21. PEOPLE OF COLOR ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER ACADEMIC INFO THE american WEST NEW WESTERN history 24th US Infantry atFort Davis, Texas 24th 25th US Infantry - Texas buffalo soldiers history http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/western.htm

22. BUFFALO SOLDIERS & INDIAN WARS Sixteen photographs of buffalo soldiers, 14 of their legendary Native american greatest display of black sacrifice, valor and glory in american history. http://www.buffalosoldier.net/home.htm

Buffalosoldier.net From the past, To the present, Into the future, "Ready Forward" The Buffalo Soldiers by Mort The Civil War brought fourth the greatest display of black sacrifice, valor and glory in American history. Therein lies the heritage of the men who rode into the West, and became known as the Buffalo Soldiers. O ne Nation, Indivisible... Mission Statement Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 ... Part 5 Send e-mail to: sldavis@buffalosoldier.net www.buffalosoldier.net

23. 19th Century America Words and Deeds in american history Selected Documents Portraits in BlackThebuffalo soldiers buffalo soldiers the Western Frontier http://www.teacheroz.com/19thcent.htm

19th Century America Updated July 11, 2005 JUMP TO..... Primary Documents - Timelines - Maps 1800 - 1850: From Jefferson to the coming of the Civil War Industrial Revolution Women's Rights ... Various Misc. Topics PRIMARY DOCUMENTS The Avalon Project : 19th Century Documents Chronological List of Primary Documents at the Library of Congress The Avalon Project : Louisiana Purchase; 1803 and Associated Documents The Avalon Project : Louisiana Purchase Treaty; April 30,1803 ... Frederick Jackson Turner: The Frontier In American History - the "Father of Western History" - complete text! For a specific chapter, check Turner: Table of Contents A Literary History of the American West The Nineteenth Century in Print: the Making of America in Periodicals 1805 New England Primer Contents ... 1807 New England Primer Contents More Documents are listed below that relate to each topic. Also, check out my main General U.S.A. History . For Civil War documents, check out my Civil War Primary Documents webpage. TIMELINES OF THE 19TH CENTURY 19th Century American Culture Kingwood College Library SECTIONAL ISSUES 1815-1860 1815-1841: The Age of Jackson and Ante-Bellum Reform Timeline 1845-1916: Gilded Age: From Frontier to Factory Timeline ... Historical Timeline of Transcontinental Railroads For many more timelines, check out each topic below or visit the timeline section on my

24. Buffalo Soldiers buffalo soldiers African american soldiers who helped to tame the west buffalo soldiersUS history/Literature lesson plan (grades 6-8)DiscoverySch http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/History/US_History/Westward_Expansion/Buffalo

Home Fun and Games Science Math ... CLIPART A Great Site to find school related clipart. Over 37,000 pictures, illustration, clipart and images to download!! CLIPART INDEX Clipart History Animals, Dinosaurs ... Central Free Lesson Plans in Math, Social Studies, Art, Language Arts, and Science. Rubrics, Worksheets, and Teacher Productivity Tools!! Math Worsheets Math Flash Cards Online Word Search Stay up-to-date! Sign up for our mailing list Subject Themes Dinosaurs Civil War Educational Software US States ... Ancient Civilizations Clipart Mathematics Explorers Inventors ... Lessons US History Search: Home History US History Westward Expansion Buffalo Soldiers SEARCH RESULTS 1 - 12 of 14 BUFFALO SOLDIERS Buaffalo Soldiers links...

25. Buffalo Soldiers History, U.S. Indian And Span-Am Wars. history of the buffalo soldiers in the United States Cavalry and But thisdid not start with the buffalo soldiers or even the american Civil War. http://www.ushist.com/buffalo-soldiers.htm

Click here for AzRA Casting Site Click here for AzRA Main Site The Buffalo Soldiers With the release of the movie "Glory", made by Tri- Star Pictures in 1989, we saw the first real interest in the part that Negroes played in our Military history. But this did not start with the Buffalo Soldiers or even the American Civil War. It started much earlier. The Early Years Negro Troops marched in the ranks of Washington's armies, in the cause of independence. They served with Andrew Jackson at New Orleans in 1815 to repel the British invaders. But it was their first large scale employment during the Civil War, that they made their real entrance into American History. Civil War Period When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Negroes were eager to wear the Union blue, but it wouldn't come easy. On the first anniversary of Fort Sumter, General David Hunter organized a Negro regiment. But his effort was abortive and the regiment was "turned off without a shilling, by order of the War Department." Seven months later Colonel T. W. Higginson of Massachusetts took command of the First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, the first slave regiment mustered into the service of the United States. By the end of the war 180,000 Negroes had served in the Union army and taps had sounded over the bodies of 33,380 of them. Yet, they didn't fight only in Union Blue. Sadly, little has ever been written of the Negroes that served in the Confederate Army, so we know little of their reasons for fighting for the Confederacy or the outcome of these efforts.

26. American Civil War Uniforms (Union & Confederate), Victorian Clothing And Access histories, diaries, Black history, buffalo soldiers, men s, women s NoteThe american Civil War, aka The War of the Rebellion, The War of Succession, http://www.ushist.com/

Film Projects Leavey Foundation for Historic Preservation, Inc. dba AzRA Historical Resources and Pair-O-Dice Mercantile at www. U S Hist ... .com and www.19th-century-us-history.com Pair-O-Dice Mercantile now open click picture to see more Our new store front location, Pair-O-Dice Mercantile is now open. Located in the Northern California Gold Rush Town of Paradise, CA. It carries all the standard items from our web site, as well as samples of our custom items. There are also items that are currently not available on the web site. It is being set up as much as possible as a working 1800's dry goods store. Click Web Site and Store Contact Information Civil War Uniforms, CS ... 19th Century Props personal items, leather goods (holsters, belts, cartridge boxes, etc), 19th Century Set Dressing cookware, dinnerware, lanterns, barrels, kegs, boxes, tents, camp equipment, etc. 1800's Saddles and Tack Welcome to U S Hist / AzRAHist Historical Resources and Historical Reproductions a United States History Site View our Resume (in a new window) Reenactors Artillery, Buffalo Soldiers,

27. AFRO-AMERICAN ALMANAC - African-American History Resource YOUR INTERNET RESOURCE FOR AFRICANamerican history The term buffalo soldiers came from Cheyenne warriors who first encountered these black men in http://www.toptags.com/aama/bio/groups/buff.htm

HOME Trivia Games FolkTales BIOGRAPHIES ... Feedback YOUR INTERNET RESOURCE FOR AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY THE BUFFALO SOLDIERS Black soldiers fought in Washington's army during the War of Independence, and served with Andrew Jackson at New Orleans in 1815. Late in 1861, Colonel T. W. Higginson took command of the First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, the first Black regiment in the service of the United States. On June 28, 1866, an Act of Congress authorized the creation of two cavalry and four infantry regiments, "which shall be composed of colored men." They were organized as the 9th and 10th Cavalry and the 38th through 41st Infantry. The 9th and 10th Cavalry would go on to play a major role in the history of the West, as the "Buffalo Soldiers." On September 21, 1866, the 9th Cavalry Regiment was activated at Greenville, Louisiana under command of Colonel Edward Hatch and the 10th Cavalry Regiment at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas under command of Colonel Benjamin Grierson. The term "buffalo soldiers" came from Cheyenne warriors who first encountered these black men in blue uniforms, whose dark skin and thick hair resembled the buffalo. The initial strangeness turned to respect buffalo soldiers participated in most of the campaigns against hostile tribes, earning themselves battle honors and no less than 18 Medals of Honor for individual heroism. The Buffalo Soldiers consistently received some of the worst assignments the Army had to offer. They also faced fierce prejudice to both the colors of their Union uniforms and their skin by many of the citizens of the post-war frontier towns. Despite this, the troopers of the 9th and 10th Cavalries developed into two of the most distinguished fighting units in the Army.

28. The Buffalo Soldier Tragedy Of 1877 A group of twentytwo buffalo hunters accompanied the soldiers as guides and allies . Persons interested in the Southern Plains, Native american history, http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/2003/carlson.htm

SEARCH BY Title Author Subject Series CONSORTIUM Baylor McWhiney SMU TCU ... Winedale DIRECTORIES Classroom Adoption Author's Guidelines Order E-News ... Web Links WHO WE ARE About Us Contact Us X X Winner of the 2004 Rupert N. Richardson Prize awarded by the West Texas Historical Association The Buffalo Soldier Tragedy of 1877 Paul H. Carlson The year 1877 was a drought year in West Texas. In the middle of that arid summer, a troop of some forty buffalo soldiers (African American cavalry led by white officers) struck out into the Llano Estacado from Double Lakes, south of modern Lubbock, pursuing a band of Kwahada Comanches who had been raiding homesteads and hunting parties. A group of twenty-two buffalo hunters accompanied the soldiers as guides and allies. Several days later three black soldiers rode into Fort Concho at modern San Angelo and reported that the men and officers of Troop A were missing and presumed dead from thirst. The "Staked Plains Horror," as the Galveston Daily News called it, quickly captured national attention. Although most of the soldiers eventually straggled back into camp, four had died, and others eventually faced court-martial for desertion. The buffalo hunters had ridden off on their own to find water, and the surviving soldiers had lived by drinking the blood of their dead horses and their own urine. A routine army scout had turned into disaster of the worst kind. What people are saying about this book “Although this harrowing tale has been related in previously published articles and book chapters, no one has offered more thorough and balanced coverage than has Paul Carlson. . . . Persons interested in the Southern Plains, Native American history, frontier military life, and race relations within American institutions will be pleased with all that this book has to offer.”

29. Military.com Content black soldiers were at the center of the pivotal 1898 Spanishamerican Warbattle. Exploring the Life and history of the buffalo soldiers - NARA - The http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent1/?file=BH_Links_20th

30. April 29, 2002/Buffalo Soldiers Set For Summer Of Living History TPWD news release AUSTIN, Texas The Texas buffalo soldiers Program is lining of living history encampments, trail rides, African-american rodeos and http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/news/news/020429a.htm

31. Texas Buffalo Soldiers History, Continued To buffalo soldiers Table of Contents. Texas buffalo soldiers Banner buffalosoldiers history Banner Africanamerican Banner. Two buffalo soldiers http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/park/admin/buffalo/bf_hist9.htm

32. DefenseLINK News: Buffalo Soldier's Role Replayed buffalo Soldier s Role Replayed. By Rudi Williams american Forces Press Service of buffalo soldiers isn t just African american history it s America http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Feb2005/n02142005_2005021405.html

Sep. 19, 2005 War on Terror Transformation News Products Press Resources ... Contact Us Buffalo Soldier's Role Replayed By Rudi Williams American Forces Press Service WASHINGTON, Feb. 14, 2005 – You're here in 2005, but imagine being out on the Western plains during the Indian War campaigns in the 1800s: Adding a bit of humor to his presentation about Buffalo Soldiers, retired Army Master Sgt. Lee N. Coffee Jr., took off his hat showing his bald head instead of how he described to the audience that Indians called African-American cavalry troopers "Buffalo soldiers" because their hair resembled a buffalo's hair. Photo by Rudi Williams (Click photo for screen-resolution image); high- resolution image available. "You hear the voice of a crusty old cavalry sergeant coming toward you, rambling on about being proud to serve. He appears to be a visitor from the past," said senior equal opportunity adviser Army Master Sgt. Jerome Jackson at the 2005 African American History Month program at Fort Belvoir, Va., Feb. 9. "I am Sgt. Emanuel Stance, Company F, 9th U.S. Cavalry," a deep voice resonates through the room. "I was born in Carroll Parish, La., around 1848. When I was 15 years old, my Uncle Rufus never talked about much, never did much, except maybe fishing and eating. But I liked Uncle Rufus," the voice continued as a man strolled into the center of floor, decked out in a Buffalo soldier uniform.

33. Buffalo Soldier Monument: Its Meaning And Significance -- Brown Quarterly -- V. For the small group of African americans who say the buffalo soldiers are When these true american heroes find their proper place in the history books http://brownvboard.org/brwnqurt/01-1/01-1e.htm

Women in History Phillis Wheatley Volume 1, No. 1 (August 1996) Special Introductory Edition The Buffalo Soldier Monument: Its Meaning and Significance Click an image to read its caption. ". . . since 1641 there has never been a time in this country when Blacks were unwilling to serve and sacrifice for America." General Colin Powell, Buffalo Soldier Monument Ground-breaking ceremony, July 28, 1990. Despite a record of uninterrupted courage, valor, patriotism and bravery, historians and this country had never fully recognized or acknowledged the honorable and selfless military service of African Americans. Dedication of the Buffalo Soldier Monument at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas on July 25, 1992, was a major step in changing this. However, as popular as the monument is, it does not mean the same thing to everyone. Most people think it is great, but a few do not think it is deserved. To the remaining Buffalo Soldiers and their families, it is a symbol of immediate recognition and gratitude for a job well done, as well as a daily source of pride, satisfaction and inspiration. To the older Buffalo Soldiers like 110 year old Jones Morgan of Richmond, Virginia and 98 year old Sergeant William Harrington of Salina, Kansas, it gave them their flowers to smell while they were alive. To all, it is a beauty to see. Trooper Elmer Robinson of Leavenworth, Kansas said it best one cold February night in 1989 as we looked over the vacant spot where the monument would be erected, "after all these years I didn't think anyone cared, now I feel like a hero."

34. WAL-MART BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATION HONORS BUFFALO SOLDIERS The program heralds underrecognized heroes of African-american history who buffalo soldiers to the place of honor they deserve in american history. http://www.exodusnews.com/HISTORY/History021.htm

Match ALL words Match ANY word History Home World National California ... Office Published: February 15, 2005 WAL-MART BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATION HONORS BUFFALO SOLDIERS Retailer sponsors multi-dimensional African-American history program including television, poster art, website and study guide Bentonville, AR (BlackNews.com) - In celebration of Black History Month 2005, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is sponsoring a multi-dimensional educational program honoring the Buffalo Soldiers, African Americans who served in the segregated units of the American military from 1866 to 1948. The program heralds under-recognized heroes of African-American history who have contributed in profound and lasting ways to American life. "At Wal-Mart, we celebrate diversity 365 days a year," said Charlyn Jarrells Porter, chief diversity officer for Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. "This month, we are proud to sponsor a program that brings new information about, and bestows honor upon, the African-American servicemen who willingly gave so much at a time when they received so little in return." The program's centerpiece is a documentary: The Invisible Men of Honor: The Legend of the Buffalo Soldiers. The film tells the story of the important yet unheralded role these all-black regiments played in the American expansion into the West as well as their valiant service in numerous wars and conflicts including World War I, World War II and the Korean Conflict. Narrated by actor Tim Reid, the story of the Buffalo Soldiers is enhanced with firsthand accounts of the experiences and observations of 20th century veterans.

35. Buffalo Soldiers' Assault On The Gothic Line On July 30, 1944, the first wave of buffalo Soldiersthe 370th Regimental Combat Select a Magazine, american history, America s Civil War http://www.thehistorynet.com/wwii/bl92infantry/

Home Subscribe Renew Shop ... Book Reviews Search tod('pod'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'"> tod('tih'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'"> In Our Magazines America's Civil War American History Aviation History British Heritage ... World War II HISTORY OFFERS World War II Civil War History History Books Washington Tours ... Military Antiques Article from World War II Magazine Buffalo Soldiers' Assault on the Gothic Line The African-American 92nd Infantry Division took on formidable German opposition in its push up the Italian boot. By Robert Hodges, Jr. African Americans have fought in every major conflict in which the United States has been involved, from the Revolutionary War on. They frequently served with distinctionthe 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War, the 9th and 10th U.S. Colored Cavalry regiments during the Indian wars and the Spanish-American War, and the 369th Infantry Regiment during World War I all established outstanding fighting records. Yet with each new war in which the United States became embroiled, the white American establishment tended to forget the contribution made by black servicemen in previous conflicts. Each time, black soldiers were committed to combat in racially segregated units and had to prove themselves all over again. Of the 909,000 black Americans selected for duty in the Army during World War II, only one black division saw infantry combat in Europethe 92nd Infantry Division. The vast majority of African Americans in uniform were assigned to segregated construction or supply units or placed in units that performed unpleasant duties such as graves registration. The government's view was that blacks were not motivated enough or aggressive enough to fight.

36. Buffalo Soldier Museum The buffalo soldiers fought in the Indians Wars of the american West, Spanishamerican War of 1898, WWI and WWII. Military history http://www.buffalosoldiermuseum.com/Buffalo_Military_History.html

Mission And Accomplishments Brief History Military History ... Donations Military Assignments During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Buffalo Soldiers were assigned to the harshest and most desolate posts. Specific duties included subduing Mexican revolutionaries, outlaws, comercheros, rustlers and hostile Native Americans. Additional administrative duties included exploring and mapping the Southwest, and establishing frontier outposts for future towns. The Buffalo Soldiers fought in the Indians Wars of the American West, Spanish American War of 1898, WWI and WWII. Military History 1775-1783 - Revolutionary War - Approximately 5,000 Blacks fought in the War of Independence. By mid-1778, each brigade in General George Washington's army averaged 43 Black soldiers. 1812-1815 - War of 1812 - Though blacks were barred from service for the first two years, at the war's latter stages they comprised 10% of naval crews. 1846-1848 - Mexican War - No Blacks fought in this war. It was fought by regulars and volunteers primarily from the rural South and Midwest. 1861-1865 - Civil War - Blacks made up 12% (178,895 men) of the Union Army and 25% (30,000) of the Union Navy. Thousands more served in service units as laborers and the like. Some 2,751 blacks were killed in battle; another 65,427 died primarily from disease.

37. Internet Public Library: African-American History Civil War period music includes songs about Africanamerican soldiers and the history of the buffalo soldiers. Includes text, photos, and video from the http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/hum30.55.85.15/

dqmcodebase = "/javascript/" Subject Collections Business Computers Education ... African-American History This collection All of the IPL Advanced Resources in this category: You can also view Magazines Associations on the Net under this heading. About.Com: African-American History http://afroamhistory.about.com/ An Internet guide to African-American history, with feature articles, Website guides, and discussion forums. Topics covered include civil rights, slavery, Harlem Renaissance, education, religion, and more. African American History http://afgen.com/history.html This site on African-American history contains the text of significant speeches. There's also biographical information about famous African-Americans. African American History and the Civil War http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/history/aa_history.htm Contains infromation about African-Americans in the Civil War as well as a summary of their service throughout American history. The African Presence in the Americas: 1492-1992 http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Schomburg/ "A photographic exhibit from the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. This exhibit introduces the dynamics and dimensions of the 500 year history of African people in the Americas." African-American Sheet Music, 1850-1920

38. Internet Public Library: Pathfinders Black history Pages buffalo soldiers Spanish-american War 1898. Although thebuffalo soldiers did not continue as regiments into the 20th Century, http://www.ipl.org/div/pf/entry/48433

dqmcodebase = "/javascript/" Subject Collections Business Computers Education ... Pathfinders This collection All of the IPL Advanced African-Americans in the Armed Forces Getting Started American Revolution War of 1812 Mexican-American War ... Vietnam and Beyond Introduction African-Americans have fought in every major American conflict from the American Revolution through the present. This guide is designed for individuals interested in the role African-Americans have played in these conflicts and their relationship to the United States Armed Forces. It is organized in chronological order by eras surrounding major armed conflicts, along with other significant people and events in that timeline. Both print and network resources are included. Please note that the resources listed here are meant to serve as starting points for further research. While certain eras offer more material than others, the following materials represent only a fraction of available information on this subject. Many of them contain lengthy bibliographies that will suggest further research. They will also suggest keywords to help you with on-line searching. Getting Started In general, finding resources on particular wars or the armed forces is easy. But materials that focus on African-Americans' involvement are necessarily a smaller subset of the total number available. Nevertheless, it is still vital to consult authoritative and multiple resources whenever possible to confirm the accuracy of the information contained within them. Examples of authoritative sources include primary sources such as official military documents or well-known resources such as the Encyclopedia Britannica. It is also important to remember that while primary resources come from people who experienced the events described, they may not always represent historical fact. For example, the writings of a soldier in his journal may mistakenly misrepresent or omit facts confirmed by other sources.

39. African American History Resources buffalo soldiers Statistics provided by the Discovery Channel The Last ofthe buffalo soldiers A modernday history of African american units in the http://cobalt.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/afrohistory.html

Mudcloth Magic, Artist: Albert Fennell General Featured Sites Africans in America A PBS Television Special that includes narratives, resources, and a teacher's guide for each section:The Terrible Transformation (1450-1750), Revolution (1750-1805), Brotherly Love (1791-1831), Judgment Day (1831-1965 The Black Experience in America From "African Origins" to "Black Power" African American History United States Information Agency 2000 Black History Month Association for the Study of African-American Life and History Afro-American History Black History: Exploring African American Issues on the Web Black History Data Base Afro-American ... Newspaper Correspondents report on WW II African Americans in WW II. Racial segregation in the US Armed Forces The Amistad Case The Amistad Case: A Summary From the Gilder Lehrman Institute The Amistad Case: Who Owns History? An excellent, well-researched site from the Legal Information Institute of Cornell Law School.A legal analysis of the case. The Amistad Revolt (1839-1842) A history of the shipboard slave uprising. Race and the boundaries of freedom in Antebellum Maritime America. The Court Argument text of John Quincy Adams Before the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of the United States, Appellants, vs. Cinque, and others, Africans, captured in the schooner Amistad

40. Essay Depot - 1775-1900: The History Of The Buffalo Soldier 17751900 The history of the buffalo Soldier. The Afro-american soldiers most outstanding achievement was the charge of the Third Brigade of the http://www.essaydepot.com/essayme/333/index.php

Login Become a Member Add a Quote Monday, September 19, 2005 Home My Profile Browse Search ... Contact Words of Wisdom: "those who are different change the world. those who are the same keep it that way" - kickinasslouie Get the publicity you want for your essay! Help other students make their own better! Click HERE to submit your essay! Essay Critique(s) Express your owns thoughts and ideas on this essay by writing a grade and/or critique APA MLA Home ... United States Name: Anonymous Submitted: 08.29.01 Word Count: 2263 "This site kicks-ass!!" 1775-1900: The History of the Buffalo Soldier Throughout American history, Afro-Americans have had to decide whether they belonged in the United States or if they should go elsewhere. Slavery no doubtfully had a great impact upon their decisions. However, despite their troubles African Americans have made a grand contribution and a great impact on our armed forces since the Revolutionary War. The Afro-American has fought against its country's wars, and they have also fought the war within their country to gain the right to fight and freedom. America's first war, its war for independence from Great Britain was a great accomplishment. This achievement could not have been performed if not for the black soldiers in the armies. "The first American to shed blood in the revolution that freed America from British rule was Crispus Attucks, a Black seaman." (Mullen 9) Attucks along with four white men were killed in the Boston Massacre of March 5, 1770. Even though Attucks was a fugitive slave running from his master, he was still willing to fight against England along with other whites and give the ultimate sacrifice, his life, for freedom. This wasn't the only incident of Blacks giving it all during the War for Independence.

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