121. Calculus On The Web An internet tutoring utility for learning and practicing calculus. C.O.W. gives the student or interested user the opportunity to learn and practice problems. Instant feedback for the correctness of answers. http://www.math.temple.edu/~cow/

Welcome to Calculus on the Web The COW Library Click on a button below to open a book General information desk. Contents of the COW library If you wish to log in for a recorded session, click on the Login button. Login help. Calculus on the Web is partially supported by the National Science Foundation COW is a project of Gerardo Mendoza and Dan Reich Temple University

122. Mathematics Reference Trigonometry identities and calculus rules for integration and differentiation. http://www.alcyone.com/max/reference/maths/index.html

Mathematics reference Ma MathRef A mathematics reference for students and teachers. Conventions. Mathematics reference: Notation A unified mathematical notation used throughout these pages. Ma Trigonometric identities and properties. Mathematics reference: Trigonometric identities Various identities and properties essential in trigonometry. Ma Mathematics reference: Hyperbolic trigonometry identities Various identities essential in hyperbolic trigonometry. Ma Differential and integral calculus. Mathematics reference: Limits Properties of limits. Ma Mathematics reference: Rules for differentiation Essential rules for differentiation. Ma Mathematics reference: Rules for integration Essential rules for integration. Ma Vectors and matrices. Mathematics reference: Rules for vectors Basic properties of vectors. Ma Mathematics reference: Rules for matrices Basic properties of matrices. Ma Navigation. Erik Max Francis TOP Welcome to my homepage. e Reference UP A technical reference. Re Mathematics reference: Notation START A unified mathematical notation used throughout these pages. Ma Quick links.

123. Karl's Calculus Tutor: Starting Page For 1st Year Calculus Tutorial Introductory information on counting numbers, integers, limits, and derivatives. http://www.karlscalculus.org/

Karl's Calculus Tutor Home Page last update 1-Sep-2005 Donate to the Hurricane Katrina relief effort. Want to turn the tables on spammers? It's free. Welcome to Karl's Calculus Tutor Greetings to Fall 2005 Semester Students Section Index 1) Number Systems 2) Limits 3) Continuity 4) Derivatives ... Special Interest Pages Enter the tutorial (below) or search this website for a calculus topic. You will find coverage of limits, continuity, derivatives, related rates, optimization, L'Hopital's rule, integration, and much more. There are dozens of problems worked out for you step-by-step. If you are having difficulty with a calculus topic, you are encouraged to go to the appropriate section, look at the text, and then follow along with the worked problems to learn how you can do similar problems on your own. There is also remedial coverage of algebra topics, number systems, exponentials, logs, trig functions and trigonometry, if you are in need of review on these topics. Email help on math problems is available, but please read the instructions for emailing me first.

124. The Yacas Computer Algebra System Acronym for Yet Another Computer Algebra System, an opensource software package. Supports arbitrary precision arithmetic, matrices, and differential and integral calculus. http://www.xs4all.nl/~apinkus/yacas.html

Yacas is a general purpose easy to use Computer Algebra System (a CAS is a program that can be used to do symbolic manipulation of mathematical expressions). It is built on top of its own programming language designed for this purpose, in which new algorithms can easily be implemented. In addition, it comes with extensive documentation on the functionality implemented and methods used to implement them. This entire site (including the documentation) can also be found in the source code distribution

125. Steven Shreve's Lectures On Stochastic Calculus And Finance Notes in probability theory prepared by Prasad Chalasani and Somesh Jha, with a strong bias towards financial modeling and option pricing. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~chal/shreve.html

126. Math 1710: Precalculus I This course is a study of the algebra necessary to prepare for calculus. Topics covered will include polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, http://www.tn.regentsdegrees.org/courses/syllabi/math1710.htm

Precalculus MATH 1710 3 Credit Hours Course Information Course Description: This course is a study of the algebra necessary to prepare for calculus. Topics covered will include polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; systems of equations and inequalities; matrices; sequences and series; and conics including parametric and polar equations. Course Objectives: to understand the concept of function; and to use polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions to represent data graphically and symbolically; to solve polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic equations; to solve systems of equations by graphing and by use of matrices; to understand arithmetic and geometric sequences and series and apply these techniques in mathematical induction; to understand and apply the concepts of conics in rectangular, parametric, and polar form; to understand the appropriate use of technology in visually describing mathematical models and in finding numerical solutions to mathematical problems.

127. Nrich.maths.org::Mathematics Enrichment::Fractional Calculus I Using the gamma function, a definition of integration and differentiation performed a fractional number of times is presented. http://www.nrich.maths.org/public/viewer.php?obj_id=1365&part=index&refp

128. Luke Ong Merton College, Oxford Categorical logic, game semantics, type theory, lambda calculus, semantics of programming languages, and sequentiality. http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/people/luke.ong.html

Luke Ong Professor of Computer Science Tutorial Fellow in Computation, Merton College Address Oxford University Computing Laboratory Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QD, England. Telephone Direct: +44 (0)1865 283522 Department: +44 (0)1865 273838 Fax: +44 (0)1865 273839 EMail Luke.Ong@comlab.ox.ac.uk WWW Work-related information (OUCL) Personal Information (Personal page, content is not the responsibility of OUCL) oucl people Updated September 2005 Home Search SiteMap Feedback ... News

129. Progress In PDEs Home Page The main purpose of the meeting is to bring together leading experts in this broad and fastmoving area with the objective of highlighting recent important developments. Particular attention will be paid to developments in PDEs that relate to the sciences and other areas of mathematics such as geometry, the calculus of variations, dynamical systems and stochastic analysis. Edinburgh; 913 July 2001. http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/icms/current/progpde/

Progress in Partial Differential Equations Edinburgh, 9-13 July 2001 Home page Scientific Programme Speakers' Notes Timetable ... Click here for the report on this meeting in ICMS News 11 The Speakers' Notes section contains notes and some abstracts from speakers at this meeting. Scientific Committee: J. M. Ball (Oxford), A. Grigoryan (Imperial College), S Kuksin (Heriot-Watt) The main purpose of the meeting is to bring together leading experts in this broad and fast-moving area with the objective of highlighting recent important developments. Particular attention will be paid to developments in PDEs that relate to the sciences and other areas of mathematics such as geometry, the calculus of variations, dynamical systems and stochastic analysis. One of the sessions of the meeting, on Tuesday 10 July, will be dedicated to the memory of E. M. Landis and will address qualitative theory of second order elliptic and parabolic PDEs. A memoir of E. M. Landis Session timetable The Workshop is supported by: The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and The European Commission under Framework V REGISTRATIONS CLOSED ON 7 APRIL 2001.

130. Deep Inference And The Calculus Of Structures The calculus of structures is a new proof theoretical formalism. It exploits a topdown symmetry of derivations made possible by deep inference. http://alessio.guglielmi.name/res/cos/index.html

Alessio Guglielmi's Research / Deep Inference and the Calculus of Structures Deep Inference and the Calculus of Structures Quantum Bio-Cryptography for Nano-Security NEW Greg Restall will be teaching the course Proof, Cut Elimination and Normalisation at next ESSLLI 2005 in Edinburgh (August '05). Contents This page contains: Introduction Frequently Asked Questions and Useful Remarks for Referees Papers, Lectures and Theses Classical and Intuitionistic Logic ... Acknowledgements Other pages contain more detailed information: Frequently Asked Questions and Useful Remarks for Referees General The Calculus of Structures Vs. the Sequent Calculus Cut Elimination and the Subformula Property ... Philosophy Papers, Lectures and Theses Classical and Intuitionistic Logic Linear Logic Modal Logic Commutative/Non-commutative Linear Logic ... BV Introduction The calculus of structures , briefly indicated by CoS , is a new proof theoretical formalism, introduced by myself in 1999 and initially developed by members of my group in Dresden since 2000. It exploits a new top-down symmetry of derivations made possible by deep inference . We can present deductive systems in CoS and analyse their properties, as we do in the sequent calculus

131. Bondi K-Calculus A simple derivation of Einstein's theory of relativity which is widely taught to undergraduate physics students. The mathematics required though make this easy for anyone to understand. http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/System/8956/Bondi/intro.htm

Bondi K-Calculus In simple terms, Bondi k-calculus is a method of deriving the effects of Einstein's theory of special relativity which requires only basic mathematics, and yet gives all the appropriate results. Now before all of the 'scientists' click to the next page and dismiss this as a derivation without substance, let me present a few details. The method was created by Sir Hermann Bondi, who not only wrote numerous papers on the theory of relativity, but was also given a professorship at Cambridge University. The derivation presented here is taught in undergraduate and graduate level physics courses around the world. Unfortunately it is rarely taught in High Schools, where its simplicity would benefit all students struggling with the traditional lorentz transformation derivation of relativity. Lesson 1 As is done in most derivations, let us limit space to a single dimension to spare having to draw four-dimensional figures on a two dimensional screen. In the diagram below, let the vertical axis represent time and the horizontal axis represent space. Then a curve in the diagram represents a point in space which is 'moving'.(As time progresses, the point changes its position). If the curve is a straight line, the point moves at a constant velocity. Let A and B be two such lines, (representing observers or spaceships, or whatever seems appropriate) which cross at some point. Each observer carries a clock and at the instant they meet, both reset their clocks to 0. As soon as they cross, A begins shining a flashlight at B for a period of time T.

132. Financial Calculus By Martin Baxter and Andrew Rennie (CUP, 1996). Contents, preface, errata, supplementary text, reviews. http://www.financialcalculus.co.uk/

133. Introduction To Translation Of Grassmann's Ausdehnungslehre Explains the published paper called Ausdehnungslehre, which translates to Theory of Extension . The purpose is to create a universal type of geometric calculus. This development is used in linear and nonlinear algebra, today. http://www.maths.utas.edu.au/People/dfs/Papers/GrassmannTranslation/node3.html

NEXT PAGE CONTENTS PREVIOUS PAGE Introduction Hermann Grassmann's 1862 Ausdehnungslehre (literally, ``Theory of Extension'') is one of the great mathematical works of the nineteenth century. In it the foundations of linear and multilinear algebra are laid and much of the superstructure too is constructed. It is regrettable that such a book on such a subject should, from the moment of publication, have been not much read. Indeed, Grassmann's reputation for impenetrability has persisted to this day. Yet one may suspect that a writer who is, in many respects, a century ahead of his time will be somewhat more readable when that century has elapsed than he was to his contemporaries. It is my hope that this translation and commentary will make it easy for today's mathematically educated reader to appreciate Grassmann's presentation of the theory of basis and dimension - it does not differ much from the initial chapter of a modern linear algebra text. The work called simply Die Ausdehnungslehre , though its title page bears the date 1862, actually appeared in the latter half of 1861. It was Grassmann's second attempt to present his theory and was totally different in conception from

134. Index Of /Precalculus_home 24Oct-2004 1812 31K DIR Search/ 10-Jul-2004 0033 - DIR Teaching pre-cal/ 11-May-2004 1419 - TXT algebra_background.htm 06-Jul-2004 0433 4.8K http://distance-ed.math.tamu.edu/Precalculus_home/

Index of /Precalculus_home Name Last modified Size Description ... MentoringTips_module.htm 11-May-2004 14:18 1.9K MentoringTips_module.pdf 11-May-2004 14:18 18K 24-Oct-2004 18:00 - 14-Jul-2005 11:57 - 15-Sep-2004 15:31 - 23-Jan-2005 06:22 - 23-Jan-2005 06:19 - 24-Oct-2004 18:01 - Precalculus TExES Competency.htm 24-Oct-2004 18:12 31K Search/ 10-Jul-2004 00:33 - Teaching Pre-cal/ 11-May-2004 14:19 - algebra_background.htm 06-Jul-2004 04:33 4.8K 11-May-2004 14:18 - authors.htm 06-May-2005 09:08 5.2K button1.swf 11-May-2004 14:18 6.9K button2.swf 11-May-2004 14:18 6.8K button3.swf 11-May-2004 14:18 6.9K button4.swf 11-May-2004 14:18 6.7K button5.swf 11-May-2004 14:18 6.8K button6.swf

135. Math Homework Help For Algebra, Geometry, Calculus And More. Solutions and problems in popular US textbooks, algebra through calculus. Solutions include hints and explain steps up to and including the final answer. http://www.hotmath.com/

Math Homework Help Found Here! We show step-by-step explanations for the actual math homework problems in your math textbook. Doing math homework can now be quicker, easier, and more effective than ever before. Hotmath , Inc. Math Homework Help from Hotmath.com We help with middle school math homework, prealgebra homework, algebra homework, geometry homework, college algebra homework, precalculus homework, and calculus homework. We are proud to serve thousands of middle schools high schools and colleges , tens of thousands of teachers, plus hundreds of thousands of individual parents and students Please enter our website now to see how easy it is to use Hotmath.com to help you answer your math homework problems from math textbooks. Get help right now for your math homework problems assigned from textbooks. Our tutorial solutions with graphs, figures, hints and answers cover math textbook homework problems for grades 6 through high school math and college math. We show how to solve odd-numbered textbook prealgebra problems algebra problems geometry problems college algebra problems ... precalculus problems , and calculus problems.

136. Untitled Document Mathematica package for doing tensor and exterior calculus on differentiable manifolds. http://baldufa.upc.es/ttc/

137. Quantum Logic And Probability Theory How quantum mechanics can be regarded as a nonclassical probabilistic calculus; by Alexander Wilce. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-quantlog/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change FEB The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Quantum Logic and Probability Theory At its core, quantum mechanics can be regarded as a non-classical probability calculus resting upon a non-classical propositional logic. More specifically, in quantum mechanics each probability-bearing proposition of the form "the value of physical quantity A lies in the range B " is represented by a projection operator on a Hilbert space H . These form a non-Boolean in particular, non-distributive orthocomplemented lattice. Quantum-mechanical states correspond exactly to probability measures (suitably defined) on this lattice. What are we to make of this? Some have argued that the empirical success of quantum mechanics calls for a revolution in logic itself. This view is associated with the demand for a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics, i.e., one not grounded in any primitive notion of measurement. Against this, there is a long tradition of interpreting quantum mechanics operationally, that is, as being precisely a theory of measurement. On this latter view, it is not surprising that a "logic" of measurement-outcomes, in a setting where not all measurements are compatible, should prove not to be Boolean. Rather, the mystery is why it should have the

138. Index The emphasis of the conference is on categorical decomposition techniques, especially calculus of functors and homology decompositions of classifying spaces, but the conference is intended to have a broad scope with talks on a variety of topics of current interest in topology. Isle of Skye, Scotland; 24 30 June 2001. http://maths.abdn.ac.uk/~stc2001/

International Conference in Algebraic Topology Isle of Skye - Scotland 24- 30 June 2001 Research Centre in Topology and Related Areas Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Aberdeen An international Algebraic Topology conference is planned for the last week of June 2001 (June 24 - 30, 2001). The conference will take place on the Isle of Skye - a scenic island off the west coast of Scotland. The emphasis of the conference is on categorical decomposition techniques, especially calculus of functors and homology decompositions of classifying spaces. But the conference is intended to have a broad scope, with talks on a variety of topics of current interest in topology. A London Mathematical Society invited lecture series will take place in Aberdeen the week before the conference (June 18 - 23, 2001). Prof. T. Goodwillie will give a series of ten lectures on calculus of functors. Participants who wish to attend both meetings are encouraged to do so and will enjoy reduced registration fees. The following mathematicians have agreed to attend and give a plenary talk.

139. Lambda Calculus An online introduction to the lambda calculus by Lloyd Allison, complete with a web form that will evaluate lambda expressions. http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeFP/Lambda/

Lambda Calculus (interpreters) LA home FP Lambda Syntax Introduction Also see: Prolog Semantics There are lazy and strict versions of the toy lambda-calculus interpreter. They both share the same input syntax and can be used on the same example lambda-calculus programs, although some programs will not work (i.e. will loop) when using the strict interpreter of course. Introduction: Lambda-calculus and the lazy interpreter Syntax - quick guide Lambda-calculus example programs Lazy Interpreter Strict Interpreter main programs Lazy.p Strict.p declarations define values lazy.type.P interpreters proper lazy.exec.P strict.exec.P output lazy.show.P (evaluation is print driven) strict.show.P expressions lazy.eval.p (by-need evaluation) strict.eval.P (strict evaluation) apply functions lazy.apply.P strict.apply.P process declarations lazy.D.P strict.D.P binary operators lazy.O.P unary operators lazy.U.P strict.U.P manipulate environments lazy.env.P strict.env.P form basic values lazy.mkval.P It is a useful exercise to compare the strict and lazy versions of the above files, particularly the two *.eval.P files. General routines common to both interpreters: lexical syntax lex.type.P

140. Math Forum Public Discussions Group topics include general math, education, geometry, software, calculus reform, research and recreations. http://mathforum.org/kb/forumindex.jspa

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