61. Confederation And Canada's Government (and How It Works) before 1982 canada Day had been known as Dominion Day, First of July or confederation canada s 33 Fathers of confederation adopted a federal form of http://www.members.shaw.ca/kcic1/cangovt.html

Information about Canada PRESENTS Confederation and Canada's Government CONFEDERATION OF CANADA Canada became The Dominion of Canada on July 1st, 1867. Each year July 1st is a national holiday called Canada Day . Before 1982 Canada Day had been known as Dominion Day, First of July or Confederation Day. Canada Day celebrates the events that occurred on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act created the Canadian federal government. The BNA Act proclaimed "one Dominion under the name of Canada," hence the original title of the holiday, "Dominion Day." Dominion Day was officially renamed "Canada Day" by an Act of Parliament on October 27, 1982. This change reflected the policy of successive governments to downplay Canada's colonial origins. Canada's national celebration is always observed on July 1, unless that date falls on a Sunday, in which case it is observed the following day. The Capital of Canada is Ottawa, Ontario . It was named as the national capital on December 31, 1857 by Queen Victoria. PROCLAMATIONS, ACTS, STATUTES and ORDERS IN COUNCIL

62. Municipality Of Noyan's History The desk of the Noyan Post Office dating back to before confederation has returned. which stands for canada East and dates before confederation. http://www.ville.noyan.qc.ca/english/history.htm

The coat of arms of Noyan The coat of arms of Noyan are very descriptive. A wheat sheaf in the middle of the shield represents the agricultural sector. A coniferous tree in the upper right corner represents the abundant forest and the science of ecology. An anchor in the lower left corner represents the Richelieu River and also leisure activities. The name of the municipality is written in full above the three items that are shaped in such a way that one can read the letter "N" as in Noyan. Everything is in perfect harmony. Remember Point A monument to the memory of Captain Remember Baker This monument was erected to commemorate the death of Captain Remember Baker, a Vermont pioneer and a leader of the Green Mountain Boys, who was killed nearby while on a scouting expedition in August, 1775. He was the first american killed in Canada in the American Independance war. According to Ira Allen, who lived at the same time as Captain Baker "His death made more noise in the country than the loss of a thousand men towards the end of the american war. This monument was erected by the Vermont Society Sons of the American Revolution, through courtesy of the Canada historic sites and monument board, presenttly known as Parcs Canada.

63. Publications And Research - Research - A History Of The Canadian Dollar - Bank O confederation on 1 July 1867 brought sweeping changes to banking and It would be almost 12 years before canada reintroduced a fixed exchange rate and http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/dollar_book/full_text-e.html

@import url(/css/base.css); @import url(/css/nav.css); @import url(/css/typography.css); @import url(/css/navtop.css); @import url(/css/print.css); Bank of Canada R Printer-friendly Email Alerts Glossary ... Bibliography Bank of Canada October 1999 Publications and Research Research A History of the Canadian Dollar The Early Years (pre-1841) The story of the Canadian dollar begins in the currency chaos of the early French and British colonial period in North America. In an effort to attract fresh supplies, French and British colonial authorities typically gave higher values to coins circulating in their jurisdiction than to the same coins circulating in England and France. For example, in New France, coins under the monnoye du pays system during the late seventeenth century were given a value one-third higher than monnoye de france. Similarly, British colonies in North America valued the silver Spanish dollar at rates of up to 8 shillings, despite the passage of legislation by the British government (Act for Ascertaining the Rates of Foreign Coins in Her Majesty's Plantations in America) in 1707 that valued the coin at 4 shillings and 6 pence. The chronic coin shortage also encouraged the introduction of paper money. The most famous issue is undoubtedly the card money of New France. Introduced in 1685, card money initially consisted of playing cards cut to different sizes according to denomination and signed by colonial officials. Despite the protests of authorities in Paris, who objected to the loss of budgetary control, there were several issues of card money before it was withdrawn from circulation in 1719. Card money reappeared in 1729, however, and remained readily accepted until rising inflation, associated with the financing of the Seven Years' War during the 1750s, undermined confidence in its value.

64. Papers&Presentations and Settlement before confederation , Atlantic canada Studies Conference, Gerriets, Marilyn, Agriculture and Development before confederation , http://www.stfx.ca/institutes/crs/Paper_Presentations.htm

Papers and Presentations Books Published: The Savage Years: The Perils of Reinventing Government in Nova Scotia . Peter Clancy, James Bickerton, Rodney Haddow and Ian Stewart, Formac Publishing Company Limited, 2000. Japanese and Atlantic Canadian Fisheries Social Research: An International Working Seminar , Proceedings edited by Anthony Davis and Clare Fawcett, St. John’s: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1996. See attached table of contents Down East: Critical Essay on Contemporary Maritime Canadian Literature . Edited by Wolfgang Hochbruck and James O. Taylor. (Wissenschaftlicher: Verlag Trier, 1996). See attached table of contents. Reflects collaboration between Wolfgang Hochbruck of the University of Stuttgart and James Taylor of St. F.X. University Phyne, John. Disputed Waters: Rural Social Change and Conflicts Over the Irish Salmon Farming Industry, 1987-1995 . Aldershot: Ashgate Publications, forthcoming, 1999. Articles published: Bantjes, Rod and Tanya Trussler. ‘Feminism and the Grass-Roots: Women and Environmentalism in Nova Scotia, 1980-83.’

65. Canada In The Making - Specific Events & Topics Common law in canada before 1867; Other Influences on Canadian Common law New Brunswick and Nova Scotia all followed Common law before confederation. http://www.canadiana.org/citm/specifique/lois_e.html

PDF Version Word Version Rich Text Format Text Format Common Law and Civil Law Canada has inherited two systems of law: civil law from the French and Common law from the English. This page will describe and give the history of each system as it relates to Canada British Common law Definition Early History of Common law Common law in Canada Before 1867 ... Bibliography Related topics: The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The Written and Unwritten Constitution Representative Government Responsible Government ... Canada's Constitutional History British Common law Definition British Common law, also called traditional law, is law that has evolved from decisions of English courts going back to the Norman Conquest in 1066. These earlier decisions set "precedents," which are used in future cases of a similar nature. Precedents can be overruled by new laws, or statutes, passed by the appropriate government. The Early History of Common law Canadian Common law started in England, and until 1849, decisions and developments in English law were incorporated into Canadian Common law. Other legislative documents and decrees also have an effect, going as far back as 800 years. As time passes and new laws are enacted, though, this influence decreases. Some examples:

66. Canada@Everything2.com As mentioned before, the executive branch is technically the Governor The first military action that Canadian soldiers saw after confederation was some http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Canada

67. First Confederation Talks Of Newfoundland With Canada First confederation Talks of Newfoundland With canada. (18641869) was taken by the Newfoundland Government before confederation became effective. http://www2.marianopolis.edu/nfldhistory/FirstConfederationTalksofNewfoundlandWi

document.write('') Newfoundland History Home Search this site Essay Guide Civilisation Occidentale Newfoundland History First Confederation Talks of Newfoundland With Canada in this page When the question of federation of the British North American colonies was first raised in 1858, Newfoundland showed some interest. Newfoundland was not invited to the Charlottetown Conference in 1864, which, while originally called to discuss only a union of the three Maritime Provinces, later developed into a conference of all the mainland colonies. At the Quebec Conference later in the same year, called to discuss the larger union of all the colonies, Newfoundland was represented by a bi-party delegation consisting of F. B. T. Carter and Ambrose Shea . [See the Speeches by Carter and Shea ; consult the biographies of Shea and Carter at the DCB] The delegation had no power to commit the Newfoundland Government but both Carter and Shea became enthusiastic supporters of union and after the Conference spoke publicly in favour of it on a lecture tour of the cities on the mainland. [See the Report of the Newfoundland Delegation to the Quebec Conference.]

68. Discover Canada's Geoscience Heritage - Homepage Discovering canada s Geoscience Heritage. Since its foundation in 1842, Even before confederation, the geologists set out to explore this vast continent http://collections.ic.gc.ca/geoscience/homepage_e.html

Since its foundation in 1842, the Geological Survey of Canada has been entrusted with acquiring, interpreting and making available information about the geology of the Canadian landmass. Even before confederation, the geologists set out to explore this vast continent and, as men of science, reported not only on geology, but also on the geography, flora, fauna and the inhabitants of the land. This spirit of scientific enquiry continues to this day in the current exploration, surveying and mapping and research activities which contribute to the prosperity of all Canadians. Capture the spirit of adventure and travel back with us through text and images to discover the rich scientific heritage of our nation. Some of the text presented within this site is based on outdated stereotypical beliefs and terminology which are invalid and are considered unacceptable by Natural Resources Canada. It is the intent of the Geoscience Heritage web development team to present a historically accurate example of the history of the development and practices of geoscience through the material available. The content of this site is largely composed of original text written by the Geological Survey officers at that time, consisting of content from 1861 to present. Home No Stone Unturned Encounters Founders of Canadian Geology ... Feedback

69. READ Magazine - Canada House, Rideau Hall And The Invention Of A Canadian Home Rideau Hall represents the continuity of the Canadian experience. the nature of canada have been going on at Rideau Hall since before confederation. http://www.randomhouse.ca/readmag/volume5issue1/excerpts/canadashouse.htm

EXCERPT Canada's House by Margaret MacMillan, Marjorie Harris and Anne L. Desjardins In conversation with Adrienne Clarkson and John Ralston Saul Buy Online A Canadian House. Rideau Hall is a piece of our picture of ourselves. It has grown to maturity along with the country. I like to think of the house as a physical manifestation of the office. Rideau Hall represents the continuity of the Canadian experience. Conversations about the nature of Canada have been going on at Rideau Hall since before Confederation. Garden Messages Her Excellency, the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada Photo: Rob Fiocca Our eastern woodlands are full of wild ginger, a wonderful root vegetable. The wild ginger harvest begins even before the snow has melted because it comes up underneath the snow — early proof that spring is coming. You can easily grow it in your backyard, and it’s now one of the underplantings in Rideau Hall’s woodland garden. The chefs use it in a variety of desserts, including a wild-ginger chocolate recipe, this crème brûlée, and too many savoury dishes to name. Whenever someone dining at Rideau Hall remarks on any one of these delicious desserts or dishes, the chefs will always credit the Canadian ginger. Suggested wine: Inniskillin Riesling Icewine

70. Books At Random House Of Canada | Canada's House By Margaret MacMillan, Marjorie Opening wide the doors, canada’s House reveals how Rideau Hall has public life since before confederation — through the people who have given it life. http://www.randomhouse.ca/catalog/display.pperl?0676976751

71. For Teachers - CBC Archives Newfoundland Joins canada Activity Overview Subjects Business Studies History Has confederation Been Good for Newfoundland? 1. before Exploring http://archives.cbc.ca/294p.asp?ActProf=368&IDLan=1&Nav=AvPr

72. McClung's 'mock Parliament' - Voting In Canada: How A Privilege Became A Right - In preconfederation canada, voting was considered a privilege, not a right. before confederation (1867), the exclusion of women from the vote was a http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-1450-9553/politics_economy/voting_rights/clip1

document.write(""); document.write(""); Search the Archives site Advanced Search Home Politics and Economy Voting in Canada: How a Privilege Became a Right McClung's 'mock parliament' Click to Activate Topic Timeline Broadcast Dec. 9, 1974 McClung's 'mock parliament' Return to: Voting in Canada: How a Privilege Became a Right Next clip 8 Additional Clips about Voting in Canada: How a Privilege Became a Right LINKS Topic from Les Archives de Radio-Canada on the same subject Le vote au Canada, droit ou privilège? Related Topics from CBC's Archives Campaigning for Canada Canadian Culture Online Program partner sites A History of the vote in Canada External sites Elections Canada Human Rights in Canada: History of Voting Rights The CBC assumes no responsibility for the content of external links. Privacy "It was uproariously funny," says Manitoban Beatrice Brigden, recalling Nellie McClung's famous 'mock parliament' of 1914. McClung was an instrumental figure in the fight for women's votes in Canada. In her groundbreaking mock parliament speech, McClung portrayed a world in which gender roles were reversed. She speculated on all the horrible things that would happen if men were to get the vote. In this 1974 CBC Television clip, Brigden remembers McClung's important performance. Did You Know?

73. Aboriginal Rights: The Issues: BC Treaty Commission before canada was a country Britain recognized that aboriginal people living When BC joined confederation in 1871, only 14 treaties on Vancouver Island http://www.bctreaty.net/files_3/issues_rights.html

BC TREATY COMMISSION Suite 203 1155 West Pender Street Vancouver, B.C. (604) 482-9200 phone (604) 482-9222 fax Brian Mitchell Communications Manager info@bctreaty.net TOLL FREE 1 800 665 8330 Receive regular email notices from the BC Treaty Commission. First Name Last Name E-mail Address Subscribe Unsubscribe Aboriginal Rights Page Menu Overview Certainty Aboriginal Rights and the Referendum Landmark Court Cases ... International Treaty Law and Self Determination Overview Before Canada was a country Britain recognized that aboriginal people living here had title to land: the Royal Proclamation of 1763 declared that only the British Crown could acquire land from First Nations, and that was typically done through treaties. In most parts of Canada, the British Crown established treaties with First Nations before Confederation. The new Dominion of Canada continued this policy of making treaties before the west was opened for settlement, but in BC, this process was never completed. When BC joined Confederation in 1871, only 14 treaties on Vancouver Island had been signed, and aboriginal title to the rest of the province was left unresolved. It wasn't until 1970 that Canada's aboriginal peoples were able to pursue aboriginal rights in the Supreme Court of Canada. With the exception of

74. GovTeen Forums - Newfoundland Before Confederation? GovTeen Forums Countries and Cultures canada Newfoundland before confederation? PDA. View Full Version Newfoundland before confederation? http://forums.govteen.com/archive/index.php/t-26777.html

GovTeen Forums Countries and Cultures Canada PDA View Full Version : Newfoundland Before Confederation? cmaracz May-11-2003, 05:44 PM Newfoundland and Labradour only joined the confederation about fifty years ago. What was it before that time? It's own country? Part of the commonwealth. I'd really like to know. Thorondor May-11-2003, 11:35 PM Yeah, I believe that they were just British colonies still. May-14-2003, 03:58 PM We were our own country. bsteeper May-15-2003, 08:38 PM a country, had there own stamps, coins and everthing, they were part of the common wealth, much like Canada, the Queen is the head of government but didn't realy have power (though it was a king then, same idea) CanadianTory Aug-24-2003, 02:02 PM Originally posted by bsteeper a country, had there own stamps, coins and everthing, they were part of the common wealth, much like Canada, the Queen is the head of government but didn't realy have power (though it was a king then, same idea) Well, true...Except for the queen, if she wanted, could still give royal ascent to bills. The governor general does it for her because she lives in the U.K. so no point sending all the bills there. ourmodernred Aug-24-2003, 04:04 PM

75. Canadian Genealogy And History Links - Ontario Upper canada Mailing List A mailing list for discussion of genealogy and history of Upper canada (present day Ontario) before confederation (1867). http://www.islandnet.com/~jveinot/cghl/ontario.html

Canadian Genealogy and History Links Ontario Entries preceded by a indicate it is a new entry or the URL has changed or been updated within the last 14 days. Personal Ontario Pages Ontario Archives - Libraries - Museums Adolphustown Loyalist Cultural Centre Museum and Genealogical Library. Alphabetical listing of surnames in The Family Files of the Loyalist Cultural Centre. ARCHEION, Ontario's Archival Information Network A research tool providing access to over 4000 descriptions of archival records held by over 40 archives in Ontario, members of the Archives Association of Ontario. Archives of Ontario Amazing facts and figures, Genealogy research at the Archives of Ontario, Aboriginal peoples in the archives. Collections include town and township records, business documents, museum material, genealogical collections, photographs and maps. A Black Historical Site, formerly named the Raleigh Township Centennial Museum, located in the village of North Buxton, Ontario. Original site of the Elgin Settlement, which was for many, the last stop on the underground railroad. The Museum features a collection of artifacts and archives ranging from a vast tool collection to local photographs.

76. USQUE AD MARE - A History Of The Canadian Coast Guard And Marine Services The harsh climate of canada, and the rough comradeship of the pioneer, Even before confederation there had been an effective effort to provide for sick http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/usque-ad-mare/chapter03-02_e.htm

Canadian Coast Guard Table of Contents USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine Services by Thomas E. Appleton Marine and Fisheries The first Minister of Marine and Fisheries was the Hon. Peter Mitchell. In taking up his wide and all-embracing office in the care of matters maritime, the like of which was new to North America, the new minister was well qualified by business and political experience. A man of property, but thoroughly practical, with a sound background of law, lumbering and shipbuilding before entering politics, he became Premier of New Brunswick when his Province came to Confederation in the Session of 1866-7. Although his department had commenced activity on July 1, 1867, the Act formally authorizing legal entity remained to be passed in the first session of the Dominion Parliament, receiving assent on May 22, 1868. The City of Ottawa, not long emerged from the roistering lumber centre of Bytown, which had seen the building of the Rideau canal under a distinguished military engineer Lieutenant Colonel By, had already taken on the familiar skyline of pointed gothic architecture, newly erected in Nepean stone, which was to form the background of government activity to the present day. In those days the Centre Block, or Parliament Building which was burned out in 1916 and the East and West Blocks, then termed the Departmental Buildings, were thought to be more than sufficient to house the offices of legislature and the civil service for many years to come. In fact, it is doubtful if this state of affairs existed for long, if at all, for it was nearly a year before the Department of Marine and Fisheries could move into the West Block, in space vacated by the Department of Crown Lands, which had been transferred elsewhere.

77. Provinces And Territories Of Canada -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies before joining canada. Ontario and Quebec were united before confederation as the (Click link for more http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/p/pr/provinces_and_territories_of_

Provinces and territories of Canada [Categories: Canadian provinces and territories, Lists of subnational entities, Canadian history] (A nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada) Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a Canadian territory is that a province is a creation of the (Click link for more info and facts about Constitution Act) Constitution Act , while a territory is created by federal law. Thus, the federal government has more direct control over the territories, while provincial governments have many more competences and rights. Provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, having a large measure of control over spending on social programs such as (Health care for the aged; a federally administered system of health insurance available to persons aged 65 and over) medicare (The activities of educating or instructing or teaching; activities that impart knowledge or skill) education (Governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need) welfare , and the like. They receive "transfer payments" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own

78. Sources Of Canadian Law Quebec s Civil Code was first enacted in 1866, just before confederation (as the Civil Code of Lower canada), and periodically amended over the years. http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/dept/pub/just/CSJ_page7.html

SOURCES OF CANADIAN LAW The common law, which developed in Great Britain after the Norman Conquest, was based on the decisions of judges in the royal courts. It is called judge-made law because it is a system of rules based on "precedent". Whenever a judge makes a decision that is to be legally enforced, this decision becomes a precedent: a rule that will guide judges in making subsequent decisions in similar cases. The common law is unique in the world because it cannot be found in any "code" or "legislation"; it exists only in past decisions. However, this also makes it flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances. The tradition of civil law is quite different. It is based on Roman law, which was consolidated by the Roman Emperor Justinian. The law in ancient Rome was scattered about in many places: in books, in statutes, in proclamations. Justinian ordered his legal experts to put all the law into a single book to avoid confusion. Ever since, the civil law has been associated with a "civil code", containing almost all private law. Quebec's Civil Code was first enacted in 1866, just before Confederation (as the Civil Code of Lower Canada ), and periodically amended over the years. The reformed

79. Ministerial Statement - 50th Anniversary Of Confederation With Canada confederation with canada indeed brought massive and positive change. before confederation, Newfoundland and Labrador stood alone. http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/1999/exec/0331n02.htm

March 31, 1999 (Executive Council) The following statement was issued today by Premier Brian Tobin. It was also read in the House of Assembly: Fifty years ago, at 11:59 on March 31, 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador became Canada's 10th province. The destinies of Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador had long been linked before our official joining through Confederation. Aboriginal people had left their footprints across the great expanses of the northern half of the continent. Migrants had braved ferocious seas to cross the Atlantic and wrest a living from the wilderness. Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador fought together on the battlefields of Europe, and forged even stronger ties through the defence of the North Atlantic in World War II. In 1949, we were not strangers. Newfoundland and Labrador and Canada were friends and allies. Through the exercise of democratic rights and the negotiations of two equal nations, both Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador agreed that, together, we could build a better country and a better future for all our people. Fifty years ago, on March 31, 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador entered Confederation as a full and equal partner with the other provinces. In the words of the Newfoundland novelist Margaret Duley, "Everywhere it was change, startling change. Newfoundland would never be the same again."

80. Pre-confederation: New & Used Books Category Search Result For Pre-confederation Peoples of canada A Preconfederation History, 2nd Edition By JM Bumsted List Price $8.50 / Similar to History of canada before 1867 http://www.fetchbook.info/fwd_topics/id_230359.html

Bookmark Recommend Us Enhance Your Site Browse Books ... Forums New! Help Keyword Title Author ISBN Welcome Guest [Sign In] Searched in books for Pre-confederation More than titles matched your search. Search took seconds. All Categories History Canada Pre-confederation Canadian Invasion, 1775-1776 Add Review Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History, 2nd Edition By J.M. Bumsted Paperback / Oxford Univ Pr / March 2003 / 0195416899 List Price $27.50 / Similar to Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation... Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review By J.M. Bumsted (Editor), L. B. Kuffert (Editor), Len Kuffert (Editor) Paperback / 583 Pages / Oxford Univ Pr / September 2004 / 0195420187 List Price $29.95 / Similar to Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details Add Review Curse of the Narrows: The Halifax Disaster of 1917 By Laura MacDonald Hardcover List Price $26.00 / Similar to Curse of the Narrows: The Halifax... Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Fish into Wine: The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century By Peter Edward Pope Paperback / 463 Pages / Univ of North Carolina Pr / September 2004 / 0807855766 List Price $24.95 / Similar to

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