81. West Michigan Tourist Association A map, history, photos and directions to 10 covered bridges in West Michigan, four of which are listed as historic bridges in our state. http://www.wmta.org/coveredbridges/index.html

West Michigan Covered Bridges Choose A Covered Bridge to Explore. Ada Covered Bridge* ( Augusta Covered Bridge (2) Fallasburg Covered Bridge* (6 Bowen's Mill Bridge (4) ... White's Covered Bridge* (7) Covered Bridges If you love covered bridges, you might also be interested in the region's one room schools. Lessons to Be Learned from One Room Schoolhouses Learn more about the covered bridges and one room schoolhouses of West Michigan. WMTA provides a slide show program on the two for service clubs, church groups, non-profit organizations, libraries and museums. Call 800-442-2084 ext. 106 or email media@wmta.org for details or to schedule your 2004 program. wmta.org is more than a website. It is a destination guide comprised of members of West Michigan Tourist Association. We assure you that as members, each destination listed is dedicated to making your visit memorable.

82. Architecture Of The Sydney Harbour Bridge - Sydney, Australia How this seemingly simple bridge became a great piece of architecture has If you submit a question covered in that page, you may not receive a response. http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/OZ/SydneyHarbourBridge.html

The World Oceania Australia : Sydney Sydney Cityscapes AMP Tower MLC Centre Sydney Harbour Bridge Sydney Opera House University of Sydney's Great Hall Home Buildings and Landmarks List by City List by State List by Country List by Continent ... List by Type Sister Sites Chicago Architecture Info Houston Architecture Info Live Skyline Cam Send a free ePostcard! ... Architecture CDROMs Site Utilities Mobile Edition RSS Feed Affiliate Program Recommend Us ... Contact Advertisement Sydney Harbour Bridge Also known as: The Coat Hanger Built: Type: Bridge Location: Spanning Sydney Harbour H Add your review, thoughts, comments, or corrections to this page: Your name Your e-mail address In which country do you live? How did you hear about this web site?

83. Vermont's Covered Bridges, Vermont, Tours, History, Trusses This American nonprofit society publishes the World Guide to covered bridges, a quarterly magazine and a newsletter, excerpts from which are online. http://www.vermontbridges.com/nspcb1st.htm

Back to First Page WELCOME TO THE NATIONAL SOCIETY for the PRESERVATION of COVERED BRIDGES What is the N.S.P.C.B? N.S.P.C.B. Newsletters Fall 2000 Winter 2001 Spring 2001 Summer 2001 ... Return to top Joe Nelson, P.O Box 267, Jericho, VT 05465-0267 This web site page was coded by J.C. Nelson. The content is the intellectual property of the National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges, Inc. and its membership. This file updated August 8, 2005

84. Page Title Dedicated to promoting and preserving New York's historic covered bridges. Aims and activities. Location map, history and photographs of the state's historic bridges. http://www.nycoveredbridges.org/

NEW YORK STATE COVERED BRIDGE SOCIETY This project is funded by the New York Grant Program administered by the Preservation League of New York State with the support of the J. M. Kaplan Fund, The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, The Margaret L. Wendt Foundation, Phillip Morris Companies, Inc., The New York Times Company Foundation, and the Northern New York Community Foundation, Inc. Updated January 2005 Map of Locations Photos of Bridges ... BREAKING NEWS Best Viewed at 800 X 600 Resolution **We say " Thank you " to Marikka Guay for providing the background photo**

85. Covered Bridges Of The Northeast USA - Vermont Provides photographs and statistics of bridges throughout the state. Includes links to related societies. http://www.coveredbridgesite.com/vt/vt_home.html

Covered Bridges of the Northeast USA Covered Bridge Societies V e r m o n t C o v e r e d B r i d g e s Home Historic Bridges Romantic ... Vermont Covered Bridge Society Links Dale Travis Covered Bridge Lists Vermont Google Bridge Thumbnails ... Vermont Trusses New York State Covered Bridges - Truss Diagrams Home Connecticut Maine ... Pennsylvania Covered Bridge Information Vermont Covered Bridges Historic - Covered timber truss bridges built in a previous era, for functional use on public highways. Authentic / Other - Authentic reproductions of historic covered bridges or bridges made of materials other than timber or a timber bridge which is not a truss or arch. Bridge Counts Type Visited Total Historic Romantic Shelters * Number varies based on source. Information included Bridge Photos Statistics Photography Tips Parking Maps Truss Photo Location Data and Map

86. Welcome To The MaineDOT Location, pictures, and history of covered wooden bridges in the state. http://www.maine.gov/mdot/covered-bridges/wooden.php

Skip Maine state header navigation Agencies Online Services Web Policies ... Help State Search: Help Center Contact MaineDOT Highway Conditions Major Delays ... Home Maine Covered Bridges Babbs Sunday River Watson Settlement Lowes ... Hemlock History In 1959 the 99th Maine legislature took a major step by enacting a law to preserve Maine's wooden covered bridges. The new law provided that state money could be used to save and renovate covered bridges. As a result, in 1961 the Department of Transportation undertook major renovations to the 10 remaining covered bridges. Once there were a hundred and twenty covered bridges in the state of Maine, but fire, flood, ice, progress and the Great Freshet of 1896 have removed all but eight original bridges. Two (2) other covered bridges, recently lost to fire and flood, have been reconstructed and are considered to have historical importance. On March 26, 1983 the Morse Bridge in Bangor was destroyed by fire; there are no plans to rebuild it. The remaining covered bridges are scattered through out the state. The roof and siding of a covered bridge are the features that give the structure its familiar outlines. Some are thought to be more picturesque than others -

87. Photography Of Architecture (Exterior) Include people in an architecture photo if they give unexpected information A postcardquality covered bridge inside the Flume State Park, New Hampshire http://www.photo.net/learn/architectural/exterior

var subscriber_p=0, user_id=0; photo.net Classifieds Shop Classifieds ... Search How to Photograph Architecture (Exterior) by Philip Greenspun Home Learn : One Article This is an example-based tutorial on photographing buildings. Your pictures need not be pretty Architectural photography at its best will convey the experience of being in and around a built environment. In the case of the Dachau Concentration Camp , this won't result in comforting attractive images. Below is a parking garage in Kyoto . The colors and industrial appearance of the structure are remarkable in the middle of a city known for its ancient temples and gardens. The purpose of the image is to capture the feeling of walking by the structure, not to delight or decorate. A supermarket exterior is a subject that will probably never make a wall-worthy image by itself. However, the image below (from the Hawaii flowers collection ) captures the spirit of being in the parking lot at night: Give old buildings some space In general, the older the structure, the more environmental context is required. Using your hands or your mind, crop the preceding images to include just the structures and see if they would still work. Also, compare them to a few modern buildings where hardly any context is required:

88. Covered Bridges Of West Virginia s with diagrams of the different truss systems. Bibliography.......Ryan Post's easilynavigated presentation of the subject. Photographs and information on 17 remaining bridges. http://members.citynet.net/post/

The total number of covered bridges built in West Virginia is unknown. There were still more than 54 remaining in the 1950's. By 1979 only 19 remained. Today, there are 17. Some, such as the Staats Mill Barrackville and the newly renovated Milton/Mud River are in excellent condition, while others are in need of repairs and some even total restoration. All 17 remaining covered bridges in West Virginia were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, following research done by Dr. Emory Kemp of Morgantown. Public awareness concerning the fate of covered bridges increased in 1989, when the popular, Philippi bridge was nearly destroyed by fire. The bridge was totally reconstructed in 1991, giving it back its original look. Due to Dr. Kemp's hard work to promote the idea of bridge protection and restoration, and due to his recently established " Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology " in Morgantown, the future of the 17 remaining bridges is in good hands. Special Thanks to Mr. John Brunell

89. New York State Covered Bridges - Index Page A graphic view of the 24 New York State Historic covered bridges. Also includes authentic not historic and other types of covered bridges in New York. http://members.aol.com/covbr

Click Anywhere to Enter Site

90. Covered Bridges - Tennessee Department Of Transportation History of covered bridges in Tennessee. In 1844 Caleb Pratt, an architect,and his engineer son Thomas designed the Pratt truss, another truss from http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/bridges/historybridges.htm

Home About the Commissioner Other State DOTs FAQ ... Covered Bridges Home A Brief History of Covered Bridges in Tennessee When people reflect on "historic bridges," they most often envision covered wooden truss bridges. With its picturesque design, the wooden truss bridge has a near universal appeal. For many years, travelogues and historians alike have documented them and promoted their preservation, more than any other bridge type. For centuries, builders used timber as a construction material for trusses, possibly even for truss bridges. However, it was not until 1570 that Andrea Palladio published Four Books on Architecture , the first written documentation concerning wooden truss bridges (Hayden 1976:51). Palladio, the first to promote the use of wooden trusses for bridge design, described several wooden trusses including the basic Kingpost and Queenpost designs. However, builders in Europe erected few wooden truss bridges until the eighteenth century, and then most commonly in heavily wooded countries such as Switzerland.

91. Linn County Covered Bridges Pictures and information about Linn County's covered bridges. http://www.chuckhawks.com/linn_county_bridges.htm

Linn County, Oregon Covered Bridges Photography by Jerri Graff with text by Chuck Hawks Oregon bridges are typically built of native Douglas fir. They were covered to protect them from the rainy weather. This approximately tripled the lifespan of a wooden bridge. Many of Oregon's covered bridges have been preserved, and are popular visitors' attractions. There are 10 covered bridges in Linn County. All of the highway bridges use the Howe truss-type design (named for architect William Howe). All Linn County covered bridges are easily accessable by automobile. A particularly well marked and easily followed driving tour visits the five bridges in the Scio area. No federal funds go toward the maintainence of any Linn County covered bridge. NOTE: It is especially important to set your Desktop area to 800x600 pixels, and your Color pallette to the "High Color" setting for best viewing of these photographs. Click on a picture to see a larger version. Crawfordsville Bridge, built in 1932. Spans the Calapooia River next to Highway 228, which bypassed the bridge when it was improved in 1963. Dahlenburg Foot Bridge. This covered foot bridge was built as a school project. It is located in Sankey Park, in Sweet Home, near Weddle Bridge. It spans Ames Creek.

92. CT's Historic Highway Bridges Survey of bridges in the state of historic note, including covered bridges, stone arches and iron trusses from the Victorian period. Also provides preservation case studies and list of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places. http://www.past-inc.org/historic-bridges/

93. West Virginia Covered Bridges Includes photo galleries of remaining bridges in the state, historic scenes from Grafton, information about his books, photographers' links and contact information. http://www.steveshaluta.com/bridges/

Steve Shaluta Photography West Virginia Covered Bridges Home Photo Gallery Scenic Gallery Travel Gallery] ... Print Prices Click on any photo to see a larger version

94. Save Our Jackson Co Covered Bridges Pictures of surviving structures, information on the campaign. http://www.angelfire.com/in/lottgreene/coveredbridges.html

We Need Your Help To.... Save Our Jackson County Covered Bridges! Save Our Jackson County Covered Bridges Why Save The Old Covered Bridges? ”Few icons of the American landscape take us back in time to a quieter period in our history than does the covered bridge with its enduring strength and simplicity, in harmony with the countryside it continues to serve. Wooden covered bridges are among the United States’ most treasured engineering landmarks. They are romantic symbols of the past and a link with our engineering forefathers and they revive memories from our heritage, a heritage that will never be replaced once it is gone.” But Why Covered? The roof and weatherboarding was not for the protection of travelers, or their horses, the loads of hay, or the sweethearts strolling in the fragrant shadows. Nor was it to protect the plank roadway of the bridges, they were readily replaceable. Covering was not to keep the snow off. Roofs were put on the covered bridges to keep the main structural timbers dry. Staunch as they appeared, they would quickly rot if left exposed to be alternately wet by rains and dampness and then scorched by the sun. Jackson County’s Covered Bridges The Bell’s Ford Covered Bridge The Medora Covered Bridge Built in 1875 and by-passed in 1972, the Medora Covered Bridge is the longest covered bridge in the United States, measuring 458 feet long including 12’ overhangs. This bridge is located on St. Rd. 235. It spans the East Fork of White River.

95. Oregon's Covered Bridges History and county by county guide, with photographs and descriptions. Also an explanation of truss types, with diagrams. http://home.comcast.net/~draft10/bridges/bridges.html

Oregon's Covered Bridges Most people think of quaint New England villages when they think of covered bridges, but Oregon also has it's share. Today, many are preserved next to new concrete spans and some have been converted into roadside parks, but there are still a wonderful few bridges that still serve Oregon's highways. In Oregon, covered bridges were a natural choice. Timber was abundant and inexpensive, and covered wooden bridges with timber trusses were still being erected well into the 1960’s. Times change though, and since the 1970’s, it has become apparent that our natural resources are diminishing. The cost of lumber began to inflate, and the cost of maintaining wooden spans was no longer acceptable. Concrete spans required less maintenance and were more durable. Even before these revelations came to light, Oregon’s covered bridges were already fast disappearing as steel spans and concrete spans seemed more practicable for wider, modern highways. Sometimes, the old wooden bridges were simply set on fire to clear the way for a modern structure. For a County Superintendent, decisions are based on economics, but for the area residents, the heart takes over. Those who live near these quaint structures have always been quite attached to them (see Rochester Bridge for an example). As more and more of these bridges were dismantled and demolished, more and more people began to realize that a covered bridge represents more than a simple conveyance utility, a covered bridge is part of the character of the communities in which they serve. They are one of those

96. Schuylkill Illustrated article discusses the structures of these early bridge builders. http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/bridge/schuylkill.html

Wernwag, Palmer and the Earliest Pennsylvania Covered Bridges The Permanent Bridge Wernwag's Bridge at Upper Ferry Wernwag was an engineer and inventor who had already built bridges over Neshaminy Creek and Frankford Creek. The Frankford Creek "Economy" bridge was a drawbridge, on the following plan: Wernwag's Swing-Bridge Plan The Upper Ferry site probably was not too far from the modern Spring Garden Bridge, connecting the area then known as Fairmount with the western bank. As shown in the figure "Wernwag's Bridge at Upper Ferry," above, Wernwag's new bridge was a single arched span of 340 feet 3 3/4 inches. This made it the second-longest single-span bridge in the world, according to some authorities. Here is Wernwag's plan for the bridge: Wernwag's plan for the Schuylkill Bridge The Upper Ferry bridge was built in 1812, to be destroyed by fire in 1838. It was a considerable sensation, considered a new "wonder of the world," and came to be known as "The Colossus at Philadelphia" or "The Colossus at Fairmount." Because of the interest in it, a number of images of it come down to us in old prints from the time. Here is a curious one: The Water Works With the Wernwag Bridge in the Background The subject matter of this print is the Water Works, not really the bridge, but no matter Wernwag had designed the Water Works, which were built in the early 1820's. The great bridge is visible in the background. Let's take a closer look at it:

97. Eng250architecture Folk architecture Sites. Overviews. Louisiana State University Exhibits Maine Department of Transportation covered Bridge Website http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~sfagan/eng250architecture.htm

Folk Architecture Sites Overviews Louisiana State University Exhibits http://rurallife.lsu.edu/ (NOTE: As of 10/06/04, links from the LSU Rural Life Museum Home Page to its exhibits are not active. The link from this page to the LSU page has been left active in the meantime, in case the links are re-established at a later time.) http://habs.lsu.edu/ (drawings and photos from the Louisiana Historic American Buildings Survery) Dale Lightfoot's Cultural Landscapes From Around The World http://www.geog.okstate.edu/users/lightfoot/lfoot.htm select Folk Customs From Around The Worldthese slides include folk architecture (look in the middle of the group) plus costumes, customs, and more. South Florida Folklife http://www.historical-museum.org/folklife/tradition3.htm Louisiana Studies Historical Preservation (go to Contents, then select illustrations) Vernacular Designs http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Vernacular.html Eastender RestorationEarly American Homes http://www.e-restores.com/earlyamerican/

98. Historic_bridgesandmills Paintings of historic covered bridges and mills. Includes information about the sites depicted. http://www.geocities.com/linda.benbow@sbcglobal.net/historic_bridgesandmills.htm

HISTORIC BRIDGES AND MILLS COVERED BRIDGES To some romantics and nostalgic dreamers covered bridges and mills must hold some enchantment for biographical and fiction books have been written about them such as "The Covered Bridge" and "The Mill on the Floss" and there are many art works of the scenic places surrounding them trying to capture a part of the past. I have been drawn to these scenic places for many years and enjoy doing paintings and drawings of them and have accumulated a large collection of which I continue to add to. Back in the days when wood was plentiful bridges were covered in an attempt to prevent timber rot and were shelters from sudden storms. Other claims were to keep heavy snow from blocking passages, a bridge looked like a barn and this would keep away the fear of animals crossing,and horses passing through wouldn't bolt, because they couldn't see the rushing water below. For courting couples they were "kissing bridges" and for children they were "wishing bridges". Fire and vandalism was some of the destroyers of covered bridges and there seemed to be no protection from this.

99. Country Sketches - Pen And Ink Illustrations Features prints of original pen and ink works by Cheryl Johnson. Subjects include wildlife, owls, birds, covered bridges, and country buildings. http://www.countrysketches.com/

LIMITED EDITIONS Prints are signed, numbered Sorry, your browser doesn't support Java(tm). New Hampshire Artist Catalog Request View Gallery Contact Us ... Natural NE Magazine Country Sketches PO Box 221 Campton NH 03223

100. Midnight Exposure Night Photography Night photos featuring covered bridges, American landmarks, and a Civil war base. http://home.insight.rr.com/lostohio/home.htm

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