21. The Balkans: Bosnia History of Bosnia to 1918.. Bosnia within Yugoslavia, 19181992.. ..Bosnia and the Breakup of Yugoslavia.. ..The War in Bosnia, 1992-1995.. ..Bosnia Today. http://www.cet.edu/earthinfo/balkans/bosnia/BNtopic2.html

Pick a Region The Balkans Bosnia Bosnia has always been a region perched between east and west. In early Christian times, it was located about half-way between the important cities of Rome and Constantinople. At that time, the world of European Christendom was split into two parts based on those two cities. Religious affiliation also had many effects beyond the spiritual. Alliances were often formed along religious lines, and newly Christianized societies often copied many of the social and cultural institutions of their converters. To the north of Bosnia, the Croats belonged firmly to the sphere of Catholic Christianity in Rome; to the south, the Serbs and Bulgarians were firmly Orthodox Christian and looked toward Constantinople for their religious, political, and cultural models. The beautiful city of Sarajevo grew to prominence as the administrative center for Ottoman Bosnia. The Balkan provinces were very important for the Ottoman Turks, even though they consisted of a bewildering variety of increasingly restless subjects. Bosnia was typical in this regard. The number of Muslims in Bosnia grew over the centuries, to some extent on account of Turkish immigration into the cities but mostly due to the style of conversion discussed above. But as

22. ☞ Bosnia Travel, Business, Real Estate, For Sale, Jobs, Technology, Histor Bosnia Topic Index Classifieds1000 World Message Board Bosnia Expat Bosnia Export Bosnia For Sale Bosnia Gay bosnia history Bosnia Import http://board.classifieds1000.com/Bosnia

Bosnia Bosnia Directory Bosnia Real Estate Listings Furniture Bosnia Topic Index Classifieds1000 World Message Board All listings are the responsiblity of the posters; keep in mind, anyone can post anything! Add this site to Favorites Home Amigos! Fraud Alerts ... Fun in the Sun (Carribean Vacations and More) Most Recent 20 Bosnia Messages Page 1 Jobs Would like to work in Bosnia Sat Jul 30 13:14:29 2005 (By: Bill Bernhard ) Replies: Real Estate Investment Wed Jul 13 05:55:36 2005 (By: Darren ) Replies: Jobs Job in Bosnia Thu Apr 21 08:49:58 2005 (By: Arne Vandemaele ) Replies: 1 Last reply at: Sun Jul 10 08:45:46 2005 (By: zlaja Jobs Searching job Oct 2005 - Oct 2006 Sat Jul 9 10:55:51 2005 (By: Robert Kogler ) Replies: Real Estate i want to buy a home in BIH Wed Apr 6 08:22:18 2005 (By: callum ) Replies: 1 Last reply at: Fri Jul 8 03:39:45 2005 (By: Steve Travel Last undiscovered destination in Europe! Mon May 16 07:15:47 2005 (By: Ben Robinson ) Replies: Art and Artists Looking to contact artist jerko bakula Fri May 6 21:37:47 2005 (By: Rick Daigle ) Replies: Entertainment my free time Mon Mar 7 11:00:10 2005 (By: Fuat ) Replies: Page 1 Bosnia , topic index.

23. Information On History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina A Brief history of bosniaHerzegovina , by Andras Rieldmayer; Short Review of history of bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington DC) http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/history.html

Information on History of Bosnia-Herzegovina A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina , by Andras Rieldmayer Short Review of History of Bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington D.C. Article on the Borders of Bosnia-Herzegovina Map of 17th-19th Century Borders Borders of the South Slavic Countries ... The Balkans since 1815 (from Bosnia page of the NY Times Bosna-Hersek ile Ilgili Arsiv Belgeleri (Archive Records On Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Turkish), 1516-1919 Balkan Booklist , compiled by Lasiewicz Foundation Books about Bosnia a nd Herzegovina and former Yugoslavia from Croatia and Bi-H Information Pages, Europe The New York Review of Books: America and Bosnia Genocide Clinton, the UN, and the Bosnian Disaster and The US and the Yugoslav Catastrophe (you might need to make search on NYRB site) Last update: December 27, 1997 Back to Bosnia homepage at Caltech

24. Bosnia HomePage At Caltech Watch out for impersonators of this account, bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu, On the history of bosniaHerzegovina Culture, academia and daily life Artwork http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/bosnia.html

Welcome to Bosnia Homepage Watch out for impersonators of this account, bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu, on Zamir-chat and other mailing lists, as well as at your personal mailbox. photo by Enric Marti, AP (see A Letter from Sarajevo) Brief history of the war Maps, status quo, factbook and ethnicity info Images of the tragedy ... YES, you CAN help! You can reach many other sites and documents on Bosnia through our information resources list Last site-wide revision: June 4, 1997 There have been many additions since last site-wide revision. Initiated by Ayhan Irfanoglu and Ahmet Kirac in December 1994. You can send your comments and related site information to bosnia @ caltech.edu Unfortunately, we are not able to reply to personal inquiries. Peace be with you. We would like to note that bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu account has never been used in any Relay, Chat, or Discussion Group postings. Any such letter seemingly originated from this account is a fraud. Please verify with us, at bosnia @ caltech.edu, if you receive any suspicious mail. Thank you.

25. History Of The War In Kosovo During the long years of war in Slovenia, Croatia, and bosnia, Kosovo remained The US has a particularly long history of warning Milosevic over Kosovo. http://www.friendsofbosnia.org/edu_kos.html

Back to Education Directory Who We Are Reconstruction Medical Aid for ... Home Center for Balkan Development 2 CLOCK TOWER PLACE #510 MAYNARD, MA 01754 Tel: 978-461-0909 Fax: 978-461-2552 info@friendsofbosnia.org www.friendsofbosnia.org History of the war in Kosovo Written April, 1999 Historical Background The NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia beginning on March 24, 1999 did not occur in a vacuum but rather followed ten years of regional conflict and aggression inspired and orchestrated by Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic. Until 1991, Yugoslavia was one nation comprised of six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. Serbia was further divided into two autonomous regions; Kosovo and Vojvodina. Each republic and both autonomous provinces in Serbia had a seat on the federal presidency and had a considerable amount of autonomy in local affairs. With one notable exceptionBosniaeach of the republics roughly represents a distinct ethnic group. Today each of the republics of the former Yugoslavia use their own language, but they are all Slavic languages similar to Serbo-Croatian. (Click here to see information about each republic.)

26. Cool Planet - Bosnia - History Oxfam GB s website for children and teachers. The area that is now called bosnia has been ruled by many different groups in the course of its history http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/kidsweb/world/bosnia/boshist.htm

Cool Planet home What is Oxfam? World Children ... Contact us Bosnia - History The area that is now called Bosnia has been ruled by many different groups in the course of its history. In 1463, it was conquered by the Ottoman, or Turkish, armies. Many Bosnians became Muslim at this time. The region remained part of the Ottoman empire until 1878, when Austria-Hungary gained control. In June 1914, a young Serbian student assassinated the Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, a murder which sparked World War 1. After the war, Bosnia-Herzegovina became part of the country that was later renamed Yugoslavia. During World War 2, Germany and Italy invaded Yugoslavia. Many Bosnian patriots fought against the invading armies, led by a young Communist, Josip Broz Tito. When the war ended, Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of six republics in the new Communist state led by Tito. Communism held the different states and ethnic groups together briefly, but when Tito died in 1980, the old conflicts re-emerged. In 1990, the Communist party lost control; two years later, Croats and Muslims in Bosnia voted for independence. Most Serbs living there opposed this because they wished to remain part of Yugoslavia, which Serbia dominated. A fierce civil war broke out in April 1992 after Bosnian Muslims and Croats declared independence. Within two months, about two-thirds of Bosnia fell under the control of the Bosnian Serbs.

27. The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project: Brief History A Brief history of bosniaHerzegovina. by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University. Area. 19741 sq. mi. / 51130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; http://www.kakarigi.net/manu/briefhis.htm

A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University Area 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; 1/4 larger than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (Bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics), much of it covered by forests; some coal and minerals, no oil. Bosnia's traditional borders, established in the medieval period, are: the Sava River (in the N), the Drina River (E/SE), and the Dinaric Alps (in the W). Herzegovina ("the Duchy") is the historical name for the country's southwestern region (around the town of Mostar). Located in the heart of Europe (as the crow flies, Sarajevo is closer to Rome than Milan is). Population Until the late 19th century, people of all three faiths identified themselves simply as Bosnians. Most Bosnians today are in fact highly secularized, and about a third of all urban marriages in Bosnia in recent decades have been between partners from different religious/ethnic backgrounds. While there were some villages in the countryside where one group or the other predominated, Bosnia's towns and cities have traditionally been the shared home of people from all ethnic and religious groups. The latter include Jews, who found a haven in the tolerant city of Sarajevo in 1492, following their expulsion from Spain. Unlike Jews in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, Sarajevo's Jews were not confined to a ghetto. The city's principal mosques, its synagogues and Christian churches are all located in close proximity to each other, a visible sign of the intermingled public and private lives of its ethnic and religious communities.

28. Bosnië Voor Beginners -- Bosnia For Beginners Information on major cities, both entities and the culture, history and geography of the nation. http://www.bosnie-herzegovina.net/index_e.htm

Bosnia for Beginners

29. MapZones.com : Bosnia And Herzegovina History Information of Country s history, Civilization, independence, king, rural, war. http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/bosnia_hercegovina/historyindex.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Country Info Bosnia Introduction Bosnia General Data Bosnia Maps Bosnia Culture ... Bosnia Time and Date Bosnia and Herzegovina History Back to Top The three main ethnic groups in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniak, Serb, and Croat, and languages are Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian. Nationalities are Bosniak, Bosnian Serb, and Bosnian Croat. Religions include Muslim, Catholic, Protestant, and some others. For the first centuries of the Christian era, Bosnia was part of the Roman Empire. After the fall of Rome, Bosnia was contested by Byzantium and Rome's successors in the west. Slavs settled the region in the 7th century, and the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia split control of Bosnia in the 9th century. The 11th and 12th centuries saw the rule of the region by the kingdom of Hungary. The medieval kingdom of Bosnia gained its freedom around 1200 A.D. Bosnia remained independent until 1463, when Ottoman Turks conquered the region. During Ottoman rule, many Bosnians converted from Christianity in favor of Islam. Bosnia was under Ottoman rule until 1878, when it was given to Austria-Hungary as a colony. While those living in Bosnia came under rule by the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, South Slavs in Serbia and elsewhere were calling for a South Slav state. World War I began when Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Following the Great War, Bosnia became part of the South Slav state of Yugoslavia, only to be given to Nazi-puppet Croatia in World War II. During this time, many atrocities were committed against Jews, Serbs, and others who resisted the occupation.

30. Task Force Eagle- Multinational Division- North (Eagle Base) In Bosnia bosnia s history Wonder why American military forces are stationed in bosnia? Learn more about bosnia s history and the story behind the Stabilization Force http://www.tfeagle.army.mil/default2.asp

Public Affairs Office Tuzla Night Owl 2004 Land Combat Expo SFOR's History ... Eagle Bay Eagle Base BACK 401st EABG MWR Joint Contracting Ctr. ... Feedback Welcome to the Balkans and the official web site for Task Force Eagle's Stabilization Force (SFOR). Explore Task Force Eagle and learn more about the selfless men and women who are keeping the peace in a country rocked by centuries of strife. Wonder why American military forces are stationed in Bosnia? Learn more about Bosnia's history and the story behind the Stabilization Force (SFOR), Task Force Eagle, and the Multinational Division-(North). US Army USAREUR Dept.of Defense EUCOM ... Force Protection Notice (Zastita SFOR Snaga)

31. Bosnia Report - July - September 2000 The bosnian Institute aims to educate people throughout the world about the history and culture of bosniaHerzegovina, its social, economic, governmental, http://www.bosnia.org.uk/bosrep/report_format.cfm?articleid=2958&reportid=167

32. Bosnia-Hercegovina S History bosnia s history. From the late 6th century AD to the early 20th century. Much has been said lately about who the bosnians are and where they came from. http://www.balkan-archive.org.yu/kosta/RS/dean/bih_history.html

33. Documents Relating To The History And Contemporary Events Of The Balkan States ( CHRIS HEDGES, bosnia Journal Ethnic Diversity Distorts history, Art, Language, New York Times, November 25, 1997 Kosovo Information Center http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bosnia.htm

Documents on Bosnia History of the Conflict Old Serbian Tales: Marko and the Turks, c. 1450 The 1456 Siege of Belgrade, By Tom R. Kovach Professor Steven W. Sowards, "Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History" Count Andrássy to Count Beust, 30 December 1875 (Communicated to the Earl of Derby by Count Beust, January 3), "Correspondence Respecting Affairs in Bosnia and Herzegovina." ... Croatian History Links Current Documents Timeline of the War in Bosnia, 1990-present Yahoo's Bosnia and Herzegovina Information Yahoo's World News: Bosnia and Herzegovina Andrew Bair, "Which End-Game in Bosnia?," ... Return to Vinnie's Home Page

34. History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - MavicaNET A Brief history of bosniaHerzegovina, by Andras Rieldmayer. Short Review of history of bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington DC). http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/eng/24283.html

selCatSelAlt="Deselect category"; selCatDesAlt="Select category"; selSitSelAlt="Deselect site"; selSitDesAlt="Select site"; MavicaNET - Multilingual Search Catalog MavicaNet Lite - Light version Catalog Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Culture Science Historical Sciences History: By Region ... Bosnia and Herzegovina History of Bosnia and Herzegovina Sites Sister categories ... Archaeology of Europe Economy: Bosnia and Herzegovin... European Dynasties German Empire (1871-1945) Historical Maps: Europe Historical Persons: Europe History of Albania History of Andorra History of Austria History of Belarus History of Belgium History of Bulgaria History of Croatia History of Cyprus History of Czech Republic History of Denmark History of Estonia History of Faroe Islands History of Finland History of France History of Germany History of Gibraltar History of Greece History of Hungary History of Iceland History of Ireland History of Italy History of Latvia History of Liechtenstein History of Lithuania History of Luxembourg History of Macedonia (FYROM) History of Malta History of Moldova History of Monaco History of North Europe History of Norway History of Poland History of Portugal History of Romania History of Russia History of San Marino History of Slovakia History of Slovenia History of Spain History of Sweden History of Switzerland History of the Netherlands

35. Convoy Bosnia - HISTORY OF NEGOTIATIONS A history OF THE NEGOTIATIONS OVERVIEW The plan called for the division of bosnia into three autonomous regions, each with the right to eventually http://www.sadik.net/bosnia/history.html

Courtesy of the AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO SAVE BOSNIA December 1994 A HISTORY OF THE NEGOTIATIONS - OVERVIEW INFO BRIEF AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO SAVE BOSNIA Updated: 27 December 1994 The AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO SAVE BOSNIA is affiliated with the ACTION COUNCIL FOR PEACE IN THE BALKANS P.O. BOX 28265 - WASHINGTON, DC 20038-0265 TEL:(202) 737-2027 FAX: (202) 737-1940

36. CNN - The Balkan Crisis: A Brief History the area identified as bosniaHercegovina, are found in the history of what As a compromise, bosnia-Hercegovina was granted a new constitution that http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1997/bosnia/history/

Now quicker European access The Balkan Crisis: A brief history The roots of the Balkan crisis of the 1990s, particularly those in the area identified as Bosnia-Hercegovina, are found in the history of what we call Yugoslavia beginning long before the birth of Christ, continuing into the Middle Ages and were exacerbated by developments before, during and after World War II. Here's an overview of the conflict: BEFORE WRITTEN HISTORY Anthropologists agree that the first people that we know for sure settled in the Balkans area that at various times has been called Yugoslavia were Illyrians, an Indo-European collection of tribes. IT WAS ONCE ROMAN The Romans conquered the area before the time of Christ, named it Illyricum and made it a province of its far-flung empire. Because of its crossroads location on the stage of Balkan trade and commerce, the rocky, hilly area has long been fought over, not because of its rich resources, but as a geo-political pawn. THE SERBS CLIMB ONTO THE STAGE A FURTHER COMPLICATION SARAJEVO AND THE CROWN PRINCE Most European schoolchildren are familiar with the story of how the assassination of archduke Ferdinand and his consort, the Duchess of Hohenberg, on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo launched World War I. The gunman, Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian Serbian student who was an active member of the Mlada Bosna, group which had been formed among university and secondary school students to advance revolutionary ideas which, the group hoped, would lead to independence.

37. CNN Balkan Conflict: History Roots of the Balkan troubles a history of ethnic skirmishes In 1992, the Serbian minority in bosnia, helped by the federal army, attempted to carve out http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/Bosnia/history/

Roots of the Balkan troubles: a history of ethnic skirmishes More than four years of war have turned once-beautiful Yugoslavia into a living nightmare, and into one of the bloodiest battlefields in Europe's recent history. We see the images refugees bearing children and suitcases, war-wearied elderly women, crying soldiers. But many of us don't understand exactly how the turmoil began. Here's a brief look. The rivalries between Serb, Croat and Muslim communities in Yugoslavia date back centuries. Created in the aftermath of World War I, the country was first known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The name Yugoslavia was adopted in 1929. During World War II, Croats joined the Nazis in exterminating Serbs and others. The Serbs took up arms and hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians were killed on both sides. Josip Broz Tito, a partisan leader, led the resistance against the Nazis, ultimately driving them from Yugoslavia. Following the war, Tito was elected to lead the newly created Yugoslav Federation. Tito ruled with an iron fist, keeping ethnic rivalries in check. Despite such problems as astronomical inflation, the nation held together for a decade after Tito's death in 1980. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, democratic movements swept across much of Eastern Europe, including Yugoslavia. With the election of non-communist governments in four of Yugoslavia's six republics, the Federation began to crumble and ethnic divisions resurfaced.

38. Bosnia And Herzegovina history. Since the time of the Roman Empire, the Balkans has been a Facts on bosnia and Herzegovina flags, maps, geography, history, statistics, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107349.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 19, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Bosnia and Herzegovina Infoplease Atlas: Bosnia and Herzegovina National Name: Bosna i Hercegovina Presidency, Chairman of the (rotating): Borislav Paravac (2004) Prime Minister: Adnan Terzic (2002) Area: 19,741 sq mi (51,129 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 4,025,476 (all data dealing with population are subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing) (growth rate: 0.4%); birth rate: 12.5/1000; infant mortality rate: 21.1/1000; life expectancy: 72.8; density per sq mi: 204 Capital and largest city (2003 est.):

39. Atlas: Bosnia And Herzegovina Facts on bosnia and Herzegovina flags, maps, geography, history, statistics, disasters current events, and international relations. http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/bosniaandherzegovina.html

@import url("/css/atlas-styles.css"); in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 19, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Map: Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Profile Travel to Bosnia and Herzegovina from TripAdvisor Bosnia and Herzegovina Almanac: Bosnia and Herzegovina Encyclopedia: Bosnia and Herzegovina More on Bosnia and Herzegovina: Balkan Penisula Timeline: Yugoslavia More: Countries of the World World Geography World Statistics Flags Amazon.com: Search for books on Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe Map World Map Map Index Related Content Time Zones World's 50 Largest Cities Dependencies and Territories Highest Mountains ... Area and Population of Countries Page Tools: Cite Print Email Premium Partner Content Search For: Documents Images and Maps Reference (from Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, Newswires, Transcripts and Books)

40. Bosnia And Ethnic Identity CHRIS HEDGES, bosnia Journal Ethnic Diversity Distorts history, Art, history, confusing enough these days in bosnia, is becoming even more unwieldy as http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bosiden.htm

CHRIS HEDGES, "Bosnia Journal: Ethnic Diversity Distorts History, Art, Language," New York Times, November 25, 1997 SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in a Sarajevo street, an act that set off World War I. So what does that make him in Bosnia? "A hero and a poet," says a textbook handed to high school students in the Serb-controlled region of this divided country. An "assassin trained and instructed by the Serbs to commit this act of terrorism," says a text written for Croatian students. "A nationalist whose assassination sparked anti-Serbian rioting that was only stopped by the police from all three ethnic groups," reads the Muslim version of the event. In Yugoslavia under communism, all students were exposed to the same set of history books, and in them Princip was a hero. History, confusing enough these days in Bosnia, is becoming even more unwieldy as students are segregated into ethnically distinct classrooms to be taught different versions of history, art and language. The Dayton agreement envisioned Bosnia as one country with one central government. But in fact, it has been partitioned into a Serbian republic and a largely dysfunctional Muslim-Croat federation. The principal ethnic groups Muslims, Eastern Orthodox Serbs and Roman Catholic Croats have control over their own most important cultural institutions. Although the Muslims and the Croats are ostensibly part of the same federation, each in effect operates from its own enclave.

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