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         Brazilian & African Religions:     more detail
  1. African religions and the valorisation of Brazilians of African descent by Pierre Verger, 1977
  2. African religions and the valorisation of Brazilians of African descent: Paper presented at a seminar, Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ife, February 1977 by Pierre Verger, 1977
  3. Fragments of Bone: Neo-African Religions in a New World
  4. Manipulating the Sacred: Yoruba Art, Ritual, and Resistance in Brazilian Candomble (African American Life Series) by Mikelle Smith Omari-Tunkara, 2006-01-01
  5. The Big Bang: In the Beginning Was the Drum
  6. The Big Bang: In the Beginning Was the Drum by Various Artists, 1994-12
  7. Working paper by José Jorge de Carvalho, 2000

1. The Brazilian Wax
The Brazilian Wax. A cult of pain has swept the Western World over the last few years.
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Brazilian Bikini Wax
Brazilian Bikini Wax Website Copyright 2001 Laura Addario. All rights reserved.
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Brazil Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library Of
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party. Liberal Front Party Liberal Front Party. Brazilian Labor Party. Democratic Labor Party. Workers' Party
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. The Brazilian Wax By Rosepetal
Brazilian wax, waxing those most private parts
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. The Wonders Of Brazil
Brazilian shows on Radio Stations in the USA and the World NEW! Brazilian Fauna (E/P) really cool!
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Rep Blica Federativa Do Brasil
Pagina do governo federal. Informa es sobre o governo brasileiro, o presidente da rep blica, os estados, e os s mbolos e hinos (hinos em Tempo Real
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Brazil News 24/7 - Nothing But Brazil - Brazzil Magazine - Fresh
Englishlanguage magazine dealing with Brazilian politics, economy, behavior, music, tourism, ecology and culture in general. It also has classified
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Embassy Of Brazil
A widerange of information on Brazil and the activities of the Brazilian Embassy in the United States, as well as links to Brazilian institutions.
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Embassy Of Brazil In London Welcome
With an overview of the relations between Brazil and the UK, information on state visits and bilateral agreements, and a list of Brazilian
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Brazilian Tourism Portal
one only discovers upon arrival the Brazilian people. The Brazilian way See details Mercosul Brazilian Tourism Portal. Links. Contact us
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. African-Based Religions
An introduction to Candomble, an Afrobrazilian religion, by one of the oldest terreiros in Site discusses practices in Africa, Cuba and Brazil.
http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/AfroCuban.html
African-Based Religions More Information: Orisha, Ifa,
Palo Monte
Vodou Candomble ... Newsgroups, List Goups, etc Translation Sites Babel Fish Dictionary. com T here are a variety of interesting sites focused on African and Afro-Caribbean Religions. This page has pulled together links I find interesting. Some of these sites I agree with, others I don'tall are interesting. But don't believe everything you read! M y introduction to discusses the basic cosmology of Orisha religion in the New World. M y bibliography of African-based religious lists books you may find interesting. The listed books should be generally available in the larger bookstores and libraries. M y FAQ answers many of the questions I have received concerning these religions. Please check it out before sending me email requesting help.
Orisha, Ifa, Palo Monte
  • Orisha List Home Page . The official webpage for the OrishaList mail list . This site has recently moved and is in the process of being re-installed. On former site the contributors have put together a wide ranging page with lots of interesting articles. This was the source for the readings of the year from Oyotunji Village. OrishaNet . Another view of Lukumi put together by Baba Eyiogbe, a babalawo in Seattle. More good information here, including a Lucumi Vocabulary page. Worth a visit for the beautiful picture of Oshun on the opening page.

12. Religious Movements Homepage: Macumba
Place Most of the slaves who incorporated their religion into brazilian culture were from Africa. New Trends and Developments in african religions.
http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/macu.html
Macumba/Candomble
I. Profile Report
  • Name: Macumba is the "umbrella" term used for two principle forms of African spirit worship: Candomble and Umbanda . It is the Brazilian equivalent of Voudon and Santeria . Although macumba is associated with black magic, a more appropriate term is Quimbanda
  • Founder: Black slaves shipped to Brazil in the 1550s brought the worship of African Gods, or orishas , to Brazil.
  • Date of Birth: Not applicable
  • Birth Place: Most of the slaves who incorporated their religion into Brazilian culture were from Africa.
  • Year Founded:
  • Brief History: When the Portugese began shipping slaves to Brazil in the sixteenth century, the country already had an amalgamation of religions. Catholicism was desperately trying to rid the area of the native Indian beliefs. The slaves found their beliefs in spirits and magic synonymous with native faiths. The two intertwined; while the slaves outwardly worshipped under the Catholic faith, they covertly carried on their religious beliefs until their liberation in 1888. At least fifteen generations of slaves had grown up with a belief in the orishas Candomble , like Santeria, resembles Yoruban religions. The name derives from the celebration held on coffee plantations by the blacks. The first center for
  • 13. Beliefnet.com
    See also african religions for other related categories. This branch of Afrobrazilian religion has been in decline since the 1960s,
    http://www.beliefnet.com/boards/message_list.asp?discussionID=8429

    14. African, Indigenous And Syncretic Religions In Latin America
    Candomblé, an Orisha based religion in Brazil. Ifa Orisha Santeria Resources about Umbanda, a brazilian faith with african and Amerindian influences.
    http://www.lasculturas.com/lib/libOrisaInd.htm

    15. SurfWax: News, Reviews And Articles On African Religions
    Richard Hoskins, an expert in african religions and cultural and religious crime, brazilian Candomble and the original african religions, notes Medina,
    http://news.surfwax.com/religion/files/African_Religions.html
    SurfWax News Index Track News Save/Exchange Information About Us
      News and Articles on African Religions
      Religion, Politics And Development In Ghana: Part I Sep 11, 2005

      However, many will be surprised to realize that in the teachings of the Traditional African Religions, Christianity and Islam, more is required of us in relation to the welfare of the members of our society (including justice, kindness, honesty and compassion) than prayer. Read the Bible, Quran, and investigate your local religion, and this fact is hard to miss. (Ghana Web, Ghana)
      In Praise of the Beef Cow
      Sep 9, 2005
      African religions, with no written scriptures, have many stories, which were passed down by word of mouth, about God giving cattle to man and man being responsible for taking care of the cattle. Christopher Columbus brought cattle to North America, but maybe not the first ones. (Klamath Falls Cascade Magazines, OR)
      Antjie Krog: Poetry breeds sensibility, understanding
      Sep 4, 2005
      (South Africa) is a country with a fractured morality whites have a particular morality, blacks have a particular morality, Christians have a particular morality and African religions have a particular morality. My thinking is that as white people, we have had 300 years of saying what we want. (Jakarta Post, Indonesia Features)
      More of this story
      Aug 19, 2005

    16. African American Registry: Macumba, Another Source Of African Spirituality!
    It is the brazilian equivalent of Voudon and Santeria. Although macumba is connected New Trends and Developments in african religions. Westport, CT
    http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2618/Macumba_another_source_o
    Macumba, another source of African spirituality! Home What Happened on Your Birthday? Search the Registry
    by Category
    ... Contact May 11
    *This date in 1550, celebrates the Macumba/Candomble religion. This is one of many African based faiths practiced in the Americas.
    Macumba is the "umbrella" term used for two principle forms of African spirit worship: Candomble and Umbanda. It is the Brazilian equivalent of Voudon and Santeria. Although macumba is connected with black magic, a more suitable term is Quimbanda. When the Portuguese began shipping Black slaves to Brazil in the sixteenth century, the country already had an mixture of religions. Catholicism was desperately trying to rid the area of the native Indian beliefs. The slaves found their beliefs in spirits and magic synonymous with their native faiths. The two blended; while the slaves on the surface worshipped under the Catholic faith, they secretly carried on their religious beliefs until their liberation in 1888.
    At least fifteen generations of slaves had grown up with a belief in the orishas. Candomble, resembled Yoruban African religions. The name comes from the celebration held on coffee plantations by the Blacks. The first community for Candomble was in Salvador, the old capital city of Brazil. The religion's spiritual leaders are women, or high priestesses. Originally, the men held these roles, but as slaves they had to spend their days in the field. Umbanda derives from the Hindu aum-gandha, meaning "divine principle." It gathers its beliefs about spirits and spiritual healing from both African religions and Hinduism and Buddhism. Umbandistas also communicate with Catholic saints, but through intermediaries (ancestors).

    17. Department Of African-American Studies
    Analyze the role of african religion as a social force in Africa and the Diaspora. Roger Bastide, ANew Social Framework for Afro brazilian religions@,
    http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwaad/syllabus/aas_4230.htm
    Department of African-American Studies
    Home
    Newsletter Programs Courses ... Back to Courses Course Syllabus AAS 4230/RelS 4230
    Religions of the African World
    Fall 2000
    Professor: Akinyele Omowale Umoja, Ph.D.
    Assistant Professor of African-American Studies
    Office: 1 Park Place South, Room 962
    Phone: 404-651-1195
    e-mail: aadaku@langate.gsu.edu
    Office Hours: Tuesday noon-1p.m., Thursday 3:00pm-4:00 p.m.
    or by appointment Course Description A Religions of the African World will examine indigenous African faith systems on the African Continent and African derived religions in the New World . This course will focus on a description of African cosmology, rituals and practices, and a selected examination of African religion as a social force on the African continent and the Diaspora. While recognizing the unique characteristics of the various African ethnic groups, the course will present evidence of a coherent unity of spiritual systems in indigenous sub-Saharan Africa. A Religions of the African World lays a foundation for understanding Black religious experience in the United States. In this way AAS 4230/RelS4230 serves as a compliment to African-American Religion in the African-American Studies curriculum. AAS 4230/RelS 4230 also compliments the current curriculum of the study of Religions at GSU by contributing religious experience of African civilization.

    18. 500 Years Of Brazil
    The mixtureof Catholicism with african paganism resulted in religions We will discuss the two major Afrobrazilian religions, Candomblé and Umbanda.
    http://library.thinkquest.org/C005537/religions.html
    The Religions of Brazil
    The Christian Religions
    Christianity has a very important place in Brazilian society. After all, Brazil is the second largest Christian country on Earth. Roman Catholicism Though Brazil has no official or state religion, Roman Catholicism is by far, the religion of the majority of the inhabitants of Brazil. Brazil's deep roots in Roman Catholicism were first instilled by Portuguese missionaries, which in the early days of colonization, were usually Jesuits. These foundations remain in modern day society and were given a boost in the 1950's by emigration from primarily Catholic countries such as Italy, Germany, and Poland.
    What makes Brazilian Roman Catholicism different from any other form of Roman Catholicism is the way that many Brazilians have included famous religious figures from Brazil in their worship. For example, many people pray to figures like Padre Cícero, a deceased priest from the area of Ceará. There are also many pilgrimage spots around the country, one of them being where the patron saint of Brazil, Nossa Senhora da Aparecida (Our Lady of the Appearance) appeared. Protestantism In the past twenty or so years, Protestantism has increased in popularity. The 1991 census revealed 19.2% of Brazil to be Protestant. Members of the Assembly of God make up approximately half of this percentage. Denominations that have shown the greatest increases are fundamentalist groups that have strict rules in the manner of dress, gambling and drug use.

    19. The Contribution Of Africa To The Religious Heritage Of The World: Excerpts From
    african religious traditions and Christianity have truly been brought together religions such as Haitian Voodoo, Cuban Santeria and brazilian Candomblé,
    http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/interreligious/cd37-13.html
    The contribution of Africa to the religious heritage of the world
    Excerpts from the welcome address
    Hans Ucko

    The World Council of Churches rededicated itself at the Eighth Assembly in Harare, Zimbabwe 1998 to "the African dream and agenda for the 21st century" and adopted a statement, which expressed a will and desire to engage creatively and in solidarity with Africa, stimulating a new way of looking at Africa. It is a focus on Africa. Such a focus is needed and the WCC Assembly did not have to go long to explain why the churches ought to be engaged for the well-being of Africa: half of Africa is at present at war in their own countries, the refugee crisis, the effects of globalisation, poverty, terrorism, the health crisis and the spread of Aids. The problems, which are certainly not to be ignored, do however shape an image of Africa as a continent full of needs, which has little to offer. The most common seems to be to focus on the continent of Africa, not from the point of view of its positive achievements, but from its problems. This consultation, which we hope will yield fruits for an ongoing process on the theme "The contribution of Africa to the religious heritage of the world", should challenge the perception of Africa as being mainly on the receiving end or as a source of poor health and ongoing conflicts. What prompts us is not apologetics but as far as we can understand it, we would like to provide space for the integrity of Africa, because we have seen and understood that Africa is vibrant and present way beyond its geographical location.

    20. Afro-brazilian Cults: New & Used Books Category Search Result For Afro-brazilian
    Fragments Of Bone Neoafrican religions In A New World Kingdoms Come Religion and Politics in Brazil By Rowan Ireland
    http://www.fetchbook.info/fwd_topics/id_1824520.html

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    List Price $29.95 / Similar to Afro-Brazilian Culture and Politics:... Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomble (Illustrated) By Paul Christopher Johnson Hardcover / 225 Pages / Oxford Univ Pr on Demand / July 2002 / 0195150589 List Price $19.95 / Similar to

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