81. Huachuca Illustrated, Volume 2, 1996: The Yaqui Fight In Bear Valley Chronicles the clash between an american Cavalry detachment and a band of Yaqui Indians, which is reported to be the last fight between the US Army and Native americans. Includes photos. http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/comment/huachuca/HI2-05.htm

Huachuca Illustrated, vol 1, 1993: chuca Illustrat chuca Illustrat Buffalo Soldiers at Huachuca: The Yaqui Fight in Bear Valley chuca Illustrat Reported from Douglas, Arizona, 'January 10, 1915, that a detachment of American Cavalry sent into Bear, Valley,' 25 miles west of Nogales to observe trails, clashed with a band of Yaqui Indians, captured ten, one of whom died in a hospital at Nogales of wound, according to a telegram from the commander at Nogales.( This terse report from the commander of the Southern Department at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, to the War Department in Washington is the only official record of what some believe is the last fight between the U.S. Army and Indians. Yaqui Indian Camp at Agua Prieta, Sonora, Mexico, in November 1915. The Yaqui Indians of northern Sonora, Mexico, had for many years been fighting the Mexican government, insisting on their independence. They would commonly cross the border and migrate to Tucson where they would find work in the citrus groves. With their wages they would buy arms with which to fight their revolution and smuggle them back into Mexico. The military governor of Sonora, General Plutarco Elias Calles, had informally asked the U.S. government to help put a stop to that. gun-running. The Indians route into the U.S. skirted the mining towns ot Ruby, Arivaca and Oro Blanco, not far from the U.S. Army's Camp Stephen D. Little at Nogales. The Indian presence had on several occasions alarmed miners and ranchers in the area who unexpectedly happened upon the Yaquis or found a cow or two butchered on the range. Accordingly, the Nogales subdistrict commander, Colonel J.C. Friers, 35th Infantry, ordered increased patrolling in this area.

82. Buffalo Soldiers And Black Cowboys Black cowboys and buffalo soldiers, history, lore and legend, Portraits inBlackThe buffalo soldiers - African Americans on America s Western Frontier http://www.geocities.com/cott1388/black-cowboy.html

As the American west opened up, it was a beckoning "golden door" of opportunity to thousands of people craving a fresh start, and a chance for a future on their own. Not only young white men (and some families) feeling crowded in the East, but countless non-whites, too. It has been estimated that at least 1/6 and perhaps as high as 1/3 of all the emigrants to the West were African-American, and/or mixed blood individuals. Some traced their citizenship / freedom to colonial times, others bought themselves from their masters, some were freed by law or proclamation, others "purchased" their freedom with their feet. Their story is an exciting one, and increasing scholarship is honing in on their crucial role. Here are some study sources to browse thru. The Other All-Americans An all-American Epic ~ One Day to be Told BlackWest - Herb Ruffin: Africans in the America West ~ Claremont (CGU) Black Cowboys of Texas - Sara Massey's just-published best seller Black Frontiers: A History of African American Heroes in the Old West Otis Young of TV's The Outcasts (series) The Black Cowboys - John Wukovits tells the of these rugged old west cowboys Jim Beckwourth and the Beckwourth Trail - a Sierra route to the Gold Country Jim Beckwourth and the War Horse Ranch - the story of a trail blazer to northern California Black Pioneers, Settlers, Cowboys and Outlaws

83. Buffalo Soldier - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia African american Topics. history. African american history buffalo Soldiersis a nickname originally applied to the 10th Cavalry, formed on September 21 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers

84. Default Museum of Afroamerican history - Boston On the Trail of the buffalo Soldier Biographies of African americans in the US Army, 1866-1917 http://www.aawar.net/

African American Warriors Table of Contents Medal of Honor The American Revolution Civil War Buffalo Soldiers ... Reverse Links Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor is the highest Medal of Honor Awarded by the Government of the United States of America. Recently, President Clinton belatedly awarded the medal to a number of black WW2 vets. The nominees are: 1st Lt. Vernon J. Baker, 76, of St. Maries, Idaho, the only one of the seven men still alive; 1st Lt. John R. Fox of Boston; 1st Lt. Charles L. Thomas of Detroit; Pvt. George Watson of Birmingham, Ala.; Staff Sgt. Edward A. Carter Jr. of Los Angeles; Pfc. Willy F. James Jr. of Kansas City, Kan.; and Staff Sgt. Ruben Rivers of Tecumseh, Okla. Here are some links related to the medal, these and other black recipients. Sargeant William Carney Short Biography Protrayal on Film Museum of Afro-American history - Boston National archives and records administration - Medal of honor recipient ... National archives and records administration - Blacks in the civil war Lt. John R. Fox The 366th Infantry Regiment and Lt. John R. Fox

85. VisionQuest® buffalo soldiers of history. Wild buffaloes African Americans have served inthe United States Army since the Revolutionary War. http://www.vq.com/overview_buffalosoldierhistory.htm

Buffalo Soldiers of History "Wild Buffaloes" African Americans have served in the United States Army since the Revolutionary War. They were, however, segregated in all black units until the Korean War. In 1866, Congress approved legislation creating six all African-American Army regiments: two cavalry (the 9th and 10 th ) and four infantry (the 38 th th th and 41 st ). These units represented the first African-American professional soldiers in a peace-time army. Some of the recruits for the new units were formerly slaves. Many others served in the Union Army during the Civil War. Another reorganization of the Army a short time later led to the merger of the four infantry regiments into two units: the 24 th and 25 th The nickname "Buffalo Soldiers" was originally given to the 10th Cavalry by Cheyenne warriors out of respect for their fierce fighting in 1867. The Native-American term used was actually "Wild Buffaloes", which was translated to "Buffalo Soldiers." In time, all African-American Soldiers became known as "Buffalo Soldiers." Despite second-class treatment these soldiers made up first-rate regiments of the highest caliber and had the lowest desertion rate in the Army. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, these units were consistently assigned to the harshest and most desolate posts. They were sent to subdue Mexican revolutionaries, outlaws, comancheros, rustlers, and hostile Native Americans; to explore and map the Southwest; to string telegraph lines; and to establish frontier outposts around which future towns and cities grew.

86. African Americans Encyclopedia Smithsonian African american history and Culture The BlackPress soldiers Without Swords history of the African american press in the http://www.teacheroz.com/African_Americans.htm

Updated July 19, 2003 Black Facts Online! AFRO-AMERICAN STUDIES AT PENN Africa in the Americas The African-American Mosaic Exhibition (Library of Congress) ... Africa Reparations Movement PROMINENT AFRICAN AMERICANS Prominent African Americans African-American Achievers African American Heroes - 1750-1860 African American Leaders Since 1945 ... Women in History - MaryMcLeod Bethune biography - For more on African American women, check out my Women page. For more info, please check specific sections below. BLACK HISTORY MONTH History of Black History Month Teaching African-American History Black History Month - AOL SITE Education First: Black History Activities ... Celebrate African American History Month - A National Register of Historical Landmarks AFRICAN-AMERICAN EDUCATION The College Fund UNCF Home Page African American Universities and Colleges Minority Graduate Homecoming Magazine: Networking for the Black Graduate AFRICANS IN AMERICA TIMELINE: African American History, 1852-1880 Africans in America Africans in America: 1450-1750 Coombs: Black EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA ... Homecoming - Chronicle of African-American Farming and Land Loss For much more on the roles of African-Americans in U.S. history, check out specific topics and time periods on my Table of Contents page.

87. AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN MILITARY HISTORY/Buffalo Soldiers Hargrove, Hondon B. buffalo soldiers in Italy Black Americans in World War II . Jackson, Jesse Jr. A Social history of the Tenth Cavalry, 19311941. http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/afhist/afbuf.htm

88. AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN MILITARY HISTORY/World War II Hargrove, Hondon B. buffalo soldiers in Italy Black Americans in World War II . history Recovered (World War II). soldiers 531618 February 1998. http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/afhist/afwwii.htm

AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN MILITARY HISTORY Table of Contents Internet Resources Videos General History ... World War II WORLD WAR II General Information Tuskegee Airmen GENERAL INFORMATION Books Biggs, Bradley. The Triple Nickels: America's First All-Black Paratroop Unit . Hamden, CT, Archon Books, 1986. 92 p. Book call no.: 940.541273 B592t Brandt, Nat. Harlem at War: the Black Experience in WW II . Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 1996. 277 p. Book call no.: 305.896073 B821h Buchanan, A. Russell. Black Americans in World War II . Santa Barbara, CA, Clio Books, 1977. 148 p. Book call no.: 940.5403 B918b Dunn, James A. On Board the USS Mason: The World War II Diary of James A. Dunn , edited by Mansel G. Blackford. Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1996. 130 p. Book call no.: 940.545973 D923o Ferguson, William C. Black Flyers in World War II . Cleveland, OH, W. C. Ferguson, 1987. 64 p. Book call no.: 358.5 F353b Hargrove, Hondon B. Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II . Jefferson, NC, McFarland, 1985. 199 p.

89. Buffalo Soldiers buffalo soldiers Here you will find history and lore of the Famous buffalo buffalo soldiers America s Unsung Heroes An extensive resource about http://www.archaeolink.com/buffalo_soldiers_black_cowboys_b.htm

Buffalo Soldiers Home Americana American Revolutionary War American Colonial Times General Resources for American History Historically Important American Documents ... Historic American Maps The Western Expansion American Western Expansion General Resources Buffalo Soldiers Black Cavalry Chinese Arrival in America Orphan Trains ... Coming of the Iron Horses The Great 19th Century 19th Century American General Resources 19th Century American Industrialization/The Gilded Age 19th Century American Immigrants America's Victorian Age The Civil War American Civil War General resources American Civil War Lesson Plans Please Note: If you sometimes get an error message when clicking on a large text link, don't give up. Try the URL link instead. There are times when the large text link doesn't "take" for some reason, thus the built-in redundancy. Thank you. Buffalo Soldiers Here you will find history and lore of the Famous Buffalo Soldiers of the American West. "The Plains Indians began to call the Black cavalrymen 'Buffalo Soldiers' and the troopers accepted the title and wore it proudly. To be associated with the fighting spirit of the Indian's sacred buffalo was a measure of respect." You will also find a list of Medal of Honor recipients from the 9th and 10th Calvary Units. - From zianet.com - http://www.zianet.com/wblase/courier/buffalo.htm

90. U.S. Department Of Defense Official Website buffalo Soldier s Role Replayed at Fort Belvoir. Army Master Sgt. Lee N. Coffee Jr.WASHINGTON, ESL Sailors Celebrate Africanamerican history Month http://www.defenselink.mil/home/features/bhm2005.html

Sep. 19, 2005 War on Terror Transformation News Products Press Resources ... Presidential Proclamation "We honor the determination and commitment of generations of African Americans in pursuing the promises of America." President George W. Bush The U.S. Army Web site created this multi-media presentation, African Americans in the U.S. Army, to honor the contributions and sacrifices African Americans have made. Click here Sailors Attend African-American Heritage Story Soldiers Celebrate African-American Month CAMP VICTORY , Iraq, Feb. 25, 2005 — The Multi-National Corps-Iraq Equal Opportunity and Human Relations office held a luncheon saluting African-American History Month Feb. 22 in the Al-Faw Palace Ballroom here. Story African American Heroes Honored MONTGOMERY, Ala., Feb. 24, 2005 – Past and present heroes were honored as part of the Defense Department's "Taking the Pentagon to the People" National African-American History Month observance at the Embassy Suites Hotel here Feb. 23. Story Buffalo Soldier's Role Replayed at Fort Belvoir WASHINGTON, Feb. 14, 2005 – You're here in 2005, but imagine being out on the Western plains during the Indian War campaigns in the 1800s: "You hear the voice of a crusty old cavalry sergeant coming toward you, rambling on about being proud to serve. He appears to be a visitor from the past," said senior equal opportunity adviser Army Master Sgt. Jerome Jackson at the 2005 African American History Month program at Fort Belvoir, Va., Feb. 9.

91. Buffalo Soldiers' Assault On The Gothic Line The Africanamerican 92nd Infantry Division took on formidable German The buffalo soldiers on the coast were hit just as hard as their comrades in the http://www.thehistorynet.com/wwii/bl92infantry/index3.html

Home Subscribe Renew Shop ... Book Reviews Search tod('pod'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'"> tod('tih'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'"> In Our Magazines America's Civil War American History Aviation History British Heritage ... World War II HISTORY OFFERS World War II Civil War History History Books Washington Tours ... Military Antiques Article from World War II Magazine Buffalo Soldiers' Assault on the Gothic Line The Buffalo Soldiers on the coast were hit just as hard as their comrades in the valley. The Germans had tanks, field artillery and thousands of ground troops to protect La Spezia, and they could call on a weapon unavailable to the Americansheavy coastal guns. Emplaced at Punta Bianca, just southeast of La Spezia, the German coastal guns could not only lob shells into Massa but also reach all the way to Forte dei Marmi, which lay south of the Cinquale Canal. Fire from the powerful coastal guns left craters so large that Allied tanks literally fell into them. The remainder of the 366th and its supporting armorincluding another black unit, the 758th Tank Battalionadvanced along the coast. The 371st attacked on the far right through the coastal hill masses but ran into extensive minefields. The 370th advanced in column with its left flank on Highway 1 and its right flank in the hills. As they advanced, each battalion of the 370th leapfrogged the battalion directly to its front in order to keep up a continuous attack.

92. Buffalo Soldier Museum The buffalo soldiers National Museum a proud member of the Houston Overtime,buffalo soldiers became a generic term for all African american soldiers. http://www.buffalosoldiermuseum.com/Buffalo_Brief_History.html

Mission And Accomplishments Brief History Military History ... Donations The Begining African Americans have served proudly in every great American war. In 1866, through an act of Congress, legislation was adopted to create six all African American Army units. The units were identified as the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry regiments. The four infantry regiments were later reorganized to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. These fighting men represented the first Black professional soldiers in a peacetime army. The recruits came from varied backgrounds including former slaves and veterans from service in the Civil War. The Nickname The nickname buffalo soldiers began with the Cheyenne warriors in 1867. The actual Cheyenne translation was Wild Buffalo. The nickname was given out of respect and the fierce fighting ability of the 10th cavalry. Overtime, Buffalo Soldiers became a generic term for all African American soldiers. Main Page Mission Brief History Military History ... Shop For more information: Buffalo Soldiers National Museum 1834 Southmore Houston, TX 77004 US

93. Black History Pages Black history Pages Military buffalo soldiers buffalo soldiers at FortRobinson Black soldiers of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry regiments (called http://blackhistorypages.com/Military/Buffalo_Soldiers/

Add a Site Modify a Site What's New What's Cool ... Military : Buffalo Soldiers A Salute to the Buffalo Soldiers The Buffalo Soldier name originated with the legendary black soldiers, some of them Civil War veterans, who fought in the Indian wars on the western frontier. Historians say American Indians gave that name to the troops because of their curly hair and as a sign of respect. (Added: 29-Dec-1999 Hits: 270 Rating: 8.00 Votes: 1) Rate It Buffalo Soldier.net Sixteen photographs of Buffalo Soldiers, and 14 of their legendary Native American foes, two mini videos and 64 story/page links are presented with battles, and historical background events. Links to Civil War, military, and personal archival documents are included with additional links to multimedia, kids, family and multicultural sites. (Added: 7-Feb-2001 Hits: 180 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Robinson Black soldiers of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry regiments (called 'Buffalo Soldiers' by the Plains Indians) garrisoned Fort Robinson for eighteen years and played an important role in northwestern Nebraska's history. (Added: 30-Nov-1999 Hits: 143 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Buffalo Soldiers Legacy Honored When the first black U.S. Cavalry soldiers rode into the still-untamed western plains during the late 1800s, few realized the impact or the legend they would create during their service on the frontier. One blue-suiter, however, is committed to not only rediscovering and preserving their heritage, but also building a legacy that pays tribute to the men known as "Buffalo Soldiers."

94. Stories Of The Military - Stories To Be Told - African American History In Your One solution was to enlist large numbers of African Americans and European They were called buffalo soldiers by their Southern Plains Indian opponents http://www.nps.gov/untold/banners_and_backgrounds/militarybanner/militarystories

The Buffalo Soldiers In 1865 after four years of bloody Civil War, America looked West. The nation wanted to make westward expansion possible in the face of renewed Indian resistance, yet the Army was seen as a dangerous, unsuitable, and low-paying job by most native-born white Americans. One solution was to enlist large numbers of African Americans and European immigrants into the the U.S. Army. After a law was passed in Congress in 1866, African-Americans were recruited into the frontier Army and served as regular soldiers in a changing west. Freed from slavery in the aftermath of the Civil War by the 13th Amendment, these black men served proudly on the western frontier because they thought that their military service would help white Americans see black Americans as equal citizens under the law. For the black soldier, the Army was a haven from poverty and an opportunity for patriotic service, self respect, advancement and an education. They were called "Buffalo Soldiers" by their Southern Plains Indian opponents because their hair reminded the Indians of the curly hair between the horns of the bison. The black troops took great pride in serving the republic that they believed allowed them to fight for their future. Like other soldiers, they were often assigned difficult tasks in out-of-the-way places, but because they were black, they were forced to deal with the added burden of racism.

95. America's Buffalo Soldiers Complete Mission Governor Hull didn t think America s buffalo soldiers was preying on Soldier history and alternative program style of America s buffalo soldiers CAPSAG http://thebuffalosoldiers.com/archives.htm

Governor Attacks America's Buffalo Soldiers By: Michelle Powell Recently, in the Arizona Republic, Governor Jane Dee Hull chastised America's Buffalo Soldiers Re-Enactors Association, 9 th th Cavalry, 24 th th Infantry, (ABSRA), after the suicidal death of 14 year old Anthony Haynes. Governor Hull stated, "We give more scrutiny to child-care providers who have their children in their care only hours a day. I will not have the state of Arizona be a haven for unscrupulous or abusive people who prey on desperate parents and their children." Governor Hull didn't think America's Buffalo Soldiers was "preying on desperate parents" when she asked ABSRA to provide Color Guard, Honor Guard for the now President George W. Bush, and campaign for her when she was running for the Governor's Office. On Monday, August 20 th , Governor Hull named a "Boot Camp Advisory Committee" headed by Judge Maurice Portley of Maricopa County Superior Court. In addition to Judge Portley, other members of the committee will include Arizona State Senator, Ruth Solomon; Arizona State Representative, Deb Gullett; Department of Economic Security director, John Clayton; Department of Juvenile Corrections director, Dave Gaspar; Department of Health Services director, Cathy Eden. Also, Arizona Peace Officer Standards and Training, Tom Hammerstrom; CEO of Child Crisis Nursery, Chris Scarpati; Arizona Council of Human Service Providers president, Dave Miller; Anasazi Foundation president/CEO, Mike Merchant; president of the YMCA, Gregg O'Brian; Governor's Office, Jodi Beckley; community leader, Jacque Steiner; and Ronnie Perez, a representative for Arizona Project Challenge, an organization that has received sponsorship from America's Buffalo Soldiers Annual Humanitarian Awards.

96. WWW-VL: United States History Index: African-American History WWWVL site providing an index of selected sites relevant to the history of African american soldiers Education, Economic and Social Progress http://vlib.iue.it/history/USA/african-american.html

WWW-VL: HISTORY: US: AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY Click here for The WWW-VL: History: United States History Index The WWW-VL: History: W3 Search Engines Research Tools Bibliography and Gateway Sites Migration and Ethnic Relations WWW-VL Black Quest Power Links [African-Americans and Africa] Spartacus Index to Slavery in the United States African-American Materials at the Connecticut Historical Society. Printed Materials Archives African American Historical Documents Black Archives: Scope of the Collection Freedom's Journal. African-American Newspapers [.pdf] Jackson Davis Collection of African-American Educational Photographs ... Social Science Data Archives Toward Racial Equality. Harper's Weekly Report on Black America, 1857-1874 Introduction Slavery Civil War Reconstruction ... A Simulation Game Resources On-Line Online Books Relating to Slavery in the United States Online Books Relating to African-Americans Afro-American Historical Documents , from the Afro-American Almanac Africans in America/Part 1/Resource Bank Contents Africans in America/Part 2/Resource Bank Contents Africans in America/Part 3/The Haitian Revolution Africans in America/Part 4/Resource Bank Contents ... Freedmen and the Southern Society Project [documents on the history of emancipation] Treaty between United States and Great Britain for the Suppression of the Slave Trade; April 7,1862

97. Who Are The Buffalo Soldiers Who are the buffalo soldiers? AfricanAmericans have fought in military conflicts and will be forever a significant part of the history of America. http://www.louisdiggs.com/buffalo/history.html

Who are the Buffalo Soldiers? African-Americans have fought in military conflicts since colonial days. However, the Buffalo Soldiers, comprised of former slaves, freemen and Black Civil War soldiers, were the first to serve during peacetime. Once the Westward movement had begun, prominent among those blazing treacherous trails of the Wild West were the Buffalo Soldiers of the U.S. Army. These African-Americans were charged with and responsible for escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments also conducted campaigns against American Indian tribes on a western frontier that extended from Montana in the Northwest to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in the Southwest. Throughout the era of the Indian Wars, approximately twenty percent of the U.S. Cavalry troopers were Black, and they fought over 177 engagements. The combat prowess, bravery, tenaciousness, and looks on the battlefield, inspired the Indians to call them "Buffalo Soldiers." Many Indians believe the name symbolized the Native American's respect for the Buffalo Soldiers' bravery and valor. Buffalo Soldiers, down through the years, have worn the name with pride. Buffalo Soldiers participated in many other military campaigns: The Spanish American War, The Phillippine Insurrection, The Mexican Expedition, World War I, World War II, and the Korean Police Action.

98. June 2000: Mis-Education Of African American Youth I m proud to know African Americans were buffalo soldiers. Who were the buffalosoldiers? Following the end of the Civil War, the Northern capitalists http://www.socialistaction.org/news/200006/mis.html

Enter key words or concepts then select the 'search' button to search the Socialist Action web site Socialist Action /June 2000 Mis-Education of African American Youth Commentary By Kwame M.A. Soburu The May 18 San Francisco Chronicle had an article titled "A Soldier's Life." It was about eighth-graders from a low-income area of California on a field trip to San Francisco's Presidio-a former military base-to learn about the "Buffalo Soldiers, the Black troops who protected settlers as they traveled West." The students gathered in a tent, listened to an "audiotape describing the conflicts and contributions of the courageous Black regiments," and wrote in their journals. The students were participating in a program sponsored by the National Park Service, which is "designed to connect minority students to their heritage." One innocent, mis-educated youth said, "I didn't even know they existed. I'm proud to know African Americans were Buffalo Soldiers." Who were the Buffalo Soldiers? Following the end of the Civil War, the Northern capitalists decided that some of the Black soldiers who had played a major role in defeating the Southern slavemasters in the war could be used in the continuing wholesale robbery of Native American land by white corporations and settlers, big and small.

99. African-Americans In The U.S. Military history and information from The buffalo Soldier Memorial Association. Lonely Eagles and buffalo soldiers African Americans in World War II, j940.5412 http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_path_afam_military.htm

African-Americans in the U.S. Military infoZone Pathfinders Kids' Catalog FindIt ... About Description This pathfinder is about African-Americans in the U.S. Military from the Revolutionary War to the present. It includes information about particular groups or regiments as well as individual servicemen. Revolutionary War Buffalo Soldiers Civil War World War I ... Related Catalog Searches Revolutionary War Cox, Clinton Come all you Brave Soldiers: Blacks in the Revolutionary War j973.2 HAS Haskins, James Black Stars of Colonial and Revolutionary Times j973.3 HAR Harper, Judith E. African Americans and the Revolutionary War Summary: Portrays the treatment and struggles of African Americans during the Revolutionary War and their contributions to the war effort. jE MIL Millender, Dharathula H. Crispus Attucks, Boy of Valor Web Sites Crispus Attucks Biography from African Military History. Buffalo Soldiers Schlissel, Lillian Black Frontiers: a History of African American Heroes in the Old West j978.00496073 STO Stovall, TaRessa The Buffalo Soldiers Reef, Catherine Buffalo Soldiers Web Sites Buffalo Soldier in Full Military Dress Photo from the Smithsonian Insitution.

100. The Price Of Freedom: Buffalo Soldier Uniform buffalo Soldier Uniform. Credit Armed Forces history, Division of history ofTechnology Smithsonian National Museum of american history, Behring Center http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/collection/object.asp?ID=90

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