1. History Society And Culture Burundi Africa Regional History Society and Culture Burundi Africa Regional now available, find more information on History. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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9. DaVinci Regional Africa Burundi Society And Culture History Regional, Africa, Burundi, Society and Culture, History can be found in the links section at DaVinci ODP! http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Country History – Burundi Of particular interest are the simplified regional map (see where the A chronology of important events in the history of burundi given by year (and for http://africanhistory.about.com/od/burundi/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help African History Region: East Africa Burundi Homework Help African History Essentials A Gazetteer of African Independence ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the African History newsletter! See Online Courses Search African History Country History – Burundi From the 16th century Urundi was ruled by the minority Tutsi with the majority Hutu as their serfs. It was merged with Rwanda and controlled by Germany, as Deutsche Ostafrika , from 1884 and then transferred to Belgium in 1919. In 1946 it became a UN trust territory, split from Rwanda in 1959, and gained full independence on 1 July 1962. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Background Notes: Burundi A useful potted history is included with these US Department of State Background Notes on Burundi. Also included is a range of political, economic, and geographical data, as well as information on its people, defence, and relations with the US. Burundi - a Country Profile from the BBC An extremely brief historical overview accompanies this BBC Country Profile of Burundi. Of particular interest are the simplified regional map (see where the country is in Africa), a photograph of Burundi’s current Chief of State, and details about the countries media.

11. Burundi A sixnation regional proposal to send troops into burundi to maintain peace and burundi history - history The Twa were the original inhabitants of http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107374.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 19, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Burundi Infoplease Atlas: Burundi Republic of Burundi National name: Republika y'u Burundi President: Pierre Nkurunziza (2005) Area: 10,745 sq mi (27,830 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 6,370,609 (growth rate: 2.2%); birth rate: 39.7/1000; infant mortality rate: 69.3/1000; life expectancy: 43.5; density per sq mi: 593 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bujumbura, 331,700 Other large city: Gitega, 45,700 Monetary unit: Burundi franc Languages: Kirundi and French (official), Swahili Ethnicity/race: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% Religions: Roman Catholic 62%, indigenous 23%, Islam 10%, Protestant 5%

12. History Of Burundi Provides a history of burundi from the 16th Century until present day. Widespread condemnation of the coup ensued, and regional countries imposed http://www.historyofnations.net/africa/burundi.html

History of Burundi Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy In the 16th century, Burundi was a kingdom characterized by a hierarchical political authority and tributary economic exchange. A king (mwani) headed a princely aristocracy (ganwa) which owned most of the land and required a tribute, or tax, from local farmers and herders. In the mid-18th century, this Tutsi royalty consolidated authority over land, production, and distribution with the development of the ubugabirea patron-client relationship in which the populace received royal protection in exchange for tribute and land tenure. Although European explorers and missionaries made brief visits to the area as early as 1856, it was not until 1899 that Burundi came under German East African administration. In 1916 Belgian troops occupied the area. In 1923, the League of Nations mandated to Belgium the territory of Ruanda-Urundi, encompassing modern-day Rwanda and Burundi. The Belgians administered the territory through indirect rule, building on the Tutsi-dominated aristocratic hierarchy. Following World War II, Ruanda-Urundi became a United Nations Trust Territory under Belgian administrative authority. After 1948, Belgium permitted the emergence of competing political parties. Two political parties emerged: the Union for National Progress (UPRONA), a multi-ethnic party led by Tutsi Prince Louis Rwagasore and the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) supported by Belgium. In 1961, Prince Rwagasore was assassinated following an UPRONA victory in legislative elections.

13. Burundi - History And Politics burundi. Political System and history (updated February 2005) Several dayslater burundian political leaders and regional heads of state met in Kampala http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Burundi/Politics.html

Geographic Map General Information Geography Natural resources ... BURUNDI Political System and history (updated: February 2005) Constitution and political system Constitution - transitional, adopted by the National Assembly in November 2001. The document fuses the constitution adopted in March 1992 and modified in June 1998, with the agreement signed by 19 parties in Arusha, Tanzania in August 2000. The transitional constitution is due to be replaced by a new one following democratic elections. Legal system - based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law. Legislative branch - bicameral. The National Assembly consists of unelected deputies, most of which have been appointed by signatory parties to the Arusha agreement. The senate is also filled with appointees, though on a less exclusively party political basis. Elections - last held June 1993. New elections are scheduled for 2005, though this depends on the ending of the long-running civil war. Political groupings and alliances Main parties in government (Frodebu) (Uprona) Other parties in government and / or the legislature Alliance Burundo-Africaine pour le Salut (Abasa) (Anadde) Alliances des vaillants-Intwari (AV-Intwari) (CNDD) (Palipehutu) (PIT) (PL) Parti du Peuple (PP) (Raddes) Rassemblement pour le peuple du Burundi Main parties in conflict with government: (FDD) (FNL) Parti pour le redressement national (Parena) Political background Burundi's first inhabitants were hunter-gatherers who still eke out a marginal existence today, called Twa. As in neighbouring Rwanda, an indigenous cattle-owning class, later called Tutsi, began emerging around 1000 AD, supplemented by pastoralists of Nilotic origin, who began migrating south into modern-day Rwanda and Burundi during the following centuries. Cattle owners were in a minority, and those without, or who leased them in return for labour from Tutsis, were called Hutu. The words "Hutu" and "Tutsi" had other inter-related meanings too, which generally revolved around notions of patron-client relations.

14. Burundi (06/05) history In the 16th century, burundi was a kingdom characterized by a The 1993embargo placed on burundi by regional states negatively impacted its http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2821.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of African Affairs June 2005 Background Note: Burundi PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Burundi Geography Location: Central Africa. Bordering nations Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda. Area: 27,830 sq. km. (10,747 sq. mi.); about the size of Maryland. Cities: Capital Bujumbura (pop. 300,000). Other cities Cibitoke, Muyinga, Ngozi, Bubanza, Gitega, Bururi. Climate: Warm but not uncomfortable in Bujumbura; cooler in higher regions. Terrain: Hilly, rising from 780 meters (2,600 ft.) at the Shore of Lake Tanganyika to mountains more than 2,700 meters (9,000 ft.) above sea level. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Burundian(s). Population (2004 est.): 6.8 million. Annual growth rate (2004 est.): 2.2%. Ethnic groups (estimated): Hutu 85%; Tutsi 14%; Twa 1.0%. Religions (estimated): Roman Catholic 60%-65%; Protestant 10%-15%; traditional beliefs 15%-20%; Muslim 5%. Languages: Official Kirundi, French; other Kiswahili, English.

15. Africa Burundi Regional, Burundi burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, includingthe These publications include facts about the land, people, history, http://creekin.net/k7653-n30-africa-burundi-regional-burundi.html

Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact Africa Burundi Regional Burundi Principal Locations Bubanza Bujumbura Bururi Cankuzo ... Ruyigi Resources Burundi Genocide Rwanda Burundi History Burundi Tourism Burundi Rwanda ... Burundi Quotidien Africa Burundi Regional Burundi Government Burundi In Job Burundi In Job Burundi Government ... Burundi Tarjetas Africa Burundi Regional Burundi Quotidien Bujumbura Burundi Burundi Travel Vacation Burundi Picture ... Burundi Drum Africa Burundi Regional Africa Regional Services Read More U.S. Department of State Websites of U.S. Embassies and Consulates Read More ... Regional Environment Office for East Africa, U.S. Embassy REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT OFFICE FOR EAST AFRICA U.S. Embassy - P.O.Box 1014, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia E-mail: REO_East_Africa@state.gov [ Read More Burundi (06/05) Burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, including the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the African Union, and the African Development Bank, and became a member of COMESA, the free-tariff zone of eastern and southern Africa, in 2004. ... Read More U.S. Embassy websites - US Dept of State

16. Burundi History, Burundi Bujumbura burundi burundi Quotidien Africa burundi regional These publicationsinclude facts about the land, people, history, government, http://creekin.net/k7671-n30-burundi-history-burundi.html

Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact Burundi History Burundi Principal Locations Bubanza Bujumbura Bururi Cankuzo ... Ruyigi Resources Burundi Genocide Rwanda Burundi History Burundi Tourism Burundi Rwanda 1972 Burundi Genocide Burundi Site Web ... Burundi Tourism Burundi History Burundi Genocide Rwanda Burundi Menu Restaurant Burundi Security Situation Update Burundi Map ... Burundi Drum Burundi History Burundi (06/05) Read More Burundi Read More ... Background Notes These publications include facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, and foreign relations of independent states, some dependencies, and areas of special sovereignty. The Notes are updated/revised by the Office of Electronic Information and Publications of the Bureau of Public Affairs as they are received from the Department's regional bureaus and are added to the database of the Department of State website you are now using. ... [ Read More Department of State Washington File: Text: Clinton in Tanzania to Support Burundi Peace Efforts I look forward, Mr. President, to joining you and President Mandela and the other regional leaders shortly in your efforts to bring a lasting peace to Burundi, just the last chapter in the distinguished history that you have already made in such a short time. ... [ Read More Department of State Washington File: Text: Clinton August 28 Address at Burundi Peace Talks in Arusha "So I plead with you," Clinton said. "I've seen this in a lot of places, and it's always the same. You have to help your children remember their history, but you must not force them to relive their history. They deserve to live in their tomorrows, not in your yesterdays. ...

17. Congo, Democratic Republic Of The Regional Relations - Flags, Maps, Economy, His Democratic Republic of the regional Relations Flags, Maps, Economy, history,Climate, Mobutu also mediated disputes between burundi and Tanzania, http://www.photius.com/countries/congo_democratic_republic_of_the/government/con

Country Ranks INDEX for Congo, Democratic Republic of the Maps ... Feedback Congo, Democratic Republic of the Regional Relations http://www.photius.com/countries/congo_democratic_republic_of_the/government/congo_democratic_republic_of_the_government_regional_relations.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Congo, Democratic Republic of the Government Any African state must be concerned about relations with its neighbors, since national borders usually divide ethnic groups, and neighboring states often shelter opposition parties. Zaire's immediate environment poses a particular challenge in that Zaire borders on nine other states. Following the coup of 1965, one of Mobutu's early objectives was to transform Zaire's position in regional politics. He dispatched a former Lumumbist to Ghana to explain and justify the coup. Kwame Nkrumah (shortly before he himself was overthrown) indicated that he was prepared to accept and support the Mobutu regime, if it would commit itself to nonalignment and support a pro-African policy. A series of gestures during 1966-67 reinforced the nationalist image of the regime. Zaire broke relations with Portugal and declared Lumumba a "national hero." The Bakajika Law and the UMHK struggle conveyed a sense of assertion of Zairian economic rights. These moves helped to set the stage for the Mobutu regime's acceptance into the African family of nations, symbolized by the acceptance by the Organization of African Unity (OAU) of Mobutu's invitation to meet at Kinshasa in 1967. This acceptance in turn guaranteed that the fragmented remnants of the rebellious forces would be denied sanctuary.

18. Uganda Regional Cooperation - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Re Uganda regional Cooperation Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate, NaturalResources, which was established by Tanzania, Rwanda, and burundi in 1977. http://www.photius.com/countries/uganda/economy/uganda_economy_regional_cooperat

Country Ranks INDEX for Uganda History ... Feedback Uganda Regional Cooperation http://www.photius.com/countries/uganda/economy/uganda_economy_regional_cooperation.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Uganda Economy The Lomé Convention, a trade and aid agreement between the EEC and sixty-six African, Caribbean, and Pacific nations, including forty-five African countries, guaranteed duty-free entry to the EEC for specific commodities from these countries. Uganda has benefited from this agreement and assistance from the European Development Fund, which disbursed aid to member countries. In 1981 Uganda joined the Kagera Basin Organization, which was established by Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi in 1977. The organization's major goal was to develop 60,000 square kilometers of the Kagera River Basin, which extended into all four countries. Areas of interest to the organization included transport, agriculture, power, mining, hydroelectricity, and external finance, but by the late 1980s its programs were slowed by funding constraints. Six East African countries established IGADD in 1986. IGADD members included Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda. The organization's aim was to coordinate and channel funding into key regional programs addressing the issues of drought, desertification, and agricultural development. IGADD received approximately US$70 million in aid in 1987 but by 1989 had not yet completed any of its development and environmental projects.

19. UNESCO - PEER - Regional Programme Of Education For Emergencies, Communication A A list of potential members incorporating a larger regional representation should be The Conference on the history of burundi Research, Pedagogics and http://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/news/peer.htm

Home News and Events Projects Links ... UNESCO Prizes U NESCO P EER Regional Programme of Education for Emergencies, Communication and Culture of Peace The Following information is reprinted from the UNESCO PEER Newsletter: January - June 1999 C ulture of P eace N etwork UNESCO PEER has launched an initiative for the constitution of a Regional Culture of Peace Network (CPN) in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa. The underlying principle is that modalities and mechanisms of implementation of a culture of peace or conflict resolution are to be reinforced at three levels: decision-makers, intellectuals, grassroots organizations and communities. CPN's purpose is threefold: To develop a common understanding and vision for the culture of peace networks in the Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region. To promote mutually empowering relationships and strategies for action. To provide an information databank, act as an information clearing house for the network and to develop a directory and website. The first CPN meeting took place in Nairobi on 12 April 1999 and comprised 20 local NGOs involved in various activities in Kenya ranging from conflict resolution to peace education, the promotion of inter-religious dialogue and gender issues.

20. Encyclopedia Of African History Outlines of regional history PanAfrican/Comparative Topics and Debates.Early Pre-history burundi Independence to 1988 burundi 1988 to Present http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication. Early Pre-History Later Pre-History and Ancient History Iron Age to End of 18th Century: North Africa Iron Age to End of 18th Century: Western Africa ... Pan-African/Comparative Topics and Debates Early Pre-History Climate and Vegetational Change Humankind: Hominids, Early: Origins of Olduwan and Acheulian: Early Stone Age Permanent Settlement, Early Rock Art: Eastern Africa Rock Art, Saharan Rock Art: Southern Africa Rock Art: Western and Central Africa Stone Age (Later): Central and Southern Africa Stone Age (Later): Eastern Africa Stone Age (Later): Nile Valley Stone Age (Later): Sahara and North Africa Stone Age (Later): Western Africa Stone Age, Middle: Cultures back to top Later Pre-History and Ancient History Akhenaten Aksum, Kingdom of

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