81. History (from Botswana) --  Encyclopædia Britannica history (from botswana) The history of botswana is in general the history of theKalahari area, intermediate between the more populated savanna of the north http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-129469

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction The land Relief and drainage Soils Climate Plant and animal life ... Settlement patterns The people Ethnic groups Religious groups Demographic trends The economy ... Transport Administration and social conditions Government Education Health and welfare Cultural life History Early pastoral and farming peoples Khoisan-speaking hunters and herders Bantu-speaking farmers Iron Age states and chiefdoms Eastern states and chiefdoms Western chiefdoms Rise of Tswanadom Growth of Tswana states ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%!

82. WHKMLA : History Of Botswana, ToC Global Currency history botswana; Tables of Modern Monetary history Africa,from www.dollarization.org, scroll down for botswana http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/southafrica/xbotswana.html

South Africa Namibia First posted in April 2002, Last revised on March 21st 2005 Bechuanaland before 1885 Bechuanaland 1885-1918 Bechuanaland 1918-1939 Bechuanaland 1939-1965 ... Botswana independent, since 1966 EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook : Botswana ; BBC Country Profile : Botswana ; World Reference Desk : Botswana ; Art and Life in Africa : Botswana Botswana Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford Timeline : Botswana, from timelines.ws Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Botswana, from Kirken i Norge History of Botswana, from newafrica.com , 3 chapters; from Lonely Planet , from World Rover ; from IIASA Population Project Political Resources on the Net : Botswana For the Record : Botswana , from UN Human Rights System Languages of Botswana (26), from Ethnologue Article Bechuanaland, from EB 1911 Global Currency History : Botswana ; Tables of Modern Monetary History : Africa, from www.dollarization.org , scroll down for Botswana Botswana, from Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth Worldwide Refugee Information : Botswana, from U.S. Committee for Refugees

83. WHKMLA : History Of Botswana, Since 1966 Independence was declared in 1966, and botswana found itself a state with a black FILES, history of botswana, from Africanet and from Infoplease http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/southafrica/botswanaind.html

Independence, since 1966 Independence was declared in 1966, and Botswana found itself a state with a black majority government surrounded by countries where the white minority ruled - South Africa, Southwest Africa, Rhodesia. Botswana, aware of it's economic dependence on South Africa, pursued a moderate policy, publicly condemning South Africa's Apartheid policy, but not taking any action directed against it's southern neighbour. The country's recent history is characterized by peace and stability, which facilitated economic growth. Tourism is a major industry. SUN CITY just across the border from South Africa attracted many South African tourists; a major attraction was it's Casino, as South Africa had outlawed gambling. In the 1970es, the South African Army used the CAPRIVI STRIP as a basis from where it supported the Angolan UNITA rebels. A separate Caprivi administration was established, complete with flag. It was internationally not recognized; Caprivi was outside of Botswanan control. In 1990, when Namibia became independent, Bechuanaland ceded the area to Namibia. Population of Bechuanaland/Botswana, 1950-1996

84. University Of Botswana Faculty Of Humanities botswana Tel 2673553050 Fax 267-585098 e-mail history@mopipi.ub.bw. business.Finance Accounting Management Marketing. education. Adult Education http://www.ub.bw/departments/humanities/history_mission.cfm

search UB web: UB future campus official documents management documents ... INNOPAC FACULTY OF HUMANITIES - HISTORY The aims of the Department of History at the University of Botswana are: to promote awareness of the past as essential to understanding the present world; to strive to make the past relevant and important to preserve and enhance knowledge of traditional African culture to educate for responsible citizenship to improve communication of historical and archaeological findings and awareness in the wider community to defend History and the Humanities in general against tendencies to marginalize tradition and the past In line with these aims, the objectives of the Department are to establish the Department as a regional centre of excellence in training and research in History and Archaeology to produce high quality research and publications which will enhance the University's standing to provide a high quality subject content which will enable teachers to produce school leavers who will be assets to the nation to promote public understanding in Botswana of the country's past through sound scholarship and research to research and teach History which is centered on Africa but placed in a context of World History.

85. Reporting History - Botswana Bayefsky.com emcompasses the full range of data concerning the application ofthe UN human rights treaty system by its monitoring treaty bodies since their http://www.bayefsky.com/docs.php/area/rephistory/state/23

The United Nations Human Rights Treaties Home Introduction Text of the Treaties Amendments to the Treaties Documents BY STATE BY CATEGORY BY THEME OR SUBJECT MATTER How to Complain About ... Human Rights Treaty Violations New! Working Methods of the Treaty Bodies Reform of the UN Human Rights Treaty System About Bayefsky.com New! PORTAL to UN human rights treaty information Feedback? Suggestions? Contact us Can't find what you're looking for? See " By Theme or Subject Matter To link to this site, please contact us Reporting History Botswana CAT CCPR CEDAW CERD ... CRC Optional Protocol (Sale of Children/Prostitution/Pornography) Information is at July 2005. The reporting history of a state includes periodic reports (the regular reporting cycle) as well as specific requests for special reports or additional information.

86. Botswana Country Brief: History IIASA s Population Project presents the results of a project on the dynamics ofpopulationdevelopment-environment (PDE) interactions in botswana, http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/POP/pde/briefs/bw-history.html

Country Briefs: Botswana Botswana Namibia Mozambique Title Page ... Acknowledgments Version 1.0, Feb. 2001 Contents - General Information - Geography and Environment - Population and HIV/AIDS - Economy ... - Chronology of History Note: The following was drawn from the sources [1,2,3]. History Batswana is a term which stands for all citizens of Botswana, regardless of ethnic origin (note: since 1946 the population was never counted by ethnic origin). It also refers to the country's major ethnic group, the "Tswana", which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s. Before colonialization the Batswana lived as herders and farmers. . Christian missionaries started the development of a common dialect of Setswana, which was finally standardized by the colonial authorities. . The British government puts "Bechuanaland" under its protection, after hostilities between the Batswana and Boer settlers. . Proclamations in 1934 regularize tribal rule and powers. (This goes back to the eight Tswana states which ruled most of the area in the 19th century. The people of these states were given the official colonial status of "tribes".) . A European-African advisory council was formed. . The constitution established a consultative legislative council.

87. A Short History Of Botswana A Short history of botswana. The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizensof botswana, Search Google for another short history of botswana http://www.abacci.com/atlas/history.asp?countryID=152

88. A Short History Of Botswana The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of botswana, refers to the botswana is a presidential parliamentary republic and Seretse Khama is http://www.electionworld.org/history/botswana.htm

The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group, which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s. Prior to European contact, the Batswana live as herders and farmers under tribal rule. In the late 19th century, hostilities break out between the Batswana and Boer settlers from the Transvaal. After appeals by the Batswana for assistance, Britain puts the Bechuanaland Protectorate in 1885 under its protection. The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony . Proclamations in 1934 regularize tribal rule and powers. A European-African advisory council is formed in 1951 and the 1961 constitution establishes a consultative legislative council. The 1965 constitution leads to the first general elections. These elections are won by the Bechuanaland Democratic Party (BDP) of Seretse Khama. He leads the country in 1966 into independence. Bechuanaland is named the Republic of Botswana

89. Botswana (08/05) (Source Bank of botswana Annual Report 2003). PEOPLE AND history Because ofhistory and geography, botswana has long had deep ties to the economy of http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of African Affairs August 2005 Background Note: Botswana PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Botswana Geography Area: 582,000 sq. km. (224,710 sq. mi.), about the size of Texas. Cities (2001 census): Capital Gaborone (pronounced ha-bo-ro-neh), pop. 186,007. Other towns Francistown (83,023), Selebi-Phikwe (49,849), Molepolole (54,561), Kanye (40,628), Serowe (42,444), Mahalapye (39,719), Lobatse (29,689), Maun (43,776), Mochudi (36,962). Terrain: Desert and savanna. Climate: Mostly subtropical. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Motswana (sing.), Batswana (pl.). Population (2003): 1.76 million. Annual population growth rate (2002): 0.6%. Ethnic groups: Tswana 79%; Kalanga 11%; Kgalagadi, Herero, Bayeyi, Hambukush, Basarwa ("San"), Khoi, whites 10%. Religions: Christianity 70%, none 20%, indigenous beliefs 6%, other 4%. Languages: English (official), Setswana, Ikalanga. Education: Adult literacy Health (2004): Life expectancy 33.9 years.

90. International Observatory On End Of Life Care - Countries A-Z > Botswana > Palli Narrative history of Palliative Care in botswana. botswana’s public health systemcoped effectively with most of the basic health needs of the nation until http://www.eolc-observatory.net/global_analysis/botswana_pc_history.htm

Your Location: Global Analysis Home Countries A-Z Botswana > Palliative Care History Palliative Care Service Provision History and Development of Palliative Care Public Health Context Ethics References and Further Reading Choose a country Use this function to cross reference with other available countries Countries A-Z Download a Country Report Printer Friendly About Us ... Search Narrative History of Palliative Care in Botswana Holy Cross Hospice. . The service now sustains a drop-in centre, day care centre and home based care. It continues to look after children orphaned by the deaths of either or both parent(s) who were registered hospice patients. Light and Courage Centre. 1n 1998, in response to the ever-increasing number of infected individuals in Francistown, the Light and Courage Centre was established by the Francistown Multisectoral AIDS Committee (DMSAC) as a day centre to provide support and information to community members infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. The roots of the present Centre lie with the appointment of Ms Angelina Magaga as Acting Coordinator in March 2000 and the arrival in July 2000 of Mrs Olwen Donald as Nurse/Development Worker. In May 2001 the facilities were handed over to the Light and Courage Centre Trust, a community based organization managed by a Board of Trustees drawn from both the business sector and the wider community of Francistown (Deed of Trust No. 482 /2000 dated 30 November 2000). DMSAC, however, is still responsible for the co-ordination of all HIV/AIDS activities and is therefore still involved with, and supportive of, the Centre.

91. History: Botswana: Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The World, Library Of Selected Internet Resources history botswana. Portals to the World containselective links providing authoritative, indepth information about the nations http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/botswana/resources/botswana-history.htm

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Botswana Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages History: Botswana May include timelines, chronologies, biographical dictionaries, auxiliary studies (e.g. stamps and coins). Created and maintained by the Collections and Services Directorate Catholic Hierarchy: Country List (http://catholic-hierarchy.org/country/) Current and historical information about the bishops and dioceses. Encyclopedia.com (http://www.encyclopedia.com) From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on its history, culture, politics. Infoplease (http://www.infoplease.com/) Part of the electronic Learning Network, this homepage allows searches by country which yield articles in almanacs, dictionaries, encyclopedias, biographical works, etc. Additional reference links are provided as well. MSN Encart a (http://encarta.msn.com) "Posts facts about this country's geography and history along with images, maps, and news updates." Search e-library for periodical articles.

92. Botswana - Facts About Botswana Including Map And Flag Images Maps,Flags,history,Geography,Economics WorldAtlas. http//www.world-atlas.net botswana - history,Geography and Economic information http://www.world-atlas.net/Botswana

Maps,Flags,History,Geography,Economics World-Atlas [http://www.world-atlas.net] Country List: A B C D ... Botswana Botswana - History,Geography and Economic information Botswana Introduction Botswana Background: Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. Geography Botswana Location: Southern Africa, north of South Africa Geographic coordinates: 22 00 S, 24 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 600,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km land: 585,370 sq km Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Texas Land boundaries: total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km Coastline: km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: semiarid; warm winters and hot summers Terrain: predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest Elevation extremes: lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m

93. World InfoZone - Botswana Information - Page 2 botswana Information Page 2. history The World Heritage site at Tsodilo providesevidence of human habitation in the area dating back to the times of http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Botswana&page=2

94. HIV And AIDS In Botswana Information about HIV and AIDS in botswana including situation now, history, HIV/AIDS education and prevention, HIV/AIDS treatment, care and the antiretroviral therapy programme (MASA). http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm

home about AVERT contact us donate here ... Worldwide search avert.org Botswana is one of the countries that has been hardest hit by the worldwide HIV epidemic. In 2004 there were an estimated 260,000 people in Botswana living with HIV, or 350,000 according to a UNAIDS estimate for the end of 2003. This, in a country with a total population of 1.6 million, gives Botswana a prevalence rate of 36.5%, the second highest in the world after Swaziland. Life expectancy is only 39 years, while it would have been 72, if it were not for AIDS . There are around 60,000 registered orphans in the country but it is feared that Botswana will have about 200,000 orphans in 2010 if the current situation is not reversed. In an address to the UN General Assembly in 2001, the President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, said 'we are threatened with extinction. People are dying in chillingly high numbers. It is a crisis of the first magnitude.' Botswana has become the first African country to aim to provide antiretroviral therapy to its citizens on a national scale. It is believed by many that if any country in Africa is going to succeed in implementing such a comprehensive HIV/AIDS care and treatment programme, then it is Botswana. The country has enjoyed a period of unbroken peace since 1966 and has become relatively prosperous due to its diamond mines. The annual per capita income is US$3,300, amongst the highest in the area. The History of HIV/AIDS in Botswana Botswana's first AIDS case was reported in 1985. Then AIDS was seen as a disease that affected male homosexuals in the West and people from other African countries.

95. Botswana Strikes The Latest In Long History Of Diamond Deceit Independent Media is designed to be an independent media outlet for views andartistic expression which are currently not being represented by our corporate http://www.independent-media.tv/item.cfm?fmedia_id=8794&fcategory_desc=World Tra

96. AllAfrica.com Botswana Rollers Make History allAfrica African news and information for a global audience. http://allafrica.com/stories/200507251485.html

97. Botswana Flag History Prior to independence on 30 September 1966, botswana was the British protectorate of I have a history book with a map as of 1895 which shows http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bw_hist.html

98. Harvard School Of Public Health AIDS Initiative: About The Institute: History The history of HAI spans over 15 years. Scientists at HAI have helped pioneer the 2001, Dedication of the new botswanaHarvard HIV Reference Laboratory, http://www.aids.harvard.edu/overview/history.html

Quick Find... Overview About HAI Careers Support HAI Contact Information Scientific Research Major Discoveries Vaccine Development Research Studies Researchers Interactive Map Programs APIN Arthur Ashe BHP China Initiative ECI KITSO Fogarty Oak Foundation Collaborations Efforts at Harvard External Collaborations Publications News Releases HAI in the News Search Home About HAI History International Advisory Council ... Contact Information History The history of HAI spans over 15 years. Scientists at HAI have helped pioneer the field of HIV research in Africa and continue to develop and implement prevention efforts against HIV and AIDS. HAI Historic Timeline HAI established by Harvard University President Derek Bok, HSPH Dean Harvey Feinberg, and HMS Dean Daniel Tosteson. First meeting of the International Advisory Council. Official Partnership established with Thailand. Official Partnership established with Tanzania. Research Discovery: Demonstration that HIV-2 is transmitted much less efficiently than HIV-1, causes AIDS less often. Research Discovery: Demonstration that HIV-2 can partially protect against HIV-1 infection, showing for the first time in humans that vaccine protection against HIV-1 may be possible.

99. Botswana A personal, detailed guide to botswana, its history, culture, attractions andnatural history. With color photographs, maps and excellent travel information http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/d/563/pc/Southern Africa/mcms.html

Choose a Region Polar Regions North America Middle America South America Northern Europe Southern Europe Mediterranean Middle East Africa South Asia Southeast Asia Advanced Search Have An Item Number? ... Visiting SOUTHERN AFRICA Botswana READING AND TRAVEL GUIDE Click on Essential Reading for the featured set of Botswana books and a map. We offer free shipping on anything else you order with the travel books package. These items are available for , including U.S. shipping, a discount (Item no. EXBOT21A) E-mail this reading guide Printer-friendly version Select Item Bradt Guide Botswana A personal, detailed guide to Botswana, its history, culture, attractions and natural history. With color photographs, maps and excellent travel information. This British series of guidebooks is noteworthy for its focus on culture, nature and responsible travel. The Safari Companion, A Guide to Watching African Mammals BEST SELLER An invaluable encyclopedic guide to Africa's mammals by a noted scientist. Estes describes 100 large African mammals: their diet, habitats, and behavior. Written with the typical safari-goer in mind, and including black-and-white drawings, an overview of each group and in-depth information. Southern African Wildlife, A Visitor's Guide

100. History: Botswana Travel, Botswana Safaris & Tours history Travel to botswana. botswana Travel Guide, botswana Travel Guide.Book accommodation, tours, safaris, car hire and flights. http://www.bookinafrica.com/articles/130/history/info.aspx

History - Travel to Botswana. Your comprehensive guide to travelling to Botswana. Book accommodation, tours, safaris, car hire and flights. My Quotes Not logged in Home Hotels Car hire Flights ... Destinations Search: Bookmark Currency: US Dollar Pound Euro SA Rand Your Itinerary Create your own trip. Instant pricing, availability and expert advice. Existing Quotes Map of Botswana BOTSWANA Statistics Climate Currency and Credit Cards Electricity ... Security About Our Site Who we are Why travel with us? Customer Comments FAQ ... Contact Us Tours in the area Top Destinations South Africa Kruger Park Cape Town Sun City, South Africa ... Victoria Falls Travel By Activity Golf Tours African Wildlife Safaris Honeymoon Adventure Tours ... Train Tours Our 2005 Catalogue Download it here! Catalogue Booking Code: Official supplier of And Home Destinations Botswana Botswana Travel Quick Links: Tours Articles Map History Much of Botswana’s history was influenced by events that took place in present-day South Africa. At the turn of the nineteenth century many of the ancestors of Botswana’s current population resided in the north-western areas of South Africa. As population numbers began to grow, a slow movement of Batswana occurred north-west into present-day Botswana. This movement however was considerably accelerated by the advance of the Dutch settlers or Boers into the South African interior and by the warmongering activities of the Nguni clans, which resided along South Africa’s Indian ocean South East coast. The Ndebele, an offshoot of the Zulus, established themselves north of the Vaal River in north-western South Africa; precipitating the north-western migration of the Batswana into Botswana. Conflict between the Boers and the Ndebele resulted in the northward movement of the Ndebele through Botswana to their current home of Matebeleland in Zimbabwe.

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