1. Byzantium The Byzantine Studies Page of the empire came to be based on a series of local armies. There is then a persistent ambiguity about the beginning of Byzantine history http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Byzantine And Medieval Studies Links Knox, The Byzantine Empire From Skip Knox's History of the Crusades course. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. The Byzantine Empire Chronology a new period in the history of the Roman Empire. 10561453 Decline of the Byzantine Empire http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA The Byzantine Empire developments of the Byzantine Empire, especially on that of the landed interests, is one of the great unsolved questions of Byzantine history. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Byzantium History A Brief Summary of Byzantine History. The Byzantine Empire, founded when the capital of the Roman Empire was transferred from Rome to http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. The Glory Of Byzantium - Metropolitan Museum Of Art An exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art celebrating the second golden age of Byzantine art. Includes Byzantine art themes, the history of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. The History Of The Byzantine Empire The History Of The Byzantine Empire http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE The Byzantine Empire was established with the foundation of Constantinople, but the final separation of the eastern and western empires was not http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. NM's Creative Impulse..Byzantium History of Costume Byzantine Empire ..6th Century Byzantine Empire a wonderful resource with a total of 8 images to click and enlarge http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Byzantine.html Byzantine Studies. Director of Byzantine Studies AliceMary Talbot / e-mail Byzantine@doaks.org http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. History Of THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE History of THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE from HistoryWorld.net including A new Rome, Constantine and his city, Three sons of Constantine, Julian the Apostate, http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac59

12. History Of THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE History of THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE from HistoryWorld.net including Byzantines and Turks, Emotive appeals, Constantinople and the west, http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=2760&HistoryI

13. Syllabus For History 304: The Byzantine Empire History 304 The Byzantine Empire. (also listed as Religion 301). Spring Semester 2004. Section A, 900 – 950 MWF. Instructor. Dr. John Moser Andrews 121 http://www.ashland.edu/~jmoser1/304syl.htm

History 304: The Byzantine Empire also listed as Religion 301) Spring Semester 2004 Section A MWF Instructor: Dr. John Moser Andrews 121 E-mail Office Hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays, or by appointment Required Texts: Barry Baldwin ( transl Timarion (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984) (in coursepack Elizabeth Dawes and Norman H. Baynes transl Three Byzantine Saints: Contemporary Biographies translated from the Greek (Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1977) George T. Dennis ( transl Maurice’s Strategikon : Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984) St. John of Damascus, On the Divine Images (St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1997) Harry J. Margoulias transl O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984) (in coursepack Procopius The Secret History (New York: Penguin Classics, 1981) George Sphrantzes The Fall of the Byzantine Empire (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980) (on reserve) Timothy Ware

14. Tomfolio.com: History: Empires And Civilizations, Byzantine Empire History Empires and Civilizations, Byzantine Empire. http://www.tomfolio.com/bookssub.asp?subid=3067

15. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire The Fourth Crusade ended this period of byzantine history; the empire was in ruins, out of which, however, deft hands contrived to build up a new byzantine http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... B > The Byzantine Empire A B C D ... Z The Byzantine Empire The ancient Roman Empire having been divided into two parts, an Eastern and a Western, the Eastern remained subject to successors of Constantine , whose capital was at Byzantium or Constantinople . The term Byzantine is therefore employed to designate this Eastern survival of the ancient Roman Empire. The subject will be here treated under the following divisions: I. Byzantine Civilization; II. Dynastic History. The latter division of the article will be subdivided into six heads in chronological order. I. BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION Slavs The first period of the empire, which embraces the dynasties of Theodosius, Leo I, Justinian , and Tiberius, is politically still under Roman influence. In the second period the dynasty of Heraclius in conflict with Islam , succeeds in creating a distinctively Byzantine State. The third period, that of the Syrian (Isaurian) emperors and of Iconoclasm , is marked by the attempt to avoid the struggle with Islam by completely orientalizing the land.

16. Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium A large selection of primary sources on byzantine history, religion, emperors and empire, hosted by Fordham University. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html

ORB Main Page Links to Other Medieval Sites Medieval Studies Course [Halsall] Halsall Home ... Byzantine Studies Page Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... End of Rome Byzantium Islam Roman Church Early Germans Celtic World ... Exploration Contents General Foundations Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565) Justinian and Theodora ... Accounts of Byzantium by Others General WEB Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page WEB Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: Selected Images [At DO] WEB Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: Slide List of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection [At DO] WEB Dumbarton Oaks Electronic Texts [Uses Acrobat] Byzantine, Landscape Architecture and Pre-Columbian etext. Paul of Aigina: The Epitome , excerpts. [a medical text] A Byzantine Mathematics Textbook , 888: [Page image] With Euclidean theorems. The Suda: Entries on Grammarians, Rhetoricians ands Sophists , [At Leeds] The Suda was a Byzantine "encyclopedia". Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Greek Christian Poetry . [At St. Pachomius Library] A collection of translations, including poems by: Clement of Alexandria, Gregory Nazianzen, Amphilochius of Iconium, Synesius of Cyrene, Paul Silentiarius, George Pisidia, John Damascene, Simeon Metaphrastes, John Maurpous of Euchaita, Theodore Prodromus, John Tzetzes, Manuel Philes, and Maximus Margunius.

17. The Byzantines byzantine history, then, stretches in a continuous line from the latter centuries of Rome But the byzantine empire was no longer an empire after 1261, http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM

were the Roman Empire, not simply a continuation of it in the East. The capital city, Constantinople, had been founded as the capital of Rome by the Emperor Constantine, but a uniquely Greek or Byzantine character to the Roman Empire can be distinguished as early as Diocletian. When Rome was seized by Goths, this was a great blow to the Roman Empire, but it didn't effectively end it. Although Rome was under the control of foreigners who themselves claimed to be continuing the empire, the Byzantine empire continued as before, believing themselves to be the Roman Empire. AD had to deal with cultural influences and political threats from European cultures, Asian cultures and, primarily, Islam after the seventh century. Justinian Langobardi (Lombards). Corpus iuris civilis . This was not only a great legal achievement in codifying Roman law, it was also the first systematic attempt to synthesize Roman law and jurisprudence with Christianity. Although Byzantium would eventually fade in influence, from the eleventh century onwards, Justinian's Corpus iuris civilis became the foundation of all European law and legal practice (except for England).

18. Byzantium History A Brief Summary of byzantine history. The byzantine empire, founded when the capital of the Roman empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in 324, http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byz_1.html

A Brief Summary of Byzantine History T he Byzantine Empire, founded when the capital of the Roman Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in 324, existed in the eastern Mediterranean area until the fifteenth century. The arts and culture of this "New Rome" continued the pan-Mediterranean traditions of the late antique Greco-Roman world, setting the standard of cultural excellence for the Latin West and the Islamic East. The results of the cultural development of the Byzantine Empire during these centuries has had a lasting impact on such modern nations as Albania, Armenia, Belorus', Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Rumania, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Syria, Ukraine, and Turkey. Origins of Byzantium The Early Period The Middle Period The Late Period ... Map "Not since the world was made was there ever seen or won so great a treasure, or so noble or so rich, nor in the time of Alexander, nor in the time of Charlemagne, nor before, nor after, nor do I think myself that in the forty richest cities of the world had there been so much wealth as was found in Constantinople. For the Greeks say that two-thirds of the wealth of this world is in Constantinople and the other third scattered throughout the world." Robert of Clari, a French crusader who witnessed the pillage of the city in 1204, describing Constantinople.

19. Byzantium History The Christianized eastern part of the Roman empire, or Byzantium, This infusion helped the art of the Early byzantine period to remain close to its http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byz_3.html

Constantine I Emperor Maurice Tiberius The Attarouthi Treasure David and Goliath T he Christianized eastern part of the Roman Empire, or Byzantium, as it came to be called, continued for another 1100 years. A vital figure in its earliest years was the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine the Great S o it was that the empire continued to be ruled by Roman law and political institutions, with the elite communicating officially in Latin. Yet the population, now Christian, also spoke Greek. In school students studied the ancient Greek classics of literature, philosophy, science, medicine, art, and rhetoric. The church, which developed its own literature and philosophy, nonetheless looked favorably upon the intellectual tradition of classical scholarship. An incalculable benefit of this system was that often only that part of classical Greek literature preserved in Byzantine schoolbooks has survived into modern times. O ne of the advantages of Constantine's new capital was that it was on an easily fortified peninsula; as it was closer to the dangerous frontiers of the empire than Rome, imperial armies could respond more rapidly to crises. The strategic location of the city enabled merchants there to grow rich through their control over the trade routes between Europe and the East and the shipping lanes connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Constantine lavished on his new capital a university, two theaters, eight public and fifty-three private baths, fifty-two covered walkways, four law courts, fourteen churches, and fourteen palaces. He imported staggering quantities of the best Greco-Roman art from throughout the empire. This infusion helped the art of the Early Byzantine period to remain close to its Greco-Roman heritage in its naturalism and classical subject matter.

20. Byzantine Empire The byzantine empire was the successor state to the Roman empire . byzantine art could play this role because, throughout its long history, http://www.crystalinks.com/byzantine.html

BYZANTINE EMPIRE Anthemios and Isidorus Hagia Sophia, Constantinople The Roman-Byzantine Period (135-638 CE) The Byzantine Empire was the successor state to the Roman Empire . It was also called the Eastern or East Roman Empire. In 135 CE the Emperor Hadrian declared a new city on the site of Jerusalem, called Colonia Aelia Capitolina. A new municipal plan was introduced which bore hardly any resemblance to the former city. Indeed the Roman influence is felt to this day: the main streets of the Old City still follow the Roman grid. The Forum, established in the city center, consisted of public buildings including a temple of Aphrodite, goddess of beauty and love. The Roman 10th Legion was camped in the western part of town near the Citadel. Jerusalem was no longer the country's capital nor its economic center. Its religious status also declined: Jews were not permitted to enter, while Christianity was still a forbidden religion. Constantine's assumption of power as sole ruler of the Roman Empire wrought a transformation in the status of Christianity. No longer was it an outlawed and persecuted faith; in fact, it would soon become the Empire's official religion. These developments had a significant impact on Jerusalem. Churches were built on sites identified as sacred to Christianity, attracting large numbers of pilgrims from all corners of the Empire. This process shaped Jerusalem both materially and spiritually. The city grew in size and population and was the focus of special attention from the authorities. Monks and clerics made Jerusalem their home; it became the main stay of Christian learning and spiritual creation.

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