21. Burundi And The Crisis In Central Africa burundi and the Crisis in Central africa. Volume 2, Number 13 The US hasneglected to confront the culture of impunity for human rights violations that http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol2/v2n13bur_body.html

Burundi and the Crisis in Central Africa Volume 2, Number 13 January 1997 Written by Stephen Weissman, Professor of African Studies at Howard University, non-resident Senior Associate with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Editors: Tom Barry (IRC) and Martha Honey (IPS) 13ifbrnd.pdf Key Problems Colonial-induced animosities and subsequent competition among ethnic elites have fueled a three-decade-long political conflict in Burundi, turning the country into a powder keg primed by fears for personal security. Since 1993 some 150,000 Burundian civilians have been murdered in spreading genocidal conflicts in Central Africa. The international community, which failed to act when the crisis began, now faces a major challenge in Burundi and, more widely, in Central Africa. This undercut the political legitimacy of those Hutu moderates committed to peaceful change. Former FRODEBU Minister Leonard Nyangoma responded by organizing the CNDD, a Hutu-led political movement- cum Problems with Current U.S. Policy

22. Burundi Vacation Guide: Romantic Burundi Vacations, Burundi Honeymoons africa Luxury Vacations Call 1 415- 446 5252 to book. burundi culture.Population 6054714 note estimates for this country explicitly take into http://www.travelwizard.com/africa/Burundi_Culture.html

Africa Luxury Vacations: Call 1- 415- 446 5252 to book. Open every day! Africa Vacations Botswana Vacations Egypt Vacations Ethiopia Vacations ... Bookmark this page Burundi: Culture Population: 6,054,714 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2000 est.) Nationality: noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundi Ethnic groups: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 Religions: Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10% Languages: Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35.3% male: 49.3% female: 22.5% (1995 est.) Burundi Overview Burundi History Burundi Culture Burundi Geography ... Burundi Practical Info Search Your Vacation, Tour or Cruise Click here to book your Luxury Africa Vacation Click here to submit a vacation planner to our Virtuoso Travel Specialists Luxury Safari's and Tours of Africa Africa Tour Vacation Packages Full Service Luxury Vacation Planner Click here to save money, time and stress planning, making reservations, or booking your luxury vacation with our full

23. Afrika.no - The Index On Africa - Culture Features news on and links to all countries in africa. With sections on culture,Development, Economy, You are here Countries burundi culture http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Burundi/Culture/

find: in Entire afrika.no Index on Africa News Update Norske sider English Pages Culture advanced search Fellesrådet The Index on Africa Africa News Update ... English You are here: Countries Burundi : Culture Culture Art, literature, music, religion, sport, languages and way of life. Afromix Music Guide Comprehensive Afro-Caribbean discography organised by artists, countries, instruments, labels, styles and year. Lists artists, bands and traditional music. In English, French and Spanish. Ethnologue Language Database Extensive web catalogue of languages of Burundi. Site includes bookstore for printed publications, language maps and a country specific language bibliography. Updated every 4 years. By SIL International. Heritage Assciation Culltural Association: promote and encourage the Burundian and Rwandan cultural through events, meetings and media. In French. Search for Links: More search options Keyword: Search in: this category and subcategories the entire Index on Africa The Norwegian Council for Africa Osterhausgt. 27 N-0183 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 22989312 Fax: +47 22989301 Email: afrika@afrika.no

24. BBC NEWS | World | Africa | Country Profiles | Country Profile: Burundi La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de burundi (RTNB) government controlled Radio CCIB+ - operated by burundi Chamber of Commerce; Radio culture http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1068873.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Newswatch LANGUAGES Arabic Somali French More Last Updated: Friday, 19 August 2005, 10:22 GMT 11:22 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Country profile: Burundi Since independence in 1961 Burundi has been plagued by tension between the dominant Tutsi minority and the Hutu majority and has been the scene of one of Africa's most intractable conflicts. The country is now beginning to reap the dividends of a peace process, with only one rebel group remaining active in the countryside around the capital. It faces the formidable tasks of reviving the shattered economy and of forging national unity. OVERVIEW FACTS LEADERS MEDIA In 1993 Burundi seemed poised to enter a new era when, in their first democratic elections, Burundians chose their first Hutu head of state, Melchior Ndadaye, and a parliament dominated by the Hutu Front for Democracy in Burundi (Frodebu) party. But within months Ndadaye had been assassinated, setting the scene for years of Hutu-Tutsi violence in which an estimated 300,000 people, most of them civilians, were killed. In early 1994 parliament elected another Hutu, Cyprien Ntaryamira, as president. But he was killed in April alongside the president of neighbouring Rwanda when the plane they were travelling in was shot down over Kigali.

25. Africa - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Rather than one culture, africa has a number of cultures that overlap. burundi Central african Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa

Africa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Africa portal This article is about the continent; for other things named Africa, see Africa (disambiguation) A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the world 's second-largest continent and second most populous after Asia . At about 30,244,050 km² mi² ) including its adjacent islands, it covers 20.3 percent of the total land area on Earth . With over 800 million human inhabitants in 54 countries, it accounts for about one seventh of the world human population Contents Etymology Geography History Politics ... edit Etymology World map showing location of Africa The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans , who used the name Africa terra — "land of the Afri" (plural, or "Afer" singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage , corresponding to modern-day Tunisia The origin of Afer may either come from: the Phoenician `afar , dust; the Afri, a tribe—possibly Berber —who dwelt in North Africa in the Carthage area; the Greek word aphrike , meaning without cold (see also List of traditional Greek place names or the Latin word aprica , meaning sunny.

26. Burundi - Warm Africa Directory Top Regional africa burundi. Arts and Entertainment (0); Business and Economy Usenet soc.culture.african news - Google Groups. Inside Warm africa http://www.warmafrica.com/directory/index.php/Regional/Africa/Burundi/

27. Africa: Arts & Culture: African Television, TV And Radio africa Arts culture african Television, TV and Radio. Algeria, Angola,Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, CAR, Chad http://www.clickafrique.com/Arts/Television.asp

Home News Forum Directory ... Flag/Maps/Info An E-Community for Africa >E-Mail to a friend >Can't Find it - Ask Us ! Search ClickAfrique Quick Links Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde CAR Chad Comoros Congo Congo DR Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Principe Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome SADR Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Central Africa Eastern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Africa (General) Subject Accomodation Airlines Athletics Basketball Banks Boxing Car Hire Companies Countries Country Guides Cricket Culture Dance E-Commerce Education Embassy Film Finance Football Galleries Game Reserves Games Government Hardware Health History Hotels Insurance Investment ISPs Finance Jobs Language Magazine Mobile Phones Museums Music News Newspapers Organistions PC People Portals Property Nature Reserves Radio Resorts Shipping Software Television Theatre Tourism Office Tourist Agencies Trade Gifts and Special Offers : O% APR Offers on UK Credit Cards. Apply online for an immediate decision.

28. Africa: Arts & Culture: African Theatre, Drama, Plays, Playwright Resources africa Arts culture african Theatre, Drama, Plays, Playwright Resources. Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, burundi, Cameroon http://www.clickafrique.com/Arts/Theatre.asp

Home News Forum Directory ... Flag/Maps/Info An E-Community for Africa >E-Mail to a friend >Can't Find it - Ask Us ! Search ClickAfrique Quick Links Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde CAR Chad Comoros Congo Congo DR Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Principe Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome SADR Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Central Africa Eastern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Africa (General) Subject Accomodation Airlines Athletics Basketball Banks Boxing Car Hire Companies Countries Country Guides Cricket Culture Dance E-Commerce Education Embassy Film Finance Football Galleries Game Reserves Games Government Hardware Health History Hotels Insurance Investment ISPs Finance Jobs Language Magazine Mobile Phones Museums Music News Newspapers Organistions PC People Portals Property Nature Reserves Radio Resorts Shipping Software Television Theatre Tourism Office Tourist Agencies Trade Gifts and Special Offers : O% APR Offers on UK Credit Cards. Apply online for an immediate decision.

29. Regional: Africa: Burundi: Society And Culture - Open Site Regional africa burundi Society and culture Open Site. http://open-site.org/Regional/Africa/Burundi/Society_and_Culture/

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Burundi/Society_and_Culture Top Regional Africa Burundi : Society and Culture Demographics This category needs an editor - apply here Open Site Code 0.5.3 robot company. Visit our sister sites dmoz.org mozilla.org chefmoz.org musicmoz.org ... edit

30. Regional: Africa: Burundi: Society And Culture: Demographics - Open Site Regional africa burundi Society and culture Demographics Open Site. http://open-site.org/Regional/Africa/Burundi/Society_and_Culture/Demographics/

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Society_and_Culture/Demographics Top Regional Africa Burundi ... Society and Culture : Demographics Statistics Demographic Indicators: 2000 and 2025 Births per 1,000 population.................... 40 31 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 19 13 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 2.2 1.8 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 2.1 1.8 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 42.7 50.9 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 75 45 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 6.2 3.9 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate Midyear Population, by Age and Sex: 2000 and 2025 (Population in thousands) AGE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL 5,714 2,824 2,889 10,090 5,056 5,033

31. Africa: Definition And Much More From Answers.com In 1962 Algeria, burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda became independent nations. Rather than one culture, africa has a number of cultures that overlap. http://www.answers.com/topic/africa

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Geography WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Africa Dictionary Af·ri·ca ăf rÄ­-kə The second-largest continent, lying south of Europe between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. Encyclopedia Africa ăf rÄ­kə ) , second largest continent, c.11,677,240 sq mi (30,244,050 sq km) including adjacent islands; 1997 est. pop. 743,000,000. Broad to the north (c.4,600 mi/7,400 km wide), Africa straddles the equator and stretches c.5,000 mi (8,050 km) from Cape Blanc (Tunisia) in the north to Cape Agulhas (South Africa) in the south. It is connected with Asia by the Sinai Peninsula (from which it is separated by the Suez Canal) and is bounded on the N by the Mediterranean Sea, on the W and S by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the E and S by the Indian Ocean. The largest offshore island is Madagascar; other islands include St. Helena and Ascension in the S Atlantic Ocean; S£o Tom©, Pr­ncipe, Annob³n, and Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea; the Cape Verde, Canary, and Madeira islands in the N Atlantic Ocean; and Mauritius, R©union, Zanzibar, Pemba, and the Comoros and Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. Geology and Geography The continent's largest rivers are the Nile (the world's longest river), the Congo, the Niger, the Zambezi, the Orange, the Limpopo, and the Senegal. The largest lakes are Victoria (the world's second largest freshwater lake), Tanganyika, Albert, Turkana, and Nyasa (or Malawi), all in E Africa; shallow Lake Chad, the largest in W Africa, shrinks considerably during dry periods. The lakes and major rivers (most of which are navigable in stretches above the escarpment of the plateau) form an important inland transportation system.

32. Trinicenter.com - Hutus, Tutsis Crisis to Ugandaall the way to South africa, in the same culture, Izangola said . The Belgians, who ruled what would later become Rwanda and burundi, http://www.trinicenter.com/WorldNews/Burundi.htm

- Pick a Site - Trinicenter TriniView Pantrinbago Online Forum RaceandHistory HowComYouCom February 27, 2001 Compiled By Trinicenter News Hutus, Tutsis /Burundi Crisis Map of Burundi BBC: Burundi Timeline Online Forums Trini-Board ... HowComYouCom.com Amon Hotep - Articles and letters we published in 1999 which I think would give a good insight into the Burundi crisis. According to many scholars, Hutus first settled in the Great Lakes region of Central Africa between five hundred and one thousand BC. Generally speaking, Hutus were an agricultural people who lived in large family groups. The Tutsis, also known as Watutsis, were a nomadic people who began arriving in the Great Lakes region from Ethiopia some four hundred years ago. Eventually, the Tutsis settled amongst the Hutus - adopting their language, beliefs and customs. But economic differences between the groups soon began to form. The Tutsis as cattle-herders were often in a position of economic dominance to the soil-tilling Hutus. That is not to say that all Tutsis were wealthy and all Hutus were poor, but in many areas, like Rwanda, the minority Tutsis ruled the Hutus. According to some historians, like Congolese Professor George Izangola, the only difference between the two groups were economic, rather than ethnic. In a 1996 interview with Charlayne Hunter Gault, Professor Izangola explained:

33. Civil Society Report On Culture Of Peace-page 4 PROGRESS When looking at the entire continent of africa, some accounts tend has been recorded in the culture of peace and nonviolence in burundi. Â our http://decade-culture-of-peace.org/report/report4.html

PROGRESS AND OBSTACLES IN AFRICA (Based on data from 80 national organizations from Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tchad, Togo and Uganda, as well as regional organizations including the Organisation Panafricaine des Femmes and the Federation of African Women’s Peace Networks, which have member organizations in many states). PROGRESS: When looking at local situations where organizations are active, except for two accounts from Somalia and the Niger Delta, the accounts are mostly positive. A Nigerian organization writes, “There has been tremendous progress towards a culture of peace in my state especially this year that is mid of the decade. The indicators to measure this progress are, 1. People returning to their homes after fleeing due to incidents of gun battles that occurred in those domains. 2. Economic activities resuming. 3. The youths that were at each others throat, publicly embracing each other and swearing an oath that the hostilities would not return. 4. The state government diverting their attention to developmental activities and utilizing funds to pursue developmental activities.” An organization from Ghana writes, “We have been successful bringing about peace between three rural and tropical villages in Ghana. They have also been educated on the importance of tolerance ... The communities now meet together to discuss development issues which was non existent previously as there were conflict and litigation.”

34. Atlas - Burundi Map burundi Map, History, culture, People, Population, Climate, Economy, burundi,landlocked republic, eastern africa, bordered on the north by Rwanda, http://www.map.freegk.com/burundi/burundi.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Introduction People History Culture ... Disputes Burundi Plants and Animal Back to Top Savanna vegetation predominates in most of the nation. Eucalyptus, acacia, and oil palm are the most common trees. Forests, once considerable, are now concentrated in national parks and nature reserves. The various wildlife is limited by dense human settlement and includes elephants, leopards, hippopotamuses, crocodiles, antelope, monkeys, and flying lemurs. Burundi Communications Back to Top Primitive system Domestic: sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay International: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat. Burundi Culture Back to Top The valuableness of Burundian culture is apparent in a strong literary and musical tradition and a wide range of fine crafts. Little government funding for cultural activities is available. The major libraries are at the University of Burundi, the American Cultural Center, and the French Cultural Center in Bujumbura and the Burundi Literature Center in Gitega. The most valuable museums are Bujumbura’s Living Museum and the National Museum in Gitega. Much of Burundi's valuable cultural heritage, most notably folk songs and dances, was intended to extol the virtues of kingship; since the fall of the monarchy in 1966 and particularly after a massacre of Hutu in 1972, such cultural expression has waned. The annual sorghum festival was once the occasion for a magnificent display of orthodox dances by court dancers, with the Karyenda, an emblem of the monarchy, intended to give both musical and symbolic resonance to the ceremony.

35. Swahili It is spoken in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, burundi, and the Democratic They are encouraged to discuss culture as well as news from africa. http://www.msu.edu/~linglang/swahili.htm

36. Africa Online burundi World Bank announces US $1.5 billion in debt relief AuthorSpecialCorrespondent Date200508-10 Regional africa Nigeria Society and culture http://www.africaonline.com/index.php?mode=getarticle&itemNo=9023181

37. Open Directory Project > Regional> Africa> Burundi> africatower Directory Project. Search. Top Regional africa burundi Usenet soc.culture.african news - Google Groups http://www.africatower.com/directory/odp.php?browse=/Regional/Africa/Burundi/

38. Study Abroad, Burundi Study Abroad In burundi Comprehensive directory of study abroad programs inburundi. Find fast facts weather, maps, culture, study abroad info! http://www.studyabroad.com/africa/burundi.html

Intern Abroad/Volunteer Intersession Language Programs: French Language Programs Other Language Programs Graduate Programs Burundi Map ... Contact Information Current Weather Burundi Study Abroad Programs Select a Program Intern Abroad/Volunteer Intersession French Language Programs Other Language Programs Graduate Programs Welcome to the StudyAbroad.com Burundi Home Page The Burundi Home Page is the place for students (college, high school and all others) seeking study abroad, language abroad, intern abroad, and volunteer abroad opportunities. Find Burundi study abroad programs! Review the Burundi travel guides! Find fast facts: weather, maps, culture, study abroad info! Expose yourself to the world! Study Abroad Programs in Burundi Burundi map Sign up to receive Studyabroad.com EXPRESS! A free weekly newsletter, Express! will deliver only the best study abroad program information, special offers, financial aid information, travel announcements and study abroad deals! Click Here to Subscribe!!! Study Abroad Programs in Burundi Intern Abroad/Volunteer in Burundi Summer Study in Burundi ... Graduate Programs Sign up to receive StudyAbroad.com EXPRESS!

39. Regional Meeting On Arts Education In Africa: UNESCO Culture Sector Brochure Cultural heritage, creativity and education for all in africa burundi. L’enseignement de la littérature en général et de la poésie en http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22114&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECT

LEA International International community Regional pedagogical conferences Regional Meeting on arts education in Africa var static_ko="22114"; var static_section="201"; var static_langue="en"; LEA International Disciplines Dance Literature ... Activities per Country and Experts Network guest (Read) Regional Meeting on arts education in Africa This regional meeting on arts education in the school and out-of-school environment took place within the framework of the World Conference for All, Dakar, Senegal. Background information Principal guidelines Preparation of the Conference Profile of the participants Organizers Documents based on the conclusions of the Conference Brochure: Cultural heritage, creativity and education for all in Africa Action Plan: Action plan Report of the Conference: Report of the Conference List of participants: List of participants Case studies presented for discussion at the Conference South Africa Opening adress by Dr. Ben Ngubane, Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology Placing culture on the National Agenda by Mr. Steven Sack, Director, Cultural Development, South African Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST) Australia New Paradigms: The Arts in the Core Secondary Curriculum - Cutting Edge Research and Practice in Australia and the United States by Ms Lindy Joubert, Director Asia Pacific Confederation of Arts Education

40. Program Faculty - African Studies @ The University Of Wisconsin-Madison in Tanzania and in francophone africa including Cameroon, burundi, Rwanda, Sharon Hutchinson, Religion and culture in africa and classics in http://africa.wisc.edu/local/faculty.htm

Program Faculty African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Site Guide Events Calendar About the Program Opportunities at Wisconsin Campus and Local Resources ... ASP Home Affiliated faculty are listed by department. Scroll down the page or click on the department's name [if known] immediately below. In most instances, the faculty members name is an active "mailto" link. Clicking on department's name in the faculty listing itself will send you to that department's website. Departments with Affiliated Faculty African Languages and Literature Afro-American Studies Agricultural and Applied Economics Agronomy ... Moneera Al-Ghadeer Arabic language and literature; literary theory; francophone literature and post-colonial studies; feminist philosophy (Research on North Africa) Patrick R. Bennett Professor Emeritus Hazel Carter Professor Emerita Dustin Cowell Arabic language and literature; Medieval Arabic poetry and Hispano-Arabic studies (Research in Tunisia, Mauritania, and Egypt) Magdalena Hauner Swahili and Bantu linguistics (Research in Kenya and Tanzania) Linda Hunter Linguistics, language in society, Hausa. (Research in Nigeria and Sierra Leone)

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