21. SYNOPSIS OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY SYNOPSIS OF brazilian history. 1500 Discovery of Brazil by Portuguese navigator Cabral Territory named after the dyewood trees found there. http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/brazil0.htm

ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT Thayer Watkins SYNOPSIS OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY 1500 Discovery of Brazil by Portuguese navigator Cabral: Territory named after the dye-wood trees found there. 1532 First colony established by Martim Afonso de Sousa: 1533-1807 Rule of Brazil as part of Portugal's Empire: Sugar cane growing developed primarily in the Northeast 1808 Portugese monarchy is transferred to Brazil to escape Napoleonic Wars. 1822 Independence of the Brazilian Empire under Dom Pedro: 1888 Abolition of slavery. 1890 Overthrow of the Emperor and establishment of the First Republic. Emergence of an oligarchy of a planter class, rise of liberal constitutionalists in politics and commercial interests in the economy. Decentralization of power to the states. States such as Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais, relatively more powerful than the federal government of Rio de Janeiro. Rio Grande do Sul, the state in the far south of Brazil, with its gauchos played a crucial, volatile role in Brazilian politics. 1922 Dissent within the federal military. Revolt at Copacabana Fort in Rio de Janeiro. Sixteen young officers killed. Rise of the "Tenente" (literally lieutenant) movement among young officers opposed to the domination of the political and economic systems by the planter families. Many of the tenentes came from poor, backward states lacking in political influence.

22. History 508:360 The History of Brazil explores the major themes of brazilian history since de Léry, J. History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, Otherwise Called http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~triner/brazil02.htm

History of Brazil History 508:360 Rutgers University Fall 2002 Gail D. Triner Office Hours: e-mail: triner@ix.netcom.com web site: http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~triner Office Hours: by appointment The History of Brazil explores the major themes of Brazilian history since independence. Brazil currently accounts for about half of Latin America, in population, geographic area and economic size. The country has experienced extremes in its history; and today it straddles the First and Third Worlds. This course develops insight on how Brazil reached its current condition. It covers social, political, economic and cultural developments. The major themes that we will focus on include: the nature and effect of slavery on Brazil, the tensions between continuity/change and between individual/society in Brazilian history. Please read the syllabus carefully; it includes: a description of the course and its requirements readings for the course a schedule of class sessions and assignments writing guidelines to assist you in writing papers instructions for subscribing to the class listserv classroom policies All students should subscribe to the listserv for the class. Once subscribed, you should check your e-mail often enough to remain current on information distributed over the listserv. A separate page gives you instructions to subscribe and to send messages. The class web site and listserv provide means for me to communicate to the class any administrative information you may need as we go through the semester. Extra credit opportunities will appear on my web site (under the tab "Current Announcements") and the listserv occasionally through the term. Most importantly, I hope the listserv will provide an opportunity to pursue discussions that we do not have time for during class sessions.

23. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Brazilian History, Biographies Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides encyclopedia articles covered under this topic. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/categories/brazhistbio.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 19, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia A-Z ... Biographies Brazilian History, Biographies Articles Artur da Costa e Silva CAndido Mariano da Silva Rondon EmIlio GarrastazU MEdici EmIlio GarrastazU MEdici ... Tiradentes SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Par Web Solutions Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.

24. AllRefer.com - Fernando Henrique Cardoso (Brazilian History, Biography) - Encycl AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Fernando Henrique Cardoso, brazilian history, Biographies. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/C/CardosoFe.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 19, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Brazilian History, Biographies ... Fernando Henrique Cardoso By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z C Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Brazilian History, Biographies Related Category: Brazilian History, Biographies Fernando Henrique Cardoso [f u OO A nr E u kArd O OO Pronunciation Key Cardoso was elected president in 1994 and soon moved to reduce government involvement in the economy and attract foreign investment to Brazil. He was reelected in 1998, but his second term saw increased popular dissatisfaction with economic austerities and inequities, struggles in his four-party coalition, and legislative intransigence that hindered his effectiveness. Nonetheless his years in office saw the solidification of Brazilian democracy, a reduction of patronage in the government bureaucracy, improvements in education and rural health care, and the resettlement of nearly 600,000 landless peasant families. Topics that might be of interest to you: Brazil Luiz InAcio da Silva Related Categories: People History History Latin America and the Caribbean ... Biographies More articles from AllRefer Reference on Fernando Henrique Cardoso SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities.

25. History Brazil This pathfinder contains electronic resources on the history of Brazil which Also provides a chronology of brazilian history with appropriate links. http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/corc.oclc.org/WebZ/XPathfinderQuery16c2.html

26. Search Engines Brazil bibliography of books and articles concerning brazilian history is the to a wide variety of subjects relating to brazilian history is the University http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/corc.oclc.org/WebZ/XPathfinderQuery3552.html

27. Make Brazilian History make brazilian history last modified Mon, 25 Jul 1613 BRT. please flag with care miscategorized prohibited spam discussion best of http://rio.craigslist.org/com/86829840.html

rio.craigslist.org general last modified: Fri, 9 Sep 06:09 BRT Date: 2005-07-25, 4:13PM BRT This posting has expired. feedback forum

28. Historical Text Archive Articles Notes On Periods In Colonial This was important in brazilian history, for it allowed for unfettered Brazilian The boombust theory of Brazilian economic history is overstated. http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=289

29. Islam In Brazil - Convert Maria Moreira Examines The History And Current State O Brazil A Muslim History? Next April, Brazil will celebrate 500 years of its discovery In traditional brazilian history, the discovery of the country is http://www.islamfortoday.com/brazil.htm

About this Site Basic Islamic Beliefs What's New Muslims Today ... Search this site Islam in Brazil Convert Maria Moreira examines the history and current state of the Muslim community in Latin America's largest country. Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. Although there are no official statistics, the Muslim population in Brazil is estimated to be approximately 1 million people, with a total population of more than 170 million. This number includes converts to Islam, Arab immigrants and their descendants. Brazilian converts make up for no more than 1% of this number, about 10,000 people. Therefore, within a population of over 170 million, the small number that make up Brazilian converts to Islam have very little power. Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world. However, in Latin America, and specifically in Brazil, this is not the case. Why? One could argue that this is due to the strong influence of the Catholic Church. Brazil is considered to be the largest Catholic country in the world. However, a closer look proves that this is not true. Despite its strong presence, Catholicism has been losing followers in Brazil to other religions. The argument has also been made that it is due to the Latin culture, which encourages Brazilians to always be playing, dancing and engaging in activities that are not lawful in Islam. As such, it is assumed that Brazilians simply aren't fit to be Muslims. This is generally the excuse used by those responsible for Dawah work in Brazil for their failure. It is, of course, not true. Brazilians are, by nature, very religious and have in the past been an easy prey to all sorts of innovative religious movements. So, what is really happening?

30. KU Workshop: Brazil TOPIC brazilian history DATE Spring 1998 PRESENTED BY Jana Krentz F25012659 - brazilian history. PQ9000-9999 - Portuguese Literature http://www.ku.edu/~mollas/mollasworkshops/jkwsbrazil.html

DEPARTMENT FOR SPAIN, PORTUGAL AND LATIN AMERICA 303 Watson Library University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045 SPLAT homepage: http://www.ukans.edu/~splat/ TOPIC: Brazilian History DATE: Spring 1998 PRESENTED BY: Jana Krentz FINDING BOOKS IN THE KU LIBRARY SUGGESTED SUBJECT HEADINGS General: Brazil-History; Brazil-History-1500-1640; Brazil-History-Guarani War, 1754-1756; Rio de Janeiro (Brazil : State)-History; Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)-History (for the city of Rio de Janeiro) Politics: Brazil-Politics and Government-1763-1821; etc. Other: Brazil-Antiquities; Brazil-Social conditions; Brazil-Economic conditions-18th century CALL NUMBER RANGES F2501-2659 - Brazilian History PQ9000-9999 - Portuguese Literature REFERENCE BOOKS Bibliographies: Hartness, Ann. Brazil in Reference Books, 1965-1989: an Annotated Bibliography. 1991 (Reference Z 1671 .H39 1991) Brazilian Curriculum Guide Specialized Bibliography Series (Reference) - various subjects - check under series title in OCAT Dictionaries: Dicionário histórico-biográfico brasileiro, 1930-1983. (Reference 2504 .D53 1984)

31. Directory Of Digitized Collections: Theme/History/Brazilian History Top Theme History brazilian history. Collections. Center for Research Libraries, Brazilian Government Document Digitization Project http://www.unesco.org/cgi-bin/webworld/digicol/page.cgi?g=Theme/History/Brazilia

32. BIC all of brazilian history from the point of view of the colonized. loves and almost a century s worth of tumultuous brazilian history drift in and http://www.brazilinfocenter.org/

HOME PAGE BRAZIL NEWS CONTACT BRAZIL BRAZILTECH ... BIC MEMBERS Search Contact Brazil: Brazil Information Center 2141 Wisconsin Ave. NW Suite M Washington DC 20007 Tel: (202) 471.4020 Fax: (202) 471.4024 CORPORATE MEMBERS Banco do Brasil Brazilian Embassy Cutrale Embraer ... Petrobras SPONSORS Abigraf Actminds IBS Noordtek Simagran Sindicato do Cafe TAM Airlines MEMBERS Ambev Atech BMF BNDES ... Stefanini Brazil Information Center > Useful links WHAT'S NEW BRAZIL PRESS BRAZILnews July 2005 Check the July edition: http://www.brazilinfocenter.org/bic-brazilnews.html BRAZILIAN FILM FESTIVAL At the Brazilian-American Cultural Institute - 4719 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Washington DC 20016 www.bacidc.org Showings: Thursdays at 7:00 pm With the collaboration of TAM Brazilian Airlines Caramuru Brazil Reinvented, a film by Guel Arraes Caramuru - A Invenção do Brasil Thursday, September 22, at 7:00 p.m. At the Brazilian-American Cultural Institute - 4719 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Washington DC 20016 www.bacidc.org Starring Camila Pitanga, Selton Mello, Deborah Secco, Tonico Pereira, Luis Melo, Debora Bloch, Pedro Paulo Rangel, Diogo Vilela. Chico Buarque A film by Beto Brant Thursday May 26, 7:00 p.m.

33. Brazil Shopping - Books - Brazilian History Selected books about Brazilian music. Amazon Fiction Business Economics Gov Politics Music. Books written by exPeace Corps Brazil Volunteers http://www.expcvsbrazil.com/brshopping/books/history.htm

Peace Corps Brazil Volunteers and Staff My State My Group The Staff Add Me pcv staff Articles FOB ... Site Map Search Now: Updated: 29 April, 2005 Brazil Shopping Books Brazilian History Amazon Fiction Music Books written by exPeace Corps Brazil Volunteers Subscribe to expcvsbrazil Powered by groups.yahoo.com WWW www.expcvsbrazil.com

34. 500 Years Of Brazil brazilian history. 1500 Pedro Álvares Cabral discovers Brazil and claims it as a Portuguese territory 1530 Sugar production begins http://library.thinkquest.org/C005537/history.html

Brazilian History Pedro Álvares Cabral discovers Brazil and claims it as a Portuguese territory Sugar production begins The first settlements are made in São Vicente and Piratininga Francisco de Orellana begins exploring the Amazon Jesuits begin Christianizing Brazil French colonize Guanabara Bay The French are expelled from Guanabara Bay Salvador da Bahia is momentarily taken by the Dutch The Dutch take over Pernambuco and Recife then try without triumph to overcome the Northeast The Dutch are defeated and ousted Gold and diamond mining takes place of sugar production as top crop Coffee crop is brought into Brazil The capital is shifted from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro Fleeing from Napoleon's army, King João VI of Portugal moves the seat of the Portuguese government to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and opens Brazilian ports to foreign trade Brazil is entitled the, "Kingdom of Brazil," by Portugal João VI returns to Portugal Brazil asserts its independence and crowns Pedro I as emperor America recognizes Brazil's independence Portugal and Britain recognize Brazil's independence The African slave trade is proscribed Slavery is terminated by the Golden Law The first constitution is drawn up Brazil declares war on Germany in WWI The New State (Estado Novo) is instituted and the constitution is revised Brazil joins WWII against the Axis Powers Brazil sends the Brazilian Expeditionary Force to Italy The first steel mill in Brazil goes into production

35. Peruvian Brazilian History NikkeiPeruvian and Nikkei-Brazilian Background and History. History Repeats Itself So They Say Peruvians and Brazilians of Japanese descent (Nikkei http://www.conncoll.edu/academics/departments/transnat/history/pbhist.html

Nikkei-Peruvian and Nikkei-Brazilian Background and History History Repeats Itself...So They Say... Peruvians and Brazilians of Japanese descent (Nikkei Peruvians and Nikkei Brazilians) living in Oizumi are part of a larger group of Nikkei Peruvians and Nikkei Brazilians living throughout Japan. This section will outline the following: (1) Japanese migration to Peru and Brazil beginning in 1899 and 1908 and continuing through the early portion of this century. (2) The return migration of Peruvians and Brazilians of Japanese descent to Japan in the 1990s. Japanese emigration began in 1868 "in moments of turmoil as the new Meiji government replaced the Tokugawa shogunate" (Gardiner 1975: 23). Having first flocked to the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States, the Japanese were becoming familiar with eastward emigration by 1899. Thus, when the Japanese government was then "denied the opportunity to send further emigrants to Hawaii and the U.S.," it was eager to look to Peru [and Brazil] as a potential destinations for Japanese (and Okinawan) workers (Takenaka 1997: 15). The first Japanese settlers arrived on Peruvian shores in 1899 with temporary intentions of making money and returning to Japan. However, the majority stayed in Peru, battled disease and difficulty, but by "the end of 1909, of the total of 6,295 immigrants to Peru, 5, 158 still lived there" (Gardiner 1975: 29). Japanese migration to Peru continued at a steady increase until "1923, when Japanese migration to Peru by contract was abolished" (Gardiner 1975: 33).

36. Second Largest Rate Of Amazon Deforestation In Brazilian History | Greenpeace In Greenpeace today reacted with condemnation and outrage to the new Amazon deforestation figures released by the Brazilian Government. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/second-largest-rate-of-am

@import url("/raw/content/international/assets/stylesheets/secondary-css-migration-overwr.css"); @import url("/raw/content/international/assets/stylesheets/page-actions.css"); Skip navigation Greenpeace Home Press Centre ... 20th anniversary of the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior Pages above: Press Centre Press releases Second largest rate of Amazon deforestation in Brazilian history 19 May 2005 Print Send Manaus BRAZIL More than 70% of Amazon loss occurred between May and July 2004, when President Lula's Action Plan to Curb Deforestation had already been adopted. The Plan, which was presented in March 2004, took seven months of elaboration and had the participation of 13 Ministries committing resources, defining responsibilities and setting a timetable. "Clearly Lula's administration has failed up to now to implement the Action Plan and to protect the Amazon,"said Paulo Adario, Greenpeace Amazon Campaign Coordinator. "Although there have been positive measures taken by the Government, such as the creation of protected areas and demarcation of Indigenous lands, the fact that the annual average of deforestation has been more than 23,000 km2 for the last three years is simply unacceptable. This is a national shame." During the same period, Lula's Government has celebrated the rapid expansion in grain production and world leadership in meat exports, with the Minister of Treasury Antonio Palocci declaring, "Agribusiness is the best business of Brazil (1). "

37. Government Announces Second Highest Rate Of Amazon Deforestation In Brazilian Hi Second Highest Rate of Amazon Deforestation in brazilian history Manaus, Brazil — Greenpeace today reacted with condemnation and outrage to the new http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/press/releases/government-announces-second-hi

@import url("/raw/content/usa/assets/stylesheets/pixels.css"); @import url("/raw/content/usa/assets/stylesheets/header-graphic.css"); @import url("/raw/content/usa/assets/stylesheets/gpioverwrite.css"); Skip navigation Greenpeace Greenpeace Take Action ... Make a Donation You Are Here: Press Center News Releases Government Announces Second Highest Rate of Amazon Deforestation in Brazilian History May 19, 2005 Print Send Manaus Brazil More than 70 percent of Amazon loss occurred between May and July 2004, after President Lula's "Action Plan to Curb Deforestation" had been adopted. The plan, which was presented in March 2004, took seven months of elaboration and had the participation of 13 ministries committing resources, defining responsibilities and setting a timetable. "Clearly Lula's administration has failed up to now to implement the Action Plan and to protect the Amazon," said Paulo Adario, Greenpeace Amazon Campaign Coordinator. "Although there have been positive measures taken by the government, such as the creation of protected areas and demarcation of Indigenous lands, the fact that the annual average of deforestation has been more than 23,000 square kilometers for the last three years is simply unacceptable. This is a national shame." During the same period, Lula's Government has celebrated the rapid expansion in grain production and world leadership in meat exports, with the Minister of Treasury Antonio Palocci declaring, "Agribusiness is the best business of Brazil."

38. Portuguese And Brazilian History At The Newberry Library Portuguese and brazilian history at the Newberry Library. http://www.newberry.org/collections/greenlee.html

Portuguese and Brazilian History The William B. Greenlee Collection William B. Greenlee (1872-1953) was a Newberry Library Trustee whose generosity greatly enhanced the Library's collections. Greenlee was an interested amateur student who studied Portuguese and Brazilian history in the Ayer Collection, meanwhile collecting books on his own. In 1937 he transferred his Portuguese library to the Newberry, where he worked among his books, selecting new titles and editing a volume of voyages to Brazil for the Hakluyt Society. The collection, numbering over 10,000 volumes, is particularly strong in these areas: Periodicals, gazeteers, bibliographies and collections of documents Travel literature and special subjects relating to social life and customs Biography General Portuguese history and literature, especially colonial expansion Local history and description While purposely not focussing on first editions of old and rare books, the Greenlee Collection has been built into one of the world's finest working libraries of Luso-Brasilian research materials. In addition to print material, the Greenlee collection contains 226 Portuguese manuscripts, 1660-1815. The acquisition of over 15,000 16th through 19th century Portuguese leaflets, pamphlets and booklets in recent years, has added further research depth to this great collection. Greenlee collection acquisitions to 1978 are described in A Catalogue of the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portuguese History and Literature and the Portuguese Materials in the Newberry Library

39. Newberry Library | A Bibliographical Guide Local and Family History. Lusobrazilian history, Music. Philippine History Luso-brazilian history. Mosner, Gerald. Portuguese Pamphlets. http://www.newberry.org/collections/bibguide.html

Bibliographical Guide to Newberry Collections Table of Contents This bibliography is a list of catalogues, guides, checklists, books, articles and papers descriptive of Newberry collections and subject strengths. Originally compiled in 1993, it is updated as necessary. Some sources are widely available. Newberry call numbers and locations are listed after each entry. Copies of each guide may be printed online ( use the tag at the bottom of each guide ) or persons interested in purchasing photocopies may send a request to the Reference Department at reference@newberry.org History of the Newberry Library and Overview of the Collections History of the Library Guides to the Collections Newberry Publications Indexed in this Guide Research Collections at the Newberry Library American History American Indian History American Literature British History ... Philippine History Manuscript and Archival Collections at the Newberry Library Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts Modern Manuscripts Collection Railroads Return to the Table of Contents ... The Newberry Library Home Page History of the Newberry Library A narrative history and a brief description of the Library's collections may be found in the About the Newberry section of this Web site. What follows is a bibliography of books and articles relating to the history of the Newerry.

40. THE FASHIONING OF A REVOLUTIONARY TRADITION It largely became significant in brazilian history in 1889, when Republicans attempted to define their movement to establish a new Brazilian Republic in http://faculty.fullerton.edu/nfitch/history110b/mem.html

THE FASHIONING OF A REVOLUTIONARY TRADITION The invention of a tradition, in this case the invention of a tradition in which the French Revolution was cast as deeply imbedded in Brazilian history, occurs because of the power of language and symbols to form ideas, which, in turn, can be used as a resource in the mobilization of political power. Various images of the past are repeated in such a way that they shape a popular understanding of the present that can be grasped without serious reflection. As Patrick Hutton argued, "ultimately the problem of history is a problem of commemoration, that is, of identifying and inventorying those events, ideas, or personalities chosen by the power brokers of an earlier [and the present] age for remembrance." The fabrication of the legacy of the French Revolution in Brazilian History depended upon a specific reading of the French Revolution and its significance. The thrust of this reading was ironically commensurate with that of many French historians who wanted to forget the Revolution . In short, it depended upon a history of the revolution that largely focused upon the way in which the events that transpired in 1789 ended the Old Regime. Very few of the commemorative histories of the French Revolution published in popular Brazilian literature in 1989 included much about the

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