41. CULTUREFOCUS Travel Photos. Pictures From Egypt, Peru, Africa, Syria, Jordan, In Provides travel photos taken in Egypt, Syria, Jordan, India, Nepal, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and on safaris in Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, botswana, Namibia). Includes pictures, culture, and history. http://www.culturefocus.com/

World Travel Photos: Pictures of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, India, Nepal, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia). A personal collection of travel photos featuring pictures from around the world. Sorry, this page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them. However, you can click on the links below or click here to enter my site. Photos of Nepal. Nepal pictures including Kathmandu temples, Bodhnath, Swayambhunath, and a trek near Mount Everest in the Himalaya. India pictures featuring Varanasi on the Ganges, the Taj Mahal and the Temples of Khajuraho. Egypt pictures . Photos of some wonders of ancient Egypt including the Great Pyramids of Giza, Sphinx, Luxor, Karnak and Abu Simbel. More about the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt including photos of the Great Pyramid of Khafre. More about Luxor and Karnak Temples, the temples of ancient Thebes in Egypt. More about the Valley of the Kings , tombs for Egyptian pharaohs with illustrations of Egyptian gods. Photos of Syria and Jordan featuring Palmyra and Petra.

42. Botswana History Page From around 1095 southeastern botswana saw the rise of a new culture, characterizedby a site on Moritsane hill near Gabane, whose pottery mixed the old http://www.ulinda.com/botswana-history.htm

History of Botswana (Courtesy of Neil Parsons Contents INTRODUCTION EARLY HUNTING, PASTORAL, AND FARMING PEOPLE IRON AGE CHIEFDOMS AND STATES Eastern Botswana chiefdoms ... Back to contents INTRODUCTION The history of Botswana does much more than cover a gap between the histories of neighbouring South Africa and Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola, and Zambia. In prehistoric and very recent times the Kalahari thirstlands of Botswana have been central in the historical geography of the region, as the intermediate territory between the savannas of the north and east and the steppes of the south and west. Between the 1880s and its independence in the 1960s, however, Botswana was a poor and peripheral British protectorate known as Bechuanaland. The country is named after its dominant ethnic group, the Tswana or Batswana ('Bechuana' in older variant orthography), and the national language is called Setswana (aka 'Sechuana'). Since the later 1960s Botswana has gained in international stature as a peaceful and increasingly prosperous democratic state. It has had one of the fastest growing economies in the world, rising from one of the poorest to lower-middle income level. This new prosperity has been based on the mining of diamonds and other minerals, which have built up state revenues, and on the sale of beef to Europe and the world market. There has been extensive development of educational and health facilities, in villages and traditional rural towns as well as in rapidly growing new towns. But there has also been an increasing gap between classes of new rich and new poor.

43. Culture logoGlobe.jpg (15937 bytes). bots.jpg (9516 bytes). culture botswana s earlytribal religions were primarily cults in which ancestors directed family http://www.namasthenri.com/botswana/culture.html

CULTURE Home AboutUs ContactUs Profile ... High Commission Botswana's early tribal religions were primarily cults in which ancestors directed family matters from their underworld domain and were contactable only through the heads of family groups. Religious rites included male and female initiation ceremonies and rain-making rituals. Polygamy was practised, and a man's estate was inherited by the children of his head wife. San folklore is rich with supernatural explanations of natural events, orchestrated by N!odima, the good guy, and Gcawama, the mischievous trickster. Missionaries dislodged nearly all the traditional practices, and Christianity is currently the prevailing belief system in Botswana. English is the official language of Botswana, but the most common language is Setswana, a Bantu language understood by over 90% of the population. The original Botswana artists were everyday craftspeople who injected individual aesthetics into utilitarian implements such as pottery, fabrics and tools. Botswana's baskets are exquisite, employing designs with such evocative names as Tears of the Giraffe, Urine Trail of the Bull and Forehead of the Zebra. Because indigenous languages have only been written since the coming of the Christian missionaries, Botswana doesn't have much of a literary tradition. All that survives of the ancient myths and praise poetry of the native peoples has been handed down orally and only recently transcribed. Botswana's most famous modern literary figure was South African-born Bessie Head, who settled in Serowe and wrote of the harshness and beauty of village life.

44. Botswana Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Comprehensive facts and advice for traveling along with background material on the culture and history of this Southern Africa country. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/botswana/

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Botswana Botswana Travellers with a taste for the wild side will relish Botswana. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Makgadikgadi Pans Comprised of two great salt pans, Sua and Ntwetwe, the vast Makgadikgadi Pans are like no other... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Beyond the narrow eastern corridor where the majority of the population is concentrated, Botswana is a largely roadless wilderness of savannas, deserts, wetlands and salt pans. Skinflints and softies beware: This remains a destination for the intrepid, well-heeled traveller. Travel Services Flights Hostels Hotels ... Travel Insurance lonely planet 2005 about us privacy contact us worldguide ... travel links

45. Botswana History, Culture Of Botswana, Botswana Flag, Economy Of Botswana, Histo botswana History, culture of botswana, botswana Flag, Economy of botswana, Historyof botswana, Flag of botswana, People of botswana, Information on http://www.mapsofworld.com/country-profile/botswana1.html

To provide information on Botswana, Maps of World offers map of Botswana, details of its flag, its people, its economy, its culture and other such details Maps of World People of Botswana Botswana is mainly made up of the ethnic Tswana group, who can be divided into eight tribes. In fact, the country even derives its name from this group. While 52 percent of the population resides in rural areas, the remaining section has abodes in urban areas; the majority of the population is concentrated in the eastern part of the country. Apart from Tswana group, several other people are also found, including a small section of San (Bushmen), who have inhabited the region for many centuries. Though English is the official languages, Setswana, the language of Tswana, is widely spoken. Flag of Botswana The flag of Botswana is light blue in colour with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center. Please click here to view the Flag of Botswana Economy of Botswana Taking full advantage of the discovery of mineral resources, mainly diamonds, in the late 1960s, Botswana shifted its focus from cattle industry to the diamond industry. Today, Botswana is the world's largest supplier of gem-quality diamonds, with two-thirds of the production meeting gem standards. Diamonds account for four-fifths of Botswana's annual export revenue. After the diamonds were discovered in northern Botswana in the late 1960s, the first mine was opened at Orapa in 1971, followed by a smaller mine at Letlhakane. In 1982 another mine was opened at Jwaneng, which went on to become the world's richest mine. Important deposits of copper and nickel found in the Selebi-Pikwe area are also exported, as well as soda ash and small quantities of gold. In the year 2001, some 20 million carats of gem-quality diamonds were extracted.

46. Botswana History Page 4: Culture botswana history culture. The dominant national culture of botswana todayreflects the dual heritage and intermingling of Tswana and English cultural http://ubh.tripod.com/bw/bhp4.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Murderball Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next This is a mirror site for www.thuto.org/ubh . If you have any problems, try the main site. (For this page see http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/bhp4.htm Botswana History Pages, by Neil Parsons 4: Culture To Index To end of page Back to History Home Page 1: Brief History of Botswana ... Culture Links Notes and Comments Provisional version by Neil Parsons April 1999 Introduction It is a truism to say that all countries are multicultural but at the same time are linked to globalized culture. But the recognition of multiculturalism in Botswana has been blocked, until the later 1990s, by the need to develop a unifying national culture. That national culture is based largely upon Setswana (Tswana language) culture. It represents the growth of a distinct Botswana nationality defined within state borders, and embraces elements of postcolonial English culture. Tswana national culture can be traced back to the incorporation of diverse peoples under a string of Tswana states, beginning in the later 18th century and reaching maturity by the time of British colonization at the end of the 19th century. The Tswana states, linked by the the kinship ties of their rulers speaking linked dialects of a common language, were brought together in allianceagainst common enemies between the 1850s and the 1890s. Such'tribal' federalism continued into the colonial period.

47. Directory Index botswana history culture Sport recreation culture links. botswana History Page 5 Economy......botswana History Page 4 culture. http://ubh.tripod.com/bw/

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next This is a mirror site for www.thuto.org/ubh . If you have any problems, try the main site. Index of pages Total of 29 HTML files found. Directories top colad Back to contents Top directory Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana Botswana History Page 10: Politics Botswana History Page 11: Religion Botswana History Page 12: Science ... Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana Description: Brief history of Botswana, by Prof. Neil Parsons, University of Botswana History Department Headings: -1: A Brief History of Botswana INTRODUCTION Early Hunting, Pastoral, and Farming People -Bantu-speaking farmers Iron Age Chiefdoms and States -Eastern Botswana chiefdoms -North-western Botswana chiefdoms -Rise of Tswana domination Growth of Tswana States -Times of war -Post-war Tswana commercial prosperity A British Protectorate -Threats of incorporation Advance to Independence BOTSWANA GAINS INTERNATIONAL STATURE -Economic and political growth Masire succeeds Seretse Khama Mogae succeeds Masire History Links Bibliography Botswana History Page 10: Politics Description: History of Botswana: politics Headings: -10: Politics Constitution President and Vice-President Political parties Local government Foreign policy Legal system Police and military Politics links BIBLIOGRAPHY Botswana History Page 11: Religion Description: History of Botswana: Religion

48. WillGoTo : Botswana, Culture botswana culture. botswana culture Events (1/0). Worldheritage (UNESCO) (1/1). Museums (0/0). Music and song (0/0). Same category ina different http://www.willgoto.com/1/027830/liens.aspx

Travel guide and directory Botswana Botswana Culture Events World heritage (UNESCO) ... Music and song Same category in a different destination Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Balearic islands (Spain) Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda (UK) Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia-Herzegovina Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canary islands (Spain) Cape Verde Cayman Islands (UK) Chad Chile China Colombia Congo (Brazzav.) Congo (Kinshasa) Corsica (France) Costa Rica Crete (Greece) Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Rep. Denmark Djibouti Dominican Rep. Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faroe (Denmark) Fiji Finland France French Guiana (France) French Polynesia (Fr,) Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guadeloupe (France) Guam (USA) Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Hawaii (USA) Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey/ Guernsey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea (south) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Macau (China) Macedonia Madeira (Portugal) Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Man (Isle of) Martinique (France) Mauritania Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia (France) New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palestinia Panama Papua Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico (USA) Qatar Romania Russian Fed.

49. EMBASSY OF BOTSWANA WEBSITE,. JAPAN and exposure to other cultures have greatly influenced botswana s culture.Many key features of botswana s culture have, however, survived negative http://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/culture/body1.html

Botswana is populated by no less than 20 different tribes with some originating from the neighbouring countries of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola and Namibia, giving the country a rich diversity of cultures. It is therefore not easy to make a comprehensive description of the cultures of all these tribes within the limited scope of the web-site. There are, however, common cultural features and practices, particularly amongst the tribes of "Tswana" origin, which have a common ancestry. As in many countries, urbanisation and exposure to other cultures have greatly influenced Botswana's culture. Many key features of Botswana's culture have, however, survived negative influences. In some instances, cultural practices which clashed with the objectives of colonial administrators were either suppressed or significantly curtailed. Other cultural practices, which tend to assign women a peripheral role in the family and society, are constantly being challenged. The latter have no place in a modern democratic society based on gender equality, amongst others. In order to fully understand a people's culture and traditions, it is necessary to look into their past to gain insight into their present "ways of doing things". It is in the latter context that some of the tribal ceremonies and practices, which are no longer widely practised in Botswana, have been included. Such practices were, after-all, based on fundamental values which, to this day, still hold Botswana society together.

50. EMBASSY OF BOTSWANA WEBSITE,. JAPAN Translate this page http://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/culture/index1.html

51. Habitat Botswana - Culture Habitat for Humanity botswana Expectations of Visitors. Time and effort Alcohol is not generally forbidden in this culture, but moderation is expected http://exploringtheplanet.com/botswana_culture.htm

HOME BOTSWANA - August 2002 Main Schedule About Botswana Serowe ... Links Habitat for Humanity Botswana: Expectations of Visitors Time and effort Commitment and reliability Respect for Habitat for Humanity Botswana, its personnel, policies and program. Respect for Batswana people Attendance at orientation, reflections and devotion (open for discussion) Acceptance of supervision and feedback Iniatitive and independent work depending upon skills, abilities and expertise A willingness to build houses and relationships An open mind and an open heart Compassion, punctuality and dependability Emotional stability Maturity and patience Ability to recognize one's own limitations Willingness to learn Cheerfullness and a good sense of humor Non-judgmental attitude Low anxiety Helpful Hints Be prepared for a slow pace All work on HFHB houses is done manually Let your presence be your gift ALWAYS ask permission before taking pictures, particularly in the village In some rural areas, photo taking might be opposed due to superstition

52. Botswana / Botswana :: Culture & Tourism Links : Kulturális és Idegenforgalmi International catalogue of culture and tourism. Internationaler kultureller undtouristischer Katalog. Nemzetközi kulturális és idegenforgalmi katalógus. http://katalogus.kulturinfo.hu/bw.html

ország Afganisztán Albánia Algéria Amerikai Szamoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua és Barbuda Argentína Aruba Ausztria Ausztrália Azerbajdzsán Bahamák Bahrain Banglades Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhután Bissau-Guinea Bolívia Bosznia és Hercegovina Botswana Brazília Brunei Darussalam Bulgária Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cape Verde Central African Republic Ciprus Chile Comoros Cook Szigetek Costa Rica Csehország Csád Dánia Dél-Korea Dél-Afrika Dominika Dominikai Köztársaság Dzsibuti Ecuador Egyenlítõi Guinea Egyesült Arab Emírségek Egyiptom El Salvador Elefántcsontpart Eritrea Észak-Korea Észtország Etiópia Falkland Szigetek Faroe Szigetek Fehér-Oroszország Fidzsi Finnország Francia Guiana Franciaország Fülöp-szigetek Gabon Gambia Ghana Gibraltár Görögország Grenada Grönland Grúzia Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Holland Antillák Hollandia Honduras Hong Kong Horvátország India Indonézia Irak Irán Írország Izland Izrael Jamaika Japán Jemen Jordánia Jugoszlávia Kajmán Szigetek Kambodzsa Kamerun Kanada Katar Kazahsztán Kenya Kína Kirgizisztán Kiribati Kolombia Kongó Kuba Kuvait Laosz Lengyelország Lesotho Lettország Libanon Libéria Líbia Liechtenstein Litvánia Luxemburg Macau Macedonia Madagaszkár Malawi Maldív Szigetek Mali Malájföld Málta Marokkó Marshall Szigetek Mauritania Mauritius Mexikó Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongólia Mozambik Nagy-Britannia Namíbia Nauru Németország Nepál Nicaragua Niger Nigéria Norvégia Nyugat-Szamoa Olaszország Oman Oroszország Örményország Pakisztán Palau Panama Pápua Új-Guinea Paraguay Peru Portugália Románia Ruanda Saint Kitts és Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent, Grenadines

53. AllAfrica.com Botswana [opinion] The Search For An Alternative The Search for an Alternative Music culture Their sense of volunteerism madean institution out of the Miss botswana beauty contests that ultimately put http://allafrica.com/stories/200508011240.html

54. Botswana On The Internet botswana. National Policy on culture Published by the Ministry of Labour andHome Affairs, Dept. of culture and Youth. 2001. Approved by Cabinet on 4th http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/bots.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Countries: Botswana See also: Botswana News Africa Inter Mennonite Mission "Organized as the Congo Inland Mission in 1912, AIMM currently has missionaries in six areas of Africa working among various ethnic and language groups." Based in Elkhart, Indiana. Describes their work in Botswana, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire), Lesotho, Senegal, South Africa . Has full text articles from their journal, Messenger . http://www.aimmintl.org/home.htm Has an e-mail list . For other Mennonite sources see: MennoLink - Mennonite Information Center - http://www.MennoLink.org/mic/menno.html Ananzi Search Engine Search engine which searches South African web sites. Enter a search query for Botswana or use the advanced search. By IS-Commercial of The Internet Solution Group. http://www.ananzi.co.za/ Bank of Botswana Botswana's Central Bank. Full text documents - issues of the Research Bulletin , Annual Reports, monetary policy statements, Budget Speeches, an 18 page comic book, "Money Matters" in Setswana promoting banking services. [KF] http://www.bankofbotswana.bw/

55. A Virtual Travel To Botswana botswana facts, botswana internet resources, links to botswana. Official websites of botswana, the capital of botswana, art, culture, history, cities, http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/botswana.htm

Advertise here One World - Nations Online the countries of the world Home Continents Africa Botswana Destination Botswana, a virtual travel guide to Botswana. This page aims to give you a broad overview of Motswana art, culture, people, environment, geography, history, economy and government. Beside a country profile with facts and figures, the page contains links to sources which provide you with all the information you need to know about this African nation, e.g.: official web sites of Botswana, addresses of Motswana and foreign embassies, domestic airlines, city- and country guides with extensive travel and tourism information on accomodation, tourist attractions, events and more like weather information, maps, statistics and local newspapers from Botswana. keywords: Botswana information, Botswana news papers, tourist information for Botswana, Botswana map Official Sites Map News Culture ... Additional Links Botswana Country Profile Flag of Botswana Background: Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. Botswana has a flourishing multiparty constitutional democracy. Each of the elections since independence has been freely and fairly contested and has been held on schedule. The country's small white minority and other minorities participate freely in the political process.

56. Language - Culture And History - Tourism Of Botswana Official web site for Tourism of botswana. Useful Contacts FAQs Links ContactUs Web Site Map. Copyright Department of Tourism of botswana http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/tourism/culture_and_his/language.html

57. Culture And History - Tourism Of Botswana Official web site for Tourism of botswana. They spoke dialects of the samelanguage and shared many cultural affinities. http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/tourism/culture_and_his/culture_and_his.html

58. Traditional Bukakhwae Indigenous Knowledge I How the culture is Changing A Motswana is an individualperson from botswana and Batswana is the plural of Motswana. http://www.khwai.org/culture.html

Traditional Babukakhwae I Sebukakhwae I Learn Sebukakhwae Indigenous Knowledge I How the Culture is Changing Traditional Bukakhwae The naming of the people of Khwai and the greater ethnic group they belong to is problematic. The most familiar name is probably Bushmen or Bushpeople but some consider this to be an insult. The Setswana name is Basarwa and anthropologists have named these people San. When I asked people in Khwai what they wanted to be called most people didn't care. They referred to themselves by bushman and Basarwa and sometimes San. I think this partly shows how silly labeling is but it's still needed so I'll use the legal term, Basarwa. The Basarwa were the first inhabitants of Southern Africa. Traditionally they made a living through hunting and gathering. Their lifestyle is often called nomadic but that is a misnomer. Basarwa did not move aimlessly like a nomad does but instead moved from location to location according to the seasons and the food resources available in each place. Food and water resources were protected form over-exploitation through elaborate social customs about which groups of people could use which regions and how often people should hunt. The hunting and gathering lifestyle required an intimate knowledge of their natural surroundings. Many Basarwa may never have attended school but they were still highly educated by a different set of standards. The Babukakhwae are a section of the Basarwa also known as "river bushmen." They are typically taller than other Basarwa and their language and culture varies greatly from other Basarwa groups in the Kalahari and even just 30 Km away in Mababe village.

59. STA Travel And ISIC Travelmax - Destinations: Botswana The San people (Bushmen) are believed to have inhabited botswana for at least 30000 On 30 September 1966 the Republic of botswana gained independence. http://travelmax.statravel.co.uk/sisp/?fx=destination&loc_id=131014§ion=cult

60. 1Up Travel : Botswana - History And Culture Of Botswana. The aboriginal inhabitants of botswana until the early 17th century are Bushmen,also known as the San.Here are the historical and cultural facts of http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/botswana/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations Web 1UpTravel.com You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Africa Botswana ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Botswana Guide Botswana Maps Botswana Hotels Botswana Flag ... Botswana Travel Warning Botswana History and Culture PEOPLE AND HISTORY The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group (the "Tswana" in South Africa), which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s. Prior to European contact, the Batswana lived as herders and farmers under tribal rule. In the late 19th century, hostilities broke out between the Batswana and Boer settlers from the Transvaal. After appeals by the Batswana for assistance, the British Government in 1885 put "Bechuanaland" under its protection. The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa.

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