61. Capital Punishment It is inherent in a just capital punishment law that there be proportion between the Here I want to consider, however, certain general circumstances. http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/capital_punishment.htm

Capital Punishment - The Pope's Position The Church's teaching has not changed, nor has the Pope said that it has. The Catechism and the Pope state that the state has the right to exact the death penalty. Nations have the right to just war and individuals have the right to self-defense. Does that means that any and all uses of force to defend oneself against a criminal, or a criminal nation, are justified? No, and most people understand that. To be good every moral act must satisfy three elements 1) The act itself must be good. 2) The intention of the one doing it must be good. 3) The circumstances must be appropriate. 1. Capital punishment is the right of the state. This is the principle taught by the Church. The Pope does not deny it, but neither St. Thomas or any Magisterial text presumes this gives the state an unlimited right to make capital laws and carry them out. It is inherent in a just capital punishment law that there be proportion between the taking of the life of the criminal and the benefit expected to the common good. A law, for example, that takes no account of factors such as repentance, mental age and so on is unjust. States have executed the mentally retarded, who could be of no conceivable future threat to society, and in one case a woman whose evident conversion even the state admitted. Thus, the

62. Appointment: Leigh Bienen Joins Capital Punishment Study Team, Observer Online ( to the capital punishment system that were enacted by the 93rd general Assembly the capital punishment system and will issue a report to the general http://www.northwestern.edu/observer/issues/2005/01/06/bienen.html

Archives Staff Info Contact Us Jobs ... Northwestern NewsCenter January 6, 2005 Appointment: Leigh Bienen joins capital punishment study team Leigh Bienen teaches criminal law, law and literature, and persuasion. Leigh Buchanan Bienen, senior lecturer at the School of Law, has been appointed to the Illinois Capital Punishment Reform Study Committee. The appointment was made by Emil Jones, president of the Illinois Senate, who appoints three of the 16 members of the committee. The committee is charged with the responsibility of studying the impact of various reforms to the capital punishment system that were enacted by the 93rd General Assembly of Illinois. Bienen and committee members will hold periodic hearings to receive public testimony on the manner in which reforms have impacted the capital punishment system and will issue a report to the General Assembly. Bienen teaches in the areas of criminal law, law and literature, and persuasion. As a public defender in New Jersey, she represented clients in state and federal trial and appellate courts and before numerous official boards and tribunals. Previous to coming to Northwestern, she taught law at the University of Pennsylvania School of Law, the University of California (Berkeley) Boalt Hall School of Law, and the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. She is a member of the bar in Illinois, Pennsylvania, New York, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Supreme Court. Top Story Program Review for 19 units News Martin Luther King Jr. Day: Remembering the life, legacy of civil rights leader

63. BCCLA Position Paper: Capital Punishment, 1972 punishment, especially capital punishment, has historical antecedents that on capital punishment arrived (The UK, 19481953) summarizes the general http://www.bccla.org/positions/dueprocess/72capital.html

Capital punishment But if either direct punishment, the fear of it, be what deters men from a vicious and criminal course of life, and not the turpitude of the thing itself, then none can be guilty of injustice, and the greatest offenders ought rather to be called imprudent than wicked. (Cicero, from The Laws Punishment, especially capital punishment, has historical antecedents that infringe the boundaries of prehistory, and the merits of that punishment have been argued since. Punishment has been generally recognized by all who have seriously considered its genesis and its merits, to have three functions: allowing the society or individuals some form of vengeance or retribution deterring the future commission of crimes and reforming individuals who have committed crimes. Retribution With respect to the first function, that of retribution or vengeance, the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association takes the position that legalized homicide as punishment is generally inconsistent with the values it is presumed to protect, and in a broader context is demeaning of the dignity of human life. Civil liberties of individuals are the collection of traditions and laws that serve to protect and enhance the inalienable rights of personal freedom and the dignity of individuals, insofar as they do not substantially infringe the rights of others. These values and rights are, or should be, embodied in the laws of a society, and in our opinion, they should not be applied in a discriminatory manner. The prohibition against homicide is intended to protect the basic values of human dignity and personal freedom and in our view, those prohibitions apply equally to individuals and to society. This is particularly true when the purpose of homicide is vengeance, for society considers this is a heinous crime when perpetrated by an individual.

64. Capital Punishment In The United States Resource Guide Find general information about capital punishment in the United States. Connect toother capital punishment in the United States related sites. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACJD/CP/

MyData Login/ Account Info Download Saved Files ... Logout Capital Punishment in the United States Resource Guide About Capital Punishment in the United States Using the Capital Punishment Resource Guide Capital Punishment Data File Structure ... Download Capital Punishment Data About Capital Punishment in the United States Capital Punishment in the United States provides annual data on prisoners under a sentence of death, as well as those who had their sentences commuted or vacated and prisoners who were executed. This study examines basic sociodemographic classifications including age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status at time of imprisonment, level of education, and State and region of incarceration. Criminal history information includes prior felony convictions and prior convictions for criminal homicide and the legal status at the time of the capital offense. Additional information is provided on those inmates removed from death row by yearend. The dataset provides information on inmates whose death sentences were removed in addition to information on those inmates who were executed. The file also gives information about inmates who received a second death sentence by yearend as well as inmates who were already on death row. Using the Resource Guide The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), a part of the

65. Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Essays And Articles At ENotes debated whether capital punishment is a more effective general deterrent Social scientists have examined the general deterrent effect of capital http://www.enotes.com/does-capital-article/

Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Essays and Articles at eNotes Advanced Search eNotes Home Literature Guides Lesson Plans ... SAT Prep Welcome, guest! Login Join eNotes Help September 19th, 2005 Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Gale Group Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime?: Introduction Table of Contents Organizations to Contact Bibliography ... Tell a friend about Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? eNotes. Viewpoints Printable Version Download PDF Cite this Page According to data collected by the federal government, between 1930 and 1968, 3,859 persons were executed in the United States under civil authority. After 1950, the number of executions consistently declined from 105 in 1951 to 2 in 1967—and to zero from 1968 through 1976— primarily due to legal challenges to the death penalty. These challenges culminated in 1972 when the Supreme Court, in the case of Furman v. Georgia The United States is the only Western democracy that allows capital punishment, and the sentence has widespread popular and political support. In a 1997 Time magazine poll, 74 percent of those surveyed said they favor capital punishment for persons convicted of serious crimes. This number, though, masks the conflicted attitudes Americans have toward the death penalty. The same poll reveals that when Americans are asked whether they think vengeance is a legitimate reason to execute a murderer, 60 percent do not. Additionally, a slight majority (52 percent to 45 percent) do not believe the death penalty deters crime. Most Americans may want killers executed, but a majority are uncomfortable with the two primary reasons for capital punishment—vengeance and deterrence.

66. RCA: Perspective On Capital Punishment The increased frequency of capital punishment in many states merits a response by The commission reaffirms the 1965 and 1966 general Synod statements. http://www.rca.org/aboutus/perspective/death.html

@import "/data/css/rca.css"; Print this page Email this page Inside About Us Our Call Archives Beliefs Belonging ... News You are here: home aboutus perspective Perspective on Capital Punishment Perspective on Capital Punishment In response to an overture from the Classis of Delaware-Raritan the 1999 General Synod voted: MGS 1965 , pp. 211-214, 222-225; and MGS 1996, pp. 220-222); and further, to instruct the Commission on Christian Action to review said resolution and accompanying biblical study to determine if it should be revised and reaffirmed for present circumstances ( MGS 1999, R-30, p. 116). The reasons cited in support of this recommendation were: 1. The increased frequency of capital punishment in many states merits a response by the church. 2. Seeking a new consensus on this vital issue through shared theological reflection would be a faithful use of time and gifts. The Classis of Delaware-Raritan in presenting the overture also noted that several other Christian churches have presented statements opposing capital punishment. Among them are: American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A.

67. Capital Punishment - United States Mission To Germany Map of the US indicating states with and without capital punishment A distinguished panel composed of former judges, state attorneys general, http://berlin.usembassy.gov/germany/policy/capital_punishment.html

About Us U.S. Citizen Services Visa Information Meet the USA ... Deutsch You Are In: Home U.S. Policy and Issues Policy News Policy News Latest News Foreign Policy Economic Policy Global Issues ... Electronic Journals issues Capital Punishment Map of the U.S. indicating states with and without capital punishment Policy Statements Documents Research Commentary Policy Statements Capital Punishment in U.S. Hit 30-Year Low in 2003 Revised: U.S. Supreme Court bans death penalty for juveniles March 1, 2005 The following fact sheet on capital punishment in the United States was compiled from U.S. Department of Justice statistics and Department of State sources. This fact sheet was originally published on December 1, 2004; this update reflects a March 1, 2005, ruling issued by the U.S. Supreme Court banning the execution of those who were under the age of 18 at the time of their crime. Full text U.S. Supreme Court Ends Death Penalty for Juveniles Divided court overturns sentences in 19 states March 1, 2005 By Susan Ellis, Washington File Staff Writer Washington A closely divided Supreme Court ruled March 1 that the death penalty cannot be imposed on youthful murderers who were not yet 18 years of age at the time they committed the crimes, ending a practice used in 19 of the U.S. states. Such executions are a disproportionate punishment for juveniles, whom society views as categorically less culpable than adult criminals, the court said, and violate the ban on cruel and unusual punishment contained in the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

68. Capital Punishment - Al Mashriq capital punishment under Sharia Law. During a stay in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia inthe early 1950 s, Uthman el Kadi took these photographs of the implementation http://almashriq.hiof.no/general/300/360/364/364.66/kadi/

Capital punishment under Sharia Law. During a stay in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in the early 1950's, Uthman el Kadi took these photographs of the implementation of Sharia Law with regard to crimes punished by amputation and decapitation. Note: These photographs are published as historical documentation. Contribution courtesy of Rim Kadi, 2002. A thief having his right hand cut off. A second hand amputation. Public execution in Jeddah, 1953 Public execution by decapitation. The decapitated convicts. A decapitated convict. Text on back of third photograph Text under the photographs al@mashriq Last modified: Fri Mar 22 12:33:51 2002 / bl

69. File Not Found Sri Lanka Sri Lanka President urged to implement capital punishment (Sri July 25, Colombo The Attorney general s Department has recommended that http://www.colombopage.com/archive/July25123711JV.html

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70. HR301.html Creating the Georgia capital punishment Study Commission to study the death The general Assembly also acknowledges that the commission will need to http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2005_06/fulltext/hr301.htm

05 LC 19 6516 House Resolution 301 By: Representatives Stephenson of the 92 nd , Lucas of the 139 th , Dukes of the 150 th , Morgan of the 39 th , Mosby of the 90 th , and others A RESOLUTION Creating the Georgia Capital Punishment Study Commission to study the death penalty; to provide for the powers, duties, and compensation of its members; to suspend executions until such time as a report from such study commission is submitted to the General Assembly and the General Assembly and the Governor act in response to recommendations from the study commission; to provide for related matters; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes. WHEREAS, life is the most valuable possession of a human being; and WHEREAS, the state should exercise utmost care to protect its residents lives from homicide, accident, or arbitrary or wrongful taking of life by the state; and WHEREAS, there has been increasing public awareness of cases of individuals wrongfully convicted of murder, in Georgia and elsewhere in the nation; and WHEREAS, the General Assembly is troubled that the possibility of mistake in the death penalty process may undermine public confidence in our criminal justice system; and

71. SR184.html Creating the Georgia capital punishment Study Commission to study the death penalty; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE general ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2005_06/fulltext/sr184.htm

05 LC 29 1868S The Senate Judiciary Committee offered the following substitute to SR 184: A RESOLUTION Creating the Georgia Capital Punishment Study Commission to study the death penalty; to provide for the powers, duties, and compensation of its members; to urge the suspension of executions until such time as a report from such study commission is submitted to the General Assembly and the General Assembly and the Governor act in response to recommendations from the study commission; and for other purposes. WHEREAS, life is the most valuable possession of a human being; and WHEREAS, there has been increasing public awareness of cases of individuals wrongfully convicted of murder, in Georgia and elsewhere in the nation; and WHEREAS, the General Assembly is troubled that the possibility of mistake in the death penalty process may undermine public confidence in our criminal justice system; and WHEREAS, the execution of an innocent person by the State of Georgia would be a grave and irreversible injustice; and WHEREAS, there is public concern that racial and socioeconomic factors influence decisions to seek or impose the death penalty; and

72. Ninth Circuit Capital Punishment Handbook However, if a defendant places his general character in issue, California capitalpunishment law forbids execution of an insane or pregnant inmate. http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/web/sdocuments.nsf/0/472d0b36cebf2c498825684900625c5

73. Barbados: Open Letter To The Attorney General And The People Of Barbados - Amnes In this open letter to the Attorney general and people of Barbados, capital punishment has never been shown to be a more effective deterrent to violent http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR150052002?open&of=ENG-BRB

74. Death Penalty News - June 2000 - Amnesty International New UN Quinquennial report on capital punishment; 4. Every five years the UNSecretarygeneral is mandated to produce a report on capital punishment. http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engACT530022000?open&of=THEMES/DEATH PENALT

75. EZF - Buddhism & Capital Punishment the general concept of capital punishment remains popular in the United States In any event, as is the case with capital punishment in the United http://www.engaged-zen.org/articles/Damien_P_Horigan-Buddhism_Capital_Punishment

Home Our Mission Articles Talks ... Contact by Damien P. Horigan, Esq. I. INTRODUCTION There is a global trend against capital punishment. Most nations in the developed world and an increasing number of nations in the developing world have officially abolished the death penalty. Similarly, there is an abolitionist movement in the realm of international law. However, matters are quite different in the United States where the United States Supreme Court in Gregg v. Georgia permitted the resumption of executions by the states after the hiatus brought about by Furman v. Georgia. If public opinion polls are to be believed, the general concept of capital punishment remains popular in the United States today. Politicians are well aware of this. In the spring of 1995 New York rejoined the ranks of states with the death penalty. A majority of states have laws providing for the death penalty even though the number of actual executions remains relatively low when compared to the population of inmates on death rows across the nation. In recent years the Supreme Court has repeatedly come out in favor of the death penalty. For instance, the mentally retarded may be executed. Likewise, minors may be executed. Such decisions go against what appears to be the general evolution of international law.

76. Paragraph Development And Topic Sentences (to the left) is completely irrelevant to the general topic (capital punishment), Sentence 3, however, shifts the focus from capital punishment as a http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/paragraphs.htm

Paragraph Development and Topic Sentences A typical expository paragraph starts with a controlling idea or claim, which it then explains, develops, or supports with evidence. Paragraph sprawl occurs when digressions are introduced into an otherwise focused and unified discussion. Digressions and deviations often come in the form of irrelevant details or shifts in focus. Irrelevant Details No sentence is completely irrelevant to the general topic of this paragraph (the cherry tree), but the sentences Behind the yard was an alley and then more houses and My mother always worried about my falling out of the tree, but I never did do not develop the specific idea in the first sentence: enjoyment of the cherry tree. Shift in Focus It is a fact that capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime. Statistics show that in states with capital punishment, murder rates are the same or almost the same as in states without capital punishment. It is also true that it is more expensive to put a person on death row than in life imprisonment because of the costs of maximum security. Unfortunately, capital punishment has been used unjustly.

77. Essay Depot - Life Or Death: Capital Punishment In The Spotlight Life or Death capital punishment in the Spotlight. “capital punishment”.Dictionary.com. 2000. 14 Nov. 2002 “general Statistics about the Death Penalty http://www.essaydepot.com/essayme/1849/index.php

Login Become a Member Add a Quote Monday, September 19, 2005 Home My Profile Browse Search ... Contact Words of Wisdom: "sex does not need love but love needs sex" - abdel gaphour ahmed Get the publicity you want for your essay! Help other students make their own better! Click HERE to submit your essay! Essay Critique(s) Express your owns thoughts and ideas on this essay by writing a grade and/or critique APA MLA Home ... Capital Punishment Name: Shawn Woody Submitted: 11.19.02 Word Count: 1427 "Argumentative essay for college Comp. 1 class. Approximately 1287 words." Life or Death: Capital Punishment in the Spotlight As with all controversial issues, capital punishment is no stranger to opposition. Activist groups have gathered and published information pertaining to the inability of capital punishment to deter crime and of the United States justice system’s tendency to be prejudice in executions. The Moratorium Campaign, an anti-capital punishment group, posts information on their website regarding the flaws of capital punishment. Anti-capital punishment topics such as “Innocent people are sentenced to die” and “The death penalty is racially inequitable” are posted freely for anyone interested in such information to read (General Statistics 1). Perhaps the most common argument against capital punishment is its effectiveness. The Moratorium Campaign states: States that do not have the death penalty have an average murder rate that is actually lower than states that do have the death penalty. In 1995 the police chiefs across the United States were polled by a bi-partisan polling firm and ask to rank the ten things that reduce crime – the death penalty was almost unanimously ranked last. (General Statistics 1)

78. Pro-Life, Anti-Death Penalty? By James R. Kelly And Christopher Have Catholics in general and prolifers in particular been listening to this Until recently, opposition to capital punishment was widely assumed to be http://www.americamagazine.org/articles/kellyprolifeantideathpenalty.cfm

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79. Capital Punishment: Deserved And Wrong Establishing capital punishment as potentially deserved requires a further step . but whether one s general attitude concerning punishment tends toward http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=116

80. Ashcroft Preaches Love And Capital Punishment Addressing a news conference, Attorney general J. Joseph Curran Jr. said Capitalpunishment comes only at the intolerable risk of killing an innocent http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0208-03.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Featured Views Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Saturday, February 8, 2003 by the Boulder Daily Camera Ashcroft Preaches Love and Capital Punishment by Christopher Brauchli From ghoulies and ghosties and long leggety beasties And things that go bump in the night, Good Lord, deliver us! Addressing a crowd of 3,000 at the Adam's Mark Hotel in Denver, John Ashcroft, attorney general of the United States, talked not about law but about love. He said, among other things, that "When a need is expressed, you don't have to be the proverbial rocket scientist, a theoretical mathematician. You don't have to be a Ph.D. You just have to be a person whose spirit responds to the need and says, 'I will.'" Commenting on the need for individuals to love one another he said: "While government programs provide for entitlements, when one citizen reaches for another, or one organization, or a group of citizens, does so based on an overwhelming conviction within them that we are one, it says something more than 'You are entitled.' It says 'I love you' and 'I love you' is something that needs to be said more frequently in our culture." It's nice that Mr. Ashcroft wants people to say that they love each other. It's really quite easy. It is, after all, only three words. That does not necessarily imply compassion, yet another quality some (though not Mr. Ashcroft) associate with love. He has once again shown the world that you can love people while working to make sure ones you love less are killed.

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