61. WWF - The Conservation Organisation cape verde T +238 262 25 79 F +238 261 40 80 WWF Central african RepublicCoordination Office, WWF Southern africa regional Programme Office (SARPO), http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/who_we_are/offices/offices_region.cfm?uRegion=Afr

62. HISTORY 311 Africa To 1875 Map Study List cape verde Islands, Atlantic islands near West africa Ethiopia, mountainousregion at the north end of the East african Highlands http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/maps/311map.htm

Map Study List Contents Instructions for the map test List of locations and items that may appear on the test Blank practice map of Africa showing national borders INSTRUCTIONS The map test is designed to give you a reason to learn where many of the places in precolonial African history are located. You will find this useful for following class discussion, and it will allow you to complete the assigned readings more quickly and with greater understanding. Although most people will receive an A on this test, there are always a few who do very poorly and even fail. Afterwards, they say that they did not take the test seriously enough, or they only studied a portion of the names. In order to avoid that, and to enable everyone to do well on the test, the professor offers the following instructions on how to prepare for it: Print out a copy of a blank map of Africa showing national borders. Make several photocopies of the map so you can practice. Using the maps in your books and in the University library, locate each of the items on the following list In the past, my map tests have had questions like the following:

63. West Africa: Time To Abolish The Death Penalty - Amnesty International At independence, cape verde did not include the death penalty in its criminallegislation. history of the death penalty prior to its abolition http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR050032003?open&of=ENG-CPV

64. Yale History Graduate Students African History Students of African history at Yale follow in the footsteps of many great Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon cape verde Central African http://www.yale.edu/history/gradstudents/africa.html

African History Graduate Students Students of African history at Yale follow in the footsteps of many great scholars, including alumni who now teach at Princeton, NYU, UCLA, LSU, Boston, Virginia, George Mason, and Colgate, to list but a few. Yale students carry on a tradition of fine scholarship based on extensive research, rigorous African language training, and exhaustive exposure to the field of African historiography. The Africanist community at Yale spans all disciplines. Within the department of history, students typically work with Robert Harms Lamin Sanneh , and Michael Mahoney , though they are free to explore their intellectual endeavors in a wide range of fields. Ruramisai Charumbira My dissertation project compares and contrasts the lives of two women in the history of present-day Zimbabwe. One is a mere footnote in history texts and public memory while the other is a larger than life figure. The current title of my dissertation is Forgetting Lives, Remembering Symbols: Women in the History of Zimbabwe Thomas (Dodie) McDow My research focuses on Omani migrants to east Africa in the nineteenth century, specifically commerce and kinship that linked the interior of eastern and central Africa with the port cities and date-farm hinterlands of the Arabian peninsula through the Indian Ocean and the Arab state in Zanzibar. These interests grew out of several years living and working in east Africa. Linguistically, I focused on Bantu languages as an undergraduate at Yale, and my fascination with Swahili led me to Arabic, and Arabic has granted me new insights on documents in east African archives. In connecting the worlds of Arab migrants in east Africa in the nineteenth century, I have moved through the contemporary networks that connect eastern Africa and the Arabian peninsula to carry out research in Tanzania, Burundi, and Oman, in addition to visiting archives in the United Kingdom and Portugal. I work with Robert Harms, Michael Mahoney, Abbas Amanat, and James Scott.

65. Newly-Added Links, 06/98 cape verde World Wide Web LINKS. Extensive reources on cape verde. africa TELECOM98 was the fourth regional telecommunications Exhibition and Forum for http://www.africa.upenn.edu/About_African/newlinks_698.html

Newly-Added Links, 06/98 African Studies Institute of African Linguistics The Institute of African Linguistics is part of the Faculty "Ost- und Au§ereuropSische Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften" of the Goethe-UniversitSt Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Arts Images of Masks: Africa Masks from different African ethnic groups. Magical Faces of Africa This exhibit of African masks is organized by the Musee Dapper in Paris, France. Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou Created in 1969, the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) has evolved into an internationally recognized and respected event. FESPACO became an institution on January 7th 1972 by decree in Burkina Faso, because of the enthusiasm and the hope it created among the public and filmmakers in Africa. It is biennial; starting on the last Saturday in February every odd year. Country-Specific Angola: Angola Resources about Angola, in Portuguese. Algeria: INCORE: Algeria Burkina Faso: Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou Created in 1969, the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) has evolved into an internationally recognized and respected event. FESPACO became an institution on January 7th 1972 by decree in Burkina Faso, because of the enthusiasm and the hope it created among the public and filmmakers in Africa. It is biennial; starting on the last Saturday in February every odd year. Cameroon: Camnet: Cameroun ISP Camnet is the internet service provider in Cameroun. The site also provides information on Camerounian culture, tourism, etc..

66. TRAVEL.com ® ... Regional:Africa:Cape Verde Top regional africa cape verde CIA Factbook cape verde -odci.gov/cia/publications/fac Features map and brief descriptions of geography, http://www.travel.com/Regional/Africa/Cape_Verde/

Welcome to... Flights Hotels Condos Cars ... Shopping Mall Search More Hotel Deals! Lodging.com Venere.com Special Deals Rentals Hotel Sampler Africa Asia Caribbean Central America ... South America Travel Tools Advisories (USA Gov't) ATM Locator Currencies Converter Driving Directions ... wx.travel.com - Sampler Our International Sites .au English AUD .ca English CAD .de Deutsch EUR .fr Français EUR .it Italiano EUR .mx Español USD .nl Nederland EUR .nz English NZD .sg English USD .uk English GBP .us English USD All Countries Regions USA USA Cities ... South America Share Your Travel Knowledge or Ask a Question in our Forums. Write a review of a hotel, restaurant, or local places of interest. Give your suggestions on what to see or do at places you have visited or in your local area. Top Regional Africa Cape Verde Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Government Guides and Directories ... Travel and Tourism Results 1 - 4 of at least 4 BBC Country Profile: Cape news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/ Overview, key facts and events, timeline, media links. CIA Factbook - Cape Verde odci.gov/cia/publications/fac Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people.

67. UN Chronicle: An Insight Into Africa's Threatened Sea Turtles africa / Natural history. Find featured articles in these publications On cape verde s Boa Vista and Sal islands, a significant reproductive stock of http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1309/is_1_39/ai_87706542

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles UN Chronicle March-May 2002 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Sea turtles / Protection Wildlife conservation / Management Game-laws / Africa Africa / Natural history Featured Titles for Advocate, The Air Force Journal of Logistics Air Force Law Review Air Force Speeches ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports An insight into Africa's threatened sea turtles UN Chronicle March-May, 2002 Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Urgent international efforts are needed to conserve West Africa's sea turtles, with studies showing that the region holds some of the world's most important feeding and nesting sites, many of them under threat. The call is being made by the Secretariat for the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), which has commissioned the first-ever comprehensive report on sea turtles on the Atlantic coast of Africa. The international treaty body, linked to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), is charged with conserving the vast array of migratory animals. Klaus Toepfer, Executive Director of UNEP, says: "The report's findings should spur us all to redouble efforts to protect sea turtles on Africa's Atlantic coast. In the Western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, populations of sea turtles have been falling dramatically in recent years. This makes these findings in Western Africa doubly significant, given its now undoubted status as a globally important region for sea turtle species."

68. Burkina Foso, Africa - Books, Maps And Atlases For Sale This guide covers travel in Benin, Burkina Faso, cape verde, Introduces therecent history and current economic and political status of the landlocked http://www.africaguide.com/country/bfasso/books.htm

HOME CONTACT US LINK TO US NEWS LETTER ... CHARITIES Jump to a Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Dem.Rep. Congo (Zaire) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Burkina Faso INTRODUCTION VISITOR INFORMATION ACCOMMODATION TOURS AND SAFARIS BOOKS AND MAPS FAVOURITE LINKS All the books recommended below are available from one of our Affiliate companies and when selected, the link will take you directly to the relevant page on our Affiliates' website where you will find prices and ordering details. A new browser window will fire up so you can return to this page at any time. I have personally used our Affiliate Companies for ordering my own books and maps and found their service to be first class, fast and reliable, and all the books I have received have arrived in good condition. However, please read our

69. History And Hunger In West Africa — Greenwood Publishing Group Food Production and Entitlement in GuineaBissau and cape verde africa isthe only region in the world where per capita food production is actually http://www.greenwood.com/books/bookdetail.asp?sku=BHB/

70. OECD Observer: Africa But although africa has a long track record in regional integration initiatives, cape verde, Chad, the Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/categoryfront.php/id/62/Africa.html

September 19, 2005 All Articles HOME Front page Leaders Databank News ... Frankie.org SECTIONS Economy - General - Business - Country snapshots ... - Other THEMES Social policy spotlight Ageing Biotechnology Competition ... 2003 Employment Ministerial Spotlight COUNTRIES OECD - All countries - Australia - Austria ... World WRITERS Donald J. Johnston Back issues Recent articles Browse articles by date SUBSCRIBE About us ... Link up Africa’s economy: Aid and growth Published: July 2005 The recent history of the world’s second largest continent has been plagued by internal conflict, famine and disease. But recent economic prospects for Africa are looking more favourable than they have for a number of years. (1706 words) More . . .  Oiling development Published: July 2005 Another resource which Africa is perhaps less noted for is oil. And it could become a serious source of finance for development in certain countries. (405 words) More . . .  Africa: Farming sense By Christie Peacock Chief Executive of FARM-Africa* Published: July 2005 Investing in African agriculture would help poor people to help themselves. (1032 words) More . . .Â

71. History Of GUINEA-BISSAU ê Cabo verde (African Party for the Independence of GuineaBissau and capeverde) is Portuguese Guinea and the cape verde islands become separately http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad46

72. Cape Verde (09/05) Political parties African Party for the Independence of cape verde (PAICV); cape verde has a rich tradition of Crioulo literature and music. history http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2835.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of African Affairs September 2005 Background Note: Cape Verde PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Cape Verde Geography Area: 4,033 sq. km. (1,557 sq. mi.), slightly larger than Rhode Island. Cities: Capital Praia (pop. 106,052). Other city Mindelo (pop. 67,844). Terrain: Rugged volcanic islands. Climate: Dry, temperate. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Cape Verdean(s). Population (2004): 472,000. Annual growth rate (2001): 2.9%. Ethnic groups: Creole (mixed African and Portuguese), African, European. Religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant. Languages: Portuguese (official); Crioulo (national). Education: Literacy Health: Infant mortality rate Life expectancy (2004)70 yrs. Government Type: Republic. Independence: July 5, 1975. Constitution: 1982; revised 1992, 1995, and 1999. Branches: Executive president (head of state), prime minister (head of government), Council of Ministers. Legislative National Assembly. Judicial Supreme Court, lower courts.

73. WHKMLA : History Of Cabo Verde, ToC cape verde history and Culture, from cape verde Home Page history of cape verde,from World Rover cape verde Page, from African Studies at UPenn http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/westafrica/xcverde.html

Senegal Guinea Bissau First posted in April 2002, last revised on June 30th 2005 Cape Verde 1456-1879 Cape Verde 1879-1918 Cape Verde 1919-1939 Cape Verde 1939-1974 ... Cape Verde since Independence Timeline : CapeVerde EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook : Cape Verde ; BBC Country Profile : Cape Verde Timeline Cape Verde, from BBC News ; by Raymond A. Almeida Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Cape Verde, from Kirken i Norge Cape Verde - History and Culture, from Cape Verde Home Page History of Cape Verde, from World Rover Cape Verde Page, from African Studies at UPenn Political Resources on the Net : Cape Verde For the Record : Cape Verde , from UN Human Rights System Languages of Cabo Verde (2), from Ethnologue Article Sao Thiago de Cabo Verde, from Catholic Encyclopedia , 1912 edition; Article Cape Verde Islands, from EB 1911 Global Currency History : Cape Verde ; Tables of Modern Monetary History : Africa, from www.dollarization.org , scroll down for Cape Verde Country Profile : Cape Verde, from ISS Richard Lobban, Jews in Cape Verde and and on the Guinea Coast, posted by Saudades DOCUMENTS Flag, from

74. Afrol Cape Verde Index Page: Links To Cape Verde The Index on africa cape verde page includes various links. In its pagesabout cape verde you ll find data about region and towns, accommodation, http://www.afrol.com/Index/countries/capeverdeindex.htm

The Cape Verde Index Page Welcome to our guide to links about Cape Verde in the www. On the left, an updated list of contents. For those wanting to read some general information, statistics, etc. about Cape Verde, see our Background Page or go to general information in the link list. If you are looking for first hand information of high scientific value about Cape Verde, have a look at our Cape Verde Searches - the direct access to the databases of several UN-organizations and others. It's right below Index Pages to other African Countries There are index pages to all African countries here on afrol.com. They are all built in the same structure, so that you can find what you are looking for as easily as possible. To find other countries, pass by our Countries Index Page or "jump" directly from the menu below: Countries Page Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Brazzaville Congo Kinshasa (DRC) Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The

75. West African Independence A joint struggle for the liberation of cape verde and the mainland colony ofPortuguese African history 16 June Soweto Uprising The Afrikaans Medi. http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/bl-Independence-WA1.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help African History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the African History newsletter! See Online Courses Search African History West African Independence A chronology of colonization and independence. [Gazetteer Index page] Benin Official name: Republic of Benin Independence from France: 1960 In 1625 indigenous slave traders, known as the Fon, founded the kingdom of Dahomey. They subsequently conquered the neighboring kingdoms of Dan and Allada and extended their kingdom to the coast near Porto Novo. A trading post was set up in 1857 by the French at Grand-Popo. The Dahomey King, Behanzin, was defeated by the French when conflict broke out following dispute by the French against continued Dahomey slavery. In 1892 Dahomey became a French protectorate and was absorbed into French West Africa in 1904. Independence from the French was gained in 1960 and the country was renamed Benin in 1975. Burkina Also known as Burkina Faso Independence from France: 1960 From the 16th to the early 19th century this was the kingdom of Ouagadougo, one of the Mossi empire. In the early 19th century the Mossi empire broke down and was subject to almost uninterrupted war for 50 years prior to the arrival of the French. At the end of the 19th century the great Dyula warlord, Samori Ture, was expelled by the French and it became part of French West Africa. Independence from the French was achieved in 1960 and the country was named Upper Volta. The country was renamed Burkina in 1984.

76. This Week In African History: 2 - 8 July Key events from the 20th century in African history. 5, 1975, cape verdegains independence from Portugal (formally known as Cabo verde). http://africanhistory.about.com/library/thisweek/bl-tw07-1.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help African History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the African History newsletter! See Online Courses Search African History This week in African history Key events from the 20th century. Week starting Saturday 2 July Date Year Event World War II: North Africa British Commander-in-Chief (Middle East) Claude Auchinleck, acting on information obtained by Ultra, sends troops south to outflank General Erwin Rommel's PanzerArmee Afrika but hits them head-on instead. The ensuing tank battle last well into the night with Rommel's limited forces holding off the British through the use of 8.8cm FlaK 36 Guns used as anti-tank artillery. Egyptian and Israeli forces clash across the Suez Canal. For more on 2 July World War II: North Africa General Erwin Rommel's PanzerArmee Afrika attack Ruweisat Ridge after an advance of nine miles. However he recognizes that he is now over-extended and orders his forces to defend their current positions against expected British attacks. Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria achieves independence from France. Abderrahmane Farès is appointed as President of the Provisional Executive.

77. Foreign Governments/Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon cape verde Congo Rep . Extensive annotated guide to individual African countries and the region http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/forafr.html

FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS Sub-Saharan Africa Frames Index No-Frames Version Angola Benin ... Related Regional Web Sites Last updated on March 17, 2005 Angola Angola Website Maintained by the Embassy of the Republic of Angola, Washington, DC Angolan culture, business, news; relief efforts to aid the country Under Government: structure of the government, profile of the President, and election statistics Under Reference: directory of key officials, constitution, news releases and speeches Constitution Text of 1992 constitution in English Parliament Searchable text in Portuguese Selected Recent Legislation Military and economic laws in English Benin Benin Government Portal Official government website in English and French Brief history and politics of country Basic population and economic statistics Constitution in French Describes structure of government Government documents AFRIKINFO.COM In French Constitution of Benin Directories of government institutions and officials Links to sites with general and political information about Africa Botswana Republic of Botswana Extensive description of government offices and their e-mail addresses linked through an organization chart Economic development and travel information President Executive branch of government Parliament Legislative branch of government Burkina Faso President Executive branch of government Searchable text in French Constitution Text of 1991 constitution in French Embassy to Canada Brief history and description of country Economic laws and policy Directory of government officials and membership in international organizations

78. Encyclopedia Of African History and the surrounding islands from cape verde in the west to Madagascar, The Encyclopedia of African history is an easily accessible resource that http://www.routledge-ny.com/africanhist/

Kevin Shillington, Editor About the Editor Publication Details/Order Online Covering the entire continent from Morocco, Libya, and Egypt in the north to the Cape of Good Hope in the south, and the surrounding islands from Cape Verde in the west to Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles in the east, the Encyclopedia of African History is a new A-Z reference resource on the history of the entire African continent. With entries ranging from the earliest evolution of human beings in Africa to the beginning of the twenty-first century, this comprehensive three volume Encyclopedia is the first reference of this scale and scope since the publication of the UNESCO General History of Africa (8 volumes) in the 1980s to the early 1990s. In nearly 1,100 entries, the Encyclopedia not only examines the well-established topics in African history but also looks at the social, economic, linguistic, anthropological, and political subjects that are being re-evaluated or newly opened for historical analysis by recent research and publication. All entries are at least 1,000 words in length and range from factual narrative entries to thematic and analytical discussions, and combinations of all these. Longer entries range from 3,000 to 5,000 words in length and analyze broader topics such as regional general surveys and wide historical themes including the African Diaspora and Africa in World History.

79. Cape Verde News Sites News and analyses about cape verde from panAfrican independent news agency. economic and political affairs in cape verde by UN Integrated regional http://www.world-newspapers.com/capeverde.html

Cape Verde News Sites in English Search this site Search news source by country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chechnya Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Congo Dem. Rep. Cook Islands Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kashmyr Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New-Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea Northern Ireland Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Salvador Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Scotland Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland

80. JEWS IN CAPE VERDE AND ON THE GUINEA COAST By Dr. Richard Lobban Thus from the very beginning of its history cape verde, and its diverse Clearly the Jewish and African slaver trader alliance was already of very great http://www.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/jewslobban.html

JEWS IN CAPE VERDE AND ON THE GUINEA COAST by Dr. Richard Lobban Paper presented at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth 11 February 1996 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND IN PORTUGAL In Iberia the Reconquista movement was growing in its mission to recover their lands from the Muslim Moors who had first arrived in the 8th century. Jews may have first arrived far earlier during the time of the Phonecians and Roman. Nevertheless, Maghrebi Jews were key allies of the Moors and centuries-long residents of Iberia. Probably as early as 1480 one may find the beginnings of the Spanish Inquistion and expulsion of Jews. It was however in 1492 the the Spanish Inquisition emerged in its fullest expression of intolerance, anti-Semitism. This social pathology quickly spread to neighboring Portugal where Portuguese Kings Joao II and especially Manuel I in 1496, determined to exile thousands of Jews to Sao Tome, Principe, and Cape Verde. The numbers expelled at this time were so great that the term Portuguese" almost implied those of Jewish origin. Those who were not expelled were converted by force or were even executed. Despite the important role of Portuguese Jews in commerce, navigational sciences, and in the cartography of Africa, they faced riots, pogroms, and profound oppression during the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions when they became termed Narannos (Moorish Jews) or Judeus Segredos (Secret Jews). This led to forced conversions and to Jews becoming known as Novos Cristaos (New Christians). It was not until 1768 that Portugal officially abolished the distinction between "Old" and "New" (i.e. Jewish) Christians.

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