21. Burundi And The Crisis In Central Africa burundi cannot be viewed in isolation. A strong and coherent US regional policy “burundi The Obsession with Genocide,” Current history (May 1996, pp. http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol2/v2n13bur_body.html

Burundi and the Crisis in Central Africa Volume 2, Number 13 January 1997 Written by Stephen Weissman, Professor of African Studies at Howard University, non-resident Senior Associate with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Editors: Tom Barry (IRC) and Martha Honey (IPS) 13ifbrnd.pdf Key Problems Colonial-induced animosities and subsequent competition among ethnic elites have fueled a three-decade-long political conflict in Burundi, turning the country into a powder keg primed by fears for personal security. Since 1993 some 150,000 Burundian civilians have been murdered in spreading genocidal conflicts in Central Africa. The international community, which failed to act when the crisis began, now faces a major challenge in Burundi and, more widely, in Central Africa. This undercut the political legitimacy of those Hutu moderates committed to peaceful change. Former FRODEBU Minister Leonard Nyangoma responded by organizing the CNDD, a Hutu-led political movement- cum Problems with Current U.S. Policy

22. Burundi | Catholic Relief Services history While approximately 90% of burundi s population is dependent upon agriculture regional Countries. Select a Country, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso http://www.catholicrelief.org/our_work/where_we_work/overseas/africa/burundi/ind

new COOLjsMenu("menu1", MENU_ITEMS_POSITIONING1) PRINT PAGE E-MAIL PAGE Home Our Work Where We Work Overseas ... Burundi Catholic Relief Services continues to help Burundians regain and retain their dignity by alleviating suffering and poverty and by promoting a culture of peace. By playing a crucial role as the coordinating agency for emergency assistance in the country, despite the daily dangers of war, Catholic Relief Services has helped thousands of people with relief items and through the construction of temporary shelters. Our work encompasses the two largest ethnic groups in the country, the Hutu and the Tutsi, as well as the often forgotten, and severely marginalized Batwa Pygmy minority. Examples of our Work Catholic Relief Services' work is built on the premise of justice and dignity for all regardless of faith, ethnicity, or social status. The Agency supports local partners in their efforts to bridge ethnic differences, and provides assistance in areas such as HIV/AIDS, Health and sanitation and peace building. But it does not stop there. Collaborating with other organizations, it has provided 10,500 displaced and marginalize families with necessities such as blankets, containers, soap and plastic sheeting so they can rebuild their lives. Some specific examples of our work are: Emergency Non-Food Distribution aids some 6,500 families per month.

23. Eastern Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Muse Timeline of Art history World Map regional Map The East African interior,in presentday Rwanda, burundi, Uganda, and western Kenya and Tanzania, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/sfe/ht09sfe.htm

Encompasses present-day Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, northern Zambia, northern Malawi, and northern Mozambique See also Central Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan Christian Ethiopia's political and territorial decline, which began in the sixteenth century, continues throughout this period due in part to encroachment by pastoral peoples and emergent Muslim states such as Harar, in western Ethiopia. Efforts to unify the Ethiopian Church and restore security and prosperity to the kingdom produce a period of artistic florescence centered at the capital city of Gondar. Along the East African coast, first Portugal and then the sultanate of Oman gain control of Swahili economic centers; Mombasa, in modern-day Kenya, becomes an important state in the eighteenth century under Omani rule. The East African interior, in present-day Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and western Kenya and Tanzania, witnesses the development of large states made powerful by trade and improved agriculture. At this time, emblems of leadership imported from the coast and Central Africa are adopted for use throughout the region. Architecture displaying Islamic influences is built of stone or fossilized coral in Swahili settlements such as Mogadishu, Mombasa, Lamu, Zanzibar, and Kilwa. Windows and doorways are typically framed with

24. TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLESby Kurt Schuler TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY history regional TABLES by Kurt Schuler Banque Centraledu Congo Belge et du RuandaUrundi burundi (1952-60), Congo-Kinshasa http://users.erols.com/kurrency/authorities.htm

TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLES by Kurt Schuler www.dollarization.org Preliminary version, May 2005 I welcome comments from knowledgeable readers. Should you have a suggested correction, please specify the source of your information. I am most interested in information from primary sources, particularly laws and the reports of monetary authorities. Notes So far the tables for Africa, Asia, and Australia/Pacific are finished, though they are subject to revision. "Present" refers to 2005 in the tables of monetary authorities. Table. African countries that have had various types of monetary authorities Systems with competitive issue of the monetary base Free bankingCompetitive issue by banks of notes (paper money) and deposits with few special regulations. Fixed exchange rate with gold, silver, or a foreign currency. Lesotho (1902-21), Malawi (1894-1940), Mauritius (1813-17, 1817-24*, 1824-5, 1832-49), Namibia (1915-61), South Africa (1837-1920, 1920-1*), Swaziland (1897-1921), Zambia (1906-40), Zimbabwe (1892-1940). Besides these episodes, there was also limited competition in Mozambique (1919-42*). Botswana (1897) and Nigeria (sometime 1899-1912) had episodes of note issue by a single bank either too brief or not extensive enough to usefully classify as free banking. Free issueUnusual system with neither an exchange rate target nor centralized control of the monetary base.

25. Rwanda/Burundi: InterAction Statement The huge migration, the largest in recent African history, followed three The letter added Only a coordinated regional approach that ends impunity, http://www.africaaction.org/docs95/cen9508.htm

Home About Us Archives Africa Policy E-Journal Rwanda/Burundi: InterAction Statement Programs Baraza Annual Reports Contact Us ... Archives Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Africa Policy E-Journal Any links to other sites in this file from 1995 are not clickable, given the difficulty in maintaining up-to-date links in old files. However, we hope they may still provide leads for your research. The Africa Policy E-Journal is a free information service provided by Africa Action, including both original commentary and reposted documents. Africa Action provides this information and analysis in order to promote U.S. and international policies toward Africa that advance economic, political and social justice and the full spectrum of human rights. Documents previously distributed in the e-journal are available on the Africa Action website: http://www.africaaction.org

26. Exploring Africa -> Teachers -> Regional Perspectives-> Southern Africa In this activity, students should get a sense of the rich history of this region the Great Lakes Region (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and burundi), http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/lm19/intro.html

Unit Four Regional Perspectives Module Nineteen: East Africa Teacher's Edition PURPOSE The purpose of Module Nineteen is to introduce students to the region called East Africa. East Africa is a vast area encompassing the countries of Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Seychelles, and Comoros. As with other regions of Africa (see Introduction to Module Twenty: Regional Perspectives ), the countries that are included in East Africa can vary somewhat depending on whom you talk to. Some of the countries listed here can also fit into the regions of Central, Southern, or Northern Africa. But for the sake of this module, we will refer to East Africa as the twelve countries listed above. Activity One: The Region Called East Africa gives a brief overview of the history of the region, highlighting human origins, early kingdoms, trade routes, European colonialism, and postcolonial states. In this activity, students should get a sense of the rich history of this region and its connectedness to other regions in Africa and the rest of the world. The activity ends by discussing intra-regional political and economic organizations in East Africa, giving COMESA as one example. Activity Two: The Geography of East Africa deals with some of the geographical differences between East African subregions. The region of East Africa can be further broken down into three subregions—The Horn of Africa (Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti), the Great Lakes Region (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), and islands in the Indian Ocean (Seychelles and Comoros). The different vegetations, water availabilities, topographies, and population densities in these regions are discussed. Also, the impact of tourism on the East African enviroment is discussed.

27. Exploring Africa -> Teachers -> Regional Perspectives-> Southern Africa I. Prehistory The Origins of Modern Humans. East Africa is a region with someof the most burundi Comoros Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/lm19/actone.html

Unit Four Regional Perspectives Module Nineteen: East Africa Activity One: The Region Called East Africa (click on map for larger view) INTRODUCTION East Africa is a vast area encompassing the countries of Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Seychelles, and Comoros. EAST AFRICA (click on map for larger view This first activity will introduce you to some of the history and contemporary regional relationships of East African countries. How have East African countries been connected to one another throughout history? How have they been connected to other regions of Africa and the world? EAST AFRICAN HISTORY I. Pre-history: The Origins of Modern Humans East Africa is a region with some of the most significant and oldest paleoanthropological finds in the world. Paleoanthropology is the study of early hominids (primates belonging to the Hominidae family, including modern humans and their ancestors). Paleoanthropologists such as Mary and Louis Leakey, and Donald Johanson have made important discoveries of hominid skeletons and artifacts in East Africa that have helped scientists to piece together how human beings may have evolved. Olduvai Gorge in Ngorongoro Crater Used with permission of Africa Focus Website - University of Wisconsin (click on image for larger view) Homo Homo sapiens ) in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. One of these hominids was named

28. Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Conflict Profile - Burun history. In late precolonial times, most of burundi was ruled by a monarchy, need for a military force drawn from the region to be deployed in burundi, http://selfdetermine.irc-online.org/conflicts/burundi_body.html

Self-Determination Regional Conflict Profile Burundi By Gregory Mthembu-Salter OVburundi.pdf History In late pre-colonial times, most of Burundi was ruled by a monarchy, with the throne contested by two clans, the Bezi and the Batare. When German imperial forces arrived in 1899, Mwezi I of the Bezi was mwami (king), though his succession was disputed by the Batare. When Germany's African colonies were confiscated in 1919, Burundi and its neighbor Rwanda were ceded to Belgium as a single colony called Ruanda-Urundi. Like its German predecessor, the Belgian administration at first supported the Bezi, but after 1945, relations between the two deteriorated, as Bezi princes demanded immediate independence. mwami 's son, Prince Louis Rwagasore. Rwagasore swiftly built a large support base that was predominantly Hutu but with significant Tutsi representation, and after Belgium granted Burundi internal autonomy in 1959, Uprona won communal and legislative elections. In 1961, political opponents, with suspected Belgian assistance, assassinated Rwagasore, denying him the chance to lead Burundi to independence in 1962. The post-independence period saw clan loyalties receding as the primary point of political reference in Burundi, and a rapid ethnicizing of political competition occurred. This was in large part fueled by developments in neighboring Rwanda, where the government was pursuing a policy of radical Hutu supremacism. The fear of this trend emerging in Burundi, and the influence of the thousands of traumatized Rwandan Tutsi refugees who fled into Burundi, radicalized Burundian Tutsis, particularly in the armed forces, and they became determined to preserve their position at any cost. The country's first post-independence prime minister, Pierre Ngendanduwe, who was from Uprona and a Hutu, was assassinated in 1965, following which Uprona won fresh legislative elections, largely on the strength of the Hutu vote. However, the

29. History (from Burundi) Encyclopædia Britannica history (from burundi) This discussion focuses on burundi since independence.For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-93633

30. East Africa Living Encyclopedia burundi history. 5th TO 11th CENTURIES AD Bahutu agriculturalists migrateinto the region Parties based on ethnic or regional groups are prohibited. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/bhistory.htm

East Africa Living Encyclopedia Burundi Internet Resources Anthem Burundi Map Burundian Flag ... Weather (Supported by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Kenya Tanzania ... Rwanda Burundi History 5th TO 11th CENTURIES AD: Bahutu agriculturalists migrate into the region and dominate the indigenous tribal groups, including the Batwa. 14th TO 18th

31. IRIN Update 584 For 9-11 Jan 1999 burundi regional summit to discuss burundi. regional leaders are due to meet in the report described as a turning point in the history of sanctions. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/irin584.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER IRIN Update 584 for 9-11 Jan 1999 U N I T E D N A T I O N S Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Network for Central and Eastern Africa Tel: +254 2 622147 Fax: +254 2 622129 e-mail: irin@ocha.unon.org IRIN Update No. 584 for Central and Eastern Africa (Saturday-Monday 9-11 January 1999) BURUNDI: Regional summit to discuss Burundi Regional leaders are due to meet in Arusha, Tanzania on 23 January to discuss the Burundi situation, AFP reported today (Monday). It quoted Tanzanian Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete as saying the summit was likely to suspend, but not cancel, the embargo. The Arusha peace process, bringing together various sides in the Burundi conflict, resumes on 18 January. Sanctions have passed "sell-by date" A new report on Burundi sanctions, commissioned by ActionAid, says the policy has passed its "sell-by date". The embargo should have been lifted after the new political partnership between the government and the opposition FRODEBU party, which the report described as a turning point in the history of sanctions. Humanitarian exemptions to the embargo have not sufficed to reverse a decline in social indicators, and vulnerable people have been more and more affected by the sanctions which have made it difficult for donors and creditors to provide fresh credit, development assistance and balance of payments support to Burundi.

32. Preventing Genocide In Burundi Lessons From International Diplomacy: Peaceworks: 41–58; Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis history of a Genocide (New “Joint Communiqué of the Second Arusha regional Summit on burundi,” July 31, 1996. http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/weissm22/notes22.html

Complete List of Institute Reports Release Date: July 1998 Get Adobe PDF version of the full report HTML version ... About the Author Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy Notes 1. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Burundi, February 15, 1996, S/1996/116, par. 24. Le Monde, August 12, 1997. 3. On Bosnia, see Warren Zimmerman, Origins of a Catastrophe: Yugoslavia and Its Destroyers The Policy Implications of U.S. Involvement in Bosnia: Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, Washington Post, February 8, 1993, pp. A1, A14. For Rwanda, see Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, Study 2: Early Warning and Conflict Management International Security Africa and the New International Order 4. United Nations, Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, December 9, 1948. 5. Leo Kuper, Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. xii.

33. Burundi Web Links: Library And Links: Jeannette Rankin Library Program: U.S. Ins resources which describe the background, history and current events in burundi . regional and thematic maps from the UN s ReliefWeb covering burundi, http://www.usip.org/library/regions/burundi.html

Regional Resources Burundi Web Links Below are links by topical categories to resources primarily in English providing information generally on Burundi and specifically in the context of Great Lakes conflicts. For related web links, see Rwanda Web Links and Regional Resources: Africa General Resources Government Agencies and International Organizations Maps and Guides ... Political Resources and Peace Agreements These links complement the Institute Special Report: Post-Genocide Reconciliation: Building Peace in Rwanda and Burundi General Resources The sites below collect links to other Internet resources which describe the background, history and current events in Burundi. Africa South of the Sahara: Burundi An extensive collection of well-annotated links compiled by Karen Fung at Stanford University for the African Studies Association. Includes links to email lists, newsgroups, special projects, databases and archives, articles and documents, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), news and general sources. Organized alphabetically. Varied selection of annotated links from the African Studies Center at the University of Pennsylvania, covering general information, country map and other collections of links.

34. The Economic History Of The Republic Of Burundi The economic history of the Republic of burundi. Landmines Continue to Kill,Maim Every Year UN Integrated regional Information Networks, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/36/index-kc.html

The economic history of the Republic of Burundi Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Burundi Burundi coffee revenues tumble BBC News, Friday April 23 1999. Brief news report illustrating the economic impact of the civil war. The environmental history of Burundi Landmines Continue to Kill, Maim Every Year UN Integrated Regional Information Networks, 29 August 2003. 230 people suffered from landmine blasts in 2001 and 2002; anti-personnel mines accounted for the greatest number of victims.

35. SECURITY COUNCIL EXTENDS UN OPERATION IN BURUNDI UNTIL 1 JUNE 2005 “Paying tribute to the efforts made by the States of the regional Initiative for was not the first gross human rights violation in burundi ’s history. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8258.doc.htm

36. BUBL LINK: World History Subjects burundi, crime, death, holocaust, kosovo, rwanda, second world regional and crosscultural chronologies designed for use in history lessons. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/w/worldhistory.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z World history Titles Descriptions About.com: History - The 20th Century AlternaTime Art of the First World War Biographie.net ... World History: Hyper History Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk About.com: History - The 20th Century Offers original articles and features about the 20th Century, plus annotated links to selected relevant Internet resources, compiled by a subject specialist, a subject-specific bulletin board, and details of related news and events. Includes archives, art and architecture, and media and popular culture. Covers many significant events of the period including the First and Second World Wars, the Russian Revolution, the Depression, and the Cold War. Author: About.com Subjects: history links, world history DeweyClass: Resource type: forum, index, news AlternaTime Collection of links to timelines of past and fictional future events in the fields of history and culture, science and technology, art and literature, popular culture and current events, and science fiction. Specific entries include the Suffrage Movement Timeline, Titantic's Chronology of Main Events, a Space Program Timeline, and a Chronology of Japan's Fine Arts. Author: Emery, George

37. Virtual Tour Of The Mount Airy Museum Of Regional History In North Carolina British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, burundi, CaliforniaUS,Cambodia, Cameroon 2002 - Mount Airy Museum of regional history http://www.northcarolinamuseum.org/requestinfo.asp

Name Organization Address City State Zip Alabama-US Alaska-US Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Arizona-US Arkansas-US Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbajan Azores (Portugal) Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivia Bonaire (Netherlands Antillies) Bosnia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi California-US Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canary Islands Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Channel Islands Chile China - People's Republic of Colombia Colorado-US Congo - Democratic Republic of Congo - Republic of Connecticut-US Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Croatia Curacao (Netherlands Antillies) Cyprus Czech Republic Delware-US Denmark District Of Columbia-US Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador England Equatorial Guniea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faroe Islands (Denmark) Fiji Finland Florida-US France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georga-US Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland (Denmark) Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Hawaii-US Holland (Netherlands) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Idaho-US Illinois -US India Indiana-US Indonesia Iowa-US Ireland - Republic Of Israel Italy Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire) Jamaica Japan Jordan Kansas-US Kazakhstan Kentucky-US Kenya Kiribati Korea (South Korea) Kosrae (Federated States of Micronesia) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania Louisana-US Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Maderia (Portugal) Maine-US

38. Burundi History: Books On Burundi History Search results for burundi history, books on burundi history. Genocide andCrisis in Central Africa Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and regional War http://www.campusi.com/keyword_Burundi_History.htm

Find the best price on books. (with coupons) Search by: Keyword Title Author ISBN Advanced Search Rare Book Search Search Tips Browse Book Computer / Electronics New! Email Rare Book Movie Music ... Credit Card Search results for Keyword: Burundi History Total Results: Cannot find your book? Try Rare Book Search or free Locate book service Burundi : Ethnic Conflict and Genocide ISBN: Author: Rene Lemarchand Reni Lemarchand Lee H. Hamilton (Editor) Publisher: Cambridge University Press Edition: Paperback Format: Textbook Number of pages: 232 All Editions Similar Books compare prices ... Burundi on the Brink 1993-95 : A UN Special Envoy Reflects on Preventive Diplomacy ISBN: Author: Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah Publisher: United States Institute of Peace Press Format: Paperback Number of pages: 170 All Editions Similar Books compare prices ... Burundi ISBN: Author: Morna Daniels Edition: Binding Format: Library All Editions Similar Books compare prices ... African Peace Process : Mandela, South Africa, and Burundi ISBN: Author: Roger Southall Kristina Bentley Format: Paperback All Editions Similar Books compare prices ... Century of Genocide : Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views ISBN: Author: Samuel Totten William S. Parsons

39. II Journal: Convergent Catastrophes In Central Africa Since 1993, with the election and assassination of President Ndadaye in burundi, Both approaches neglect to place these events in regional history, http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/journal/vol4no2/cenaf.html

Convergent Catastrophes in Central Africa By David Newbury David Newbury is a faculty member in History, University of North Carolina. The following article is adapted from an internet posting to "NUAFRICA: Program in African Studies Mailing List," on November 3, 1996. The peoples of Central Africa face yet another human catastrophe. Since 1993, with the election and assassination of President Ndadaye in Burundi, the genocide in Rwanda, and the accumulation of massive refugee communities in Zaire and Tanzania, Central Africa has appeared frequently, if sporadically, in the headlines. But the political transformation of the region has now moved into a new stage. Understanding the current situation requires reaching out to include an understanding of the internal politics of Zaire and the policies of the external powers in the region. In fact, the peoples of the region are faced with a new series of "convergent catastrophes" which are both independent in origin and interdependent in their evolution. This analysis, written within the first week of the latest crisis in Zaire, tries to sketch out the complex parameters of these various dramas. Though much has happened in the weeks since this short assessment was written, the basic contours presented here are still valid; it may, therefore, still be useful to retain a view of the broader regional and historical perspective presented here, for the events of November 1996 may well have powerful repercussions on the political and social transformations yet to come.

40. CARPE Web Page CARPE history The USAID Central African regional Program for the Environment (CARPE)is a Five other countries were later added burundi, Cameroon, http://carpe.umd.edu/overview2004/history_2004.asp

Central African Regional Program for the Environment Home Overview Implementation Participants ... Resources OVERVIEW What is CARPE? History Organizational Chart CARPE History The USAID Central African Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) is a 20-year regional initiative that began in September 1995. See also: CARPE News Goals Where CARPE Works CARPE was intended to coordinate work on identifying and establishing the conditions and practices required to reduce deforestation and loss of biological diversity in Central Africa. Although CARPE has been a nine-country, thirteen-partner project, under the new Strategic Objective the number of partners has increased. Its U.S.-based partners work with African NGOs, research and education organizations, government agencies, and private-sector consultants. Through these partners CARPE has engaged a variety of African stakeholders in evaluating threats to forests in Central Africa and identifying opportunities for sustainable forest management. After seven years of operation, CARPE is shifting its strategic focus and changing the location of its management functions. In its first phase, CARPE’s partners have focused on increasing our knowledge of Central African forests and biodiversity, and building institutional and human resources capacity. In the next thirteen years, however, CARPE partners aim to apply and implement sustainable natural resources management practices in the field with an added emphasis on the US contribution to the CBFP. CARPE will also improve environmental governance in the region, and strengthen natural resources monitoring capacity.

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