=RTD/MGArticle/RTD_BasicA

90. General Information On The Death Penalty/Capital Punishment Information on various aspects of capital punishment, including data, reports,and factsheets pertinent to sociologists and other social scientists http://psychology.about.com/cs/deathpengeneral/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Psychology Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Psychology newsletter! See Online Courses Search Psychology General Information on the Death Penalty Guide picks Information on various aspects of capital punishment, including data, reports, and factsheets pertinent to sociologists and other social scientists interested in the death penalty. Addresses of Death Rows A list of addresses for both men's and women's death rows in the United States. Allowable Methods of Execution This page gives the authorized methods of execution by state, plus some brief news items. Death Row USA State lists of prisoners on death row, including gender, race, and juvenile status. Dirty Details: Executing U.S. Soldiers During WW II Part on an on-going project, this paper by a sociologist describes the crimes, defendants, victims, and events surrounding 18 military executions that took place in England, 1943-1945. Executions by State This map from the Death Penalty Information Center provides numbers of executions occurring around the United States.

91. Commentary Magazine - For Capital Punishment, By Walter Berns Those who would abolish capital punishment, Berns believes, would really like the rising sentiment in favor of capital punishment is linked to a general http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Summaries/V68I2P73-1.htm

var AID="06802073_1"; For Capital Punishment, by Walter Berns Berger, Peter L. In the case of this book, the title and subtitle give, for once, an accurate idea of the contents. The book is a frank plea in favor of capital punishment. ...A society that cannot condemn cannot praise, and by this double inability it proclaims that it does not believe its own alleged values... ...Berns shows the connection between abolitionism and other reformist causes in the area of criminal law, a connection that has prevailed to the present time... ...There is probably also an overlap between the former group and those who favor a number of other humanizing policies with which Berns agrees... ...His final argument is based not on the findings of the criminologists but on the conviction that the death penalty is neither unjust nor inhuman-indeed, that it is necessary if we are to uphold the fear of the law on which civilized society rests... ...But so is every outrage against acts of cruelty... ...If it is possible to be on the Left without embracing the terrorist, it is possible to be on the Right and to reject the hangman... ...Those who would abolish capital punishment, Berns believes, would really like to abolish all punishment...

92. Column: Capital Punishment For Corporations? capital punishment for Corporations? by David Morris In April, New YorkAttorney general Dennis Vacco petitioned a state court to dissolve the Council http://www.ilsr.org/columns/1998/092298.html

Home About Us Staff Publications ... News Feeds Please consider supporting the work of ILSR through a secure online donation! ILSR is a nonprofit organization and contributions are tax-deductible. Have A Question? info@ilsr.org Capital Punishment for Corporations? by David Morris Institute for Local Self-Reliance September 22, 1998 - published in St. Paul Pioneer Press No one should be above the law, our politicians insist. If the President is lying, he should be stripped of office. Drug users should be stripped of their possessions and their livelihoods. Murderers should suffer the ultimate punishment-death. Only one entity is exempted from this firm principle that criminals should be punished for their criminal behavior: the corporation. It is an odd exception. After all, corporations can wield power and wreak damage a million times greater than can an individual. Yet today a corporation found guilty of the most heinous crime usually pleads nolo contendere, which means it admits no guilt, pays a trivial fine and promises not to commit the crime again. If only the President could incorporate himself, he'd be home free. Corporations were not always treated so indulgently. When the corporate form was invented in the 18th century, its proponents realized they had created a potential monster. The introduction of limited liability meant owners were no longer responsible for the actions of their businesses. This posed a dilemma. For as Edward, Lord Chancellor of England said at the time, "Did you ever expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked?"

93. Capital Punishment: The Most Deplorable Form Of Deliberate Murder capital punishment is the most deplorable and appalling form of intentional murder In my opinion, to try the general Schwartzkopfs and the Bin Ladens, http://www.marxists.org/archive/hekmat-mansoor/2000/11/03.htm

Capital Punishment: The most Deplorable form of Deliberate Murder Question: In its literature, the Worker-communist Party of Iran has clearly spoken about the necessity of abolishing capital punishment. What is the WPI's reasoning behind the necessity of abolishing capital punishment? Mansoor Hekmat: Capital punishment is the state's terminology for murder. Individuals murder each other, but states sentence individuals to 'capital punishment.' The demand to end capital punishment and prohibit murder stems from opposition to intentional, deliberate and planned murder of one by the other. That a state or ruling political force is responsible does not make the slightest difference to the fact that we are dealing with intentional murder. Capital punishment is the most deplorable and appalling form of intentional murder since a political authority, publicly, with prior notice, on behalf of society, with the utmost legitimacy and ruthlessness, decides to murder someone, and announces the date and time of the event. Question: With the abolishment of capital punishment, how can grievances be filed against murderers?

94. Death Penalty Information Center A nonprofit organization serving the media and the public with analysis andinformation on issues concerning capital punishment in the United States. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/

Execution Database Death Penalty Fact Sheet (pdf) State by State Information New E-mail Service ... See A Month of What's New RACE AND JURY SELECTION: Federal Judge Attempts to Seat a More Diverse Jury in Death Penalty Case Posted: September 19, 2005 A federal judge in Boston presiding over the death penalty case of two black defendants has ordered a change in the process of summoning jurors in order to ensure a more diverse jury. U.S. District Judge Nancy Gertner wrote a 95-page opinion and noted that it would be "profoundly troubling" if the defendants, Darryl Green and Branden Morris, were to face an all-white jury in a trial for their lives. [ More Postal Inspector Voices Doubts About Ohio Defendant's Guilt Posted: September 16, 2005 U.S. Postal Inspector Gregory Duerr of Cleveland has called for a delay in an upcoming Ohio execution because he said official testimony given in the case of John Spirko was unreliable. Spirko's November 15 execution date should be "delayed until the serious issues indicating innocence (are) truly resolved," Duerr noted. In an open letter to Chief Inspector Leroy Heath, Duerr questioned the character of a key state's witness, retired postal inspector Paul Hartman. [ More Taiwan President Promises to Abolish the Death Penalty Posted: September 14, 2005

95. Kearl's Guide To The Sociology Of Death: Moral Debates Looking at the combined 19962000 NORC general Social Surveys, Beliefs aboutcapital punishment do, however, correlate with attitudes toward http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/death-5.html

M ORAL D EBATES O F O UR T IMES A BORTION The year began in 1998 with numerous media reflections on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Supreme Court's landmark Roe vs. Wade decision and the thirty to thirty-five million abortions that the ruling legalized. (In fact, three years earlier in 1995, Norma McCorvey [known as Jane Roe], the woman whose fight for the right to an abortion led to the 1973 Supreme Court decision, said that she disavowed her position and had been baptized by the national head of the anti-abortion group Operation Rescue.) In January of that year, a New York Times /CBS News telephone survey of 1,101 Americans found one- half viewing "abortion [as] the same thing as murdering a child" and a general preference toward restricting the procedure. For instance, when asked whether a pregnant woman should be able to get a legal abortion if her pregnancy would force her to interrupt her career, only 25% said yesdown from 37% in 1989. With the conclusion of this anniversary year, studies of The Alan Guttmacher Institute found a decrease in the number of abortion providers in the United States and reported the lowest abortion rate since 1975. (Click here for the

96. MSN Encarta - Capital Punishment capital punishment, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human rights issue http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570630/Capital_Punishment.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Criminal Punishment Furman v. Georgia, Supreme Court decision forcing change in death penalty laws more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Capital Punishment Search for books and more related to Capital Punishment Encarta Search Search Encarta about Capital Punishment Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Capital Punishment ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Capital Punishment Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 8 items Article Outline Introduction The Death Penalty Debate World Trends Capital Punishment in the United States I Introduction Print Preview of Section Capital Punishment , legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law . Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion , stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, impaling, and beheading. Today capital punishment is typically accomplished by lethal gas or injection

97. Death Penalty / Capital Punishment Law - MegaLaw.com Death penalty / capital punishment law cases, codes, regulations, and web linksand resources, at MegaLaw.com. http://www.megalaw.com/top/deathpenalty.php

MegaLaw.com MegaLawBooks.com MegaDepos.com MegaLaw ... Contact Us Official Case Law: Sponsored links: Medical Malpractice MegaLaw partners: DEATH PENALTY / CAPITAL PUNISHMENT LAW Home Legal Research Topic Index > Death Penalty / Capital Punishment Law MegaLaw Civil Rights Law MegaLaw Constitutional Law MegaLaw Criminal Law MegaLaw Criminal Procedure Death Penalty / Capital Punishment Law Decisions Supreme Court Decisions Related to the Death Penalty / Capital Punishment - at the Legal Information Institute ("LII") Court of Appeals Decisions Related to the Death Penalty / Capital Punishment - at LII Relevant Constitutional Provisions U.S. Constitution, Article III, Sec. 3 - Definition of and Power to Punish Treason U.S. Constitution, Fifth Amendment - Including rights with respect to the death penalty and prosecution of capital crimes Federal Crimes Carrying the Death Penalty Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court Assassination, or Kidnapping Resulting in Death - 18 U.S. Code, Sec. 351 Genocide - 18 U.S. Code, Sec. 1091 Hostage Taking Resulting in Death - 18 U.S. Code, Sec. 1203

98. Seventh Survey On Capital Punishment And On The Implementation Of The Safeguards Background documents for survey on capital punishment. E/CN.15/2001/10 capitalpunishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crime_captial_punishment_survey.html

Home Site Map Links Contact Us Regional Websites select the site Afghanistan Barbados Bolivia Brazil Central Asia Colombia Egypt India Iran Kenya Lao PDR Mexico Myanmar New York Nigeria Pakistan Peru Russia Senegal South Africa Thailand Vietnam Login Search print document News and Publications Drug Supply Reduction Crime Programme ... Standards and Norms UNODC is cosponsor of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS - UNAIDS Seventh survey on capital punishment and on the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, covering the period 1999-2003 The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is currently carrying out the seventh survey on capital punishment and on the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, covering the period 1999-2003. The survey instrument has been sent out to all Member States of the United Nations, to intergovernmental organizations, to specialized agencies and to non-governmental organisations with consultative status with the Economic and Social Council. Replies or comments are to be received by 1 December 2004.

99. Daily News - Eluniversal.com A look at the files on record in the Attorney general Office and local chapters In the political area, interests prevent investigation and punishment of http://english.eluniversal.com/2005/07/16/en_pol_art_16A578443.shtml

today last week last month last year all Advanced Search Caracas, Saturday July 16 , 2005 Principal Daily News News Casualties are usually young men of 14-25 years of age; impunity is the common feature. Capital punishment Some die while formally detained (Photo: Enio Perdomo) For long time, police bodies have been involved in executions. The numbers have grown exponentially under the Fifth Republic. The Attorney General Office reports 3,500 murders GIULIANA CHIAPPE FRANCISCO OLIVARES EL UNIVERSAL A look at the files on record in the Attorney General Office and local chapters, or a chat with the Attorney General, or a look at the mourners' claims on the media would have been enough to answer to the president's query about since when this has happened. Well, for many years. Since the Fourth Republic, needless to say. But much more under the Fifth Republic. Based on the claims filed, official estimates point to 2,500 executions from 2002 to 2005, excluding clashes. From 1994 to 1998, off-the-record killing was much lower: 126 in 1994-1995; 146 in 1995-1996; 151 in 1996-1997, and 104 in 1997-1998, for a total of 527 as compared to 2,500 under the Fifth Republic. NGO Integrating Force representative Alfredo Romero provided the numbers.

100. Capital Punishment Statement on capital punishment, Archbishop Joseph L. Bernardin, President, Cf. Charles Black, Jr., capital punishment (New York Norton, 1974), pp. http://www.osjspm.org/cappun.htm

Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis Home Issues Alerts Act! ... Search U.S. Catholic Bishops' Statement on Capital Punishment November, Other Links Other statements on capital punishment. Catholics Against Capital Punishment Other web resources on capital punishment. INTRODUCTION In 1974, out of a commitment to the value and dignity of human life, the U.S. Catholic Conference, by a substantial majority, voted to declare its opposition to capital punishment. As a former president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops pointed out in 1977, the issue of capital punishment involves both "profound legal and political questions as well as 'important moral and religious issues,'" And so we find that this issue continues to provoke public controversy and to raise moral questions that trouble many. This is particularly true in the aftermath of widely publicized executions in Utah and Florida and as a result of public realization that they are awaiting execution in various prisons. The resumption of capital punishment after a long moratorium which began in 1967, is the result of a series of decisions by the United States Supreme Court. In the first of these decisions

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