61. Oromo In Ancient Egypt There are several groups of people in East africa very closely related to the Oromo Harvard african Studies. Cambridge, Mass. Doyle, LR 1986. The borana http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/galla.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Oromo type from the ruins of the Great Temple of Tanis, Egypt. Black granite. Photographed by W.M. Flinders Petrie. Cairo Museum Oromo in Ancient Egypt 1991-1759 B.C. 12th Dynasty W.M. Flinders Petrie, The Making of Egypt (Famously known as "The Father of Pre-history") W.M. Flinders Petrie, A History of Egypt - Part One, 1896, pp. 125-129 "The Galla Penetration. It has long ago been remarked that the black sphinxes, later appropriated by the Hyksos, approximated to the Galla type of Abyssinia". "This starts an enquiry how the Galla connection could thus appear on monuments. In the clearance and planning of the rock tombs at Qau, Antaeopolis, the peculiar plan of those tombs, with great halls and small chambers annexed, was observed to be closely parallel to that of later Nubian temples. In both tomb and temple the chief work is in the solid rock, while the forecourt is of masonry constructed in front of it. Another peculiarity was the hammer-work excavation of one tomb, which had evidently been done with stone balls, as in the Aswan granite working, and this implies a southern connection". "These people do not appear in any records, and all their monuments have been reappropriated. They left, however, a most striking style of sculpture, in the sphinxes which were later removed to Tanis, but seem originally to have come from El Kab, where a piece of such a sphinx has been found.The type is closely like that of the Galla. The evidence that all the earlier sculptures of Tanis were collected there by Ramessu II seems clear; and that these sphinxes are earlier than the Hyksos is certain by those kings having appropriated them. No period seems so likely for them as the 7th to the 10th dynasties. The type was heavily bearded, with bushy hair".

62. Geography Department, Cambridge » Liz Watson Oxford James Currey; Nairobi British Institute in East africa. Adams, WMand Watson, EE (2003) indigenous Irrigation and Soil Erosion, Marakwet, http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/people/watson/

@import "/sitetech/global.css"; Skip navigation Home What's new? Search: Departmental/related websites Geography Intranet Scott Polar Research Institute Unit for Landscape Modelling University of Cambridge You are in: Home People Academic staff Liz Watson ... Contacts E-mail: liz.watson geog.cam.ac.uk Tel: Fax: Address: Department of Geography Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge Liz is a member of the Society, Environment and Development research cluster Jump to information on: Biography Research Publications Teaching ... External activities Liz Watson BSc PhD University Lecturer and Fellow of Newnham College Research interests include indigenous natural resource management (NRM); participation, gender and NRM; ethnicity and identity; grass-roots democracy. Her main research interests are in Ethiopia, but she has also worked in Kenya, Mozambique, India and Ghana. Biography Career: Research Assistant, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge Research Fellow, School of African and Asian Studies, University of Sussex Joint Assistant Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge and Newnham College.

63. Travelogs - UOI Past Travellers Extraordinary travel to the remote and exotic Outposts of africa, I got asense that the indigenous people support the ecotourism concept. http://www.unchartedoutposts.com/company/webpages/main/travelog_pasttravellers.p

Select a Country Argentina Australia Botswana Kenya Namibia New Zealand Panama South Africa Select a Country Argentina Australia Botswana Kenya Namibia Panama South Africa New Zealand Africa Americas Australasia Home ... Werny Safari - West Chester, Pennsylvania - East Africa Safari We just returned from a most extraordinary trip. Two weeks in Kenya! The trip surpassed all our expectations and will forever be imprinted on our minds. Once we left Nairobi it felt like we were able to step into and experience a time long past, where the animals roam freely and where we all possibly came from. For 2 weeks we became immersed in the savannas west of Kilimanjaro and in the foot hills of Mt. Kenya, the rugged country of the Rift valley, the wildlife, and the natives of African and European descent. Read More/Photos Maschlesko Family Safari - Canada - East Africa Safari After three years living on the Ocean, we were on the verge of fulfilling a lifelong dream - to go on an African Safari. Even better, we were going to share this experience with my parents as well as the families of my sister and one of my brothers, who were travelling all the way

64. Liberating The Oromo People Oromo Democracy An indigenous African Political System For example, inthe borana region of southern Oromia, where the means of livelihood is http://www.oromoliberationfront.org/Liberating The Oromo People For Development.

Liberating the Oromo People for Stability and Development in the Horn of Africa By OLF Foreign Affairs Department I. Objective of Brief II. Geocultural Settings of the Horn of Africa Geographic and Cultural Context Oromo People's Wider Outreach Oromia's Huge Resources III. The Political Landscape of Ethiopia Conquest and subjugation Under Absolute Monarchs Socialist Regimentation TPLF Succession to the Empire State IV. The Horn of Africa Destabilized to Perpetuate TPLF Domination TPLF Violence Deprives People Peace and Security Human Rights Violations as a Measure of Political Repression Poverty, Environmental Degradation, and Disease V. Economic Consequences of Policy of Domination Rampant Poverty: Policy of Domination and Stifled Development TPLF Oligarchy Promoted by International Financial Institutions VI. Prospect For Peace Promotion of Voluntary Union among Peoples The Role of the International Community VII. What Needs to Be Done Alliance of Political Forces Appeal to the International Community Executive Summary The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) is ready to go an extra mile in search of peaceful resolution of the political crisis in Ethiopia. The OLF will contribute towards any meaningful peace effort, as it did in the past, to reach at a comprehensive settlement to achieve just peace for the Oromo and other peoples caught in the political conflict of the Ethiopian empire state. However, it should be understood, at the outset, that the current conflict and resultant crisis in the Horn of Africa has its roots in the colonization of the Oromo and other southern peoples by Abyssinians over 105 years ago. This colonial domination still persists.

65. Kenya-Country Information The first people to settle in Kenya were indigenous African communities who Cushites This group includes the Somali, Orma, Rendille, and borana. http://kabiza.com/Kenya-Country-Information.htm

Kenya Country Information (Kenya National Anthem) Kenya's Name Kenya - a wonderful sounding word is named after a mountain of the same name. It was given by the Kikuyu people who lived around present day Mt. Kenya which they referred to as Kirinyaga or Kerenyaga, meaning ‘mountain of whiteness’ because of its snow capped peak (yes, Africa does have snow capped peaks). Mt Kirinyaga which was the main landmark became synonymous with the territory the British later claimed as their colony. However, the name Kenya arose out of the inability of the British and others to pronounce Kirinyaga correctly. When one hears the name "Kenya," there are images of the savannas, animals, safari trips, the Rift Valley, the Indian Ocean coastline and Lake Victoria but Kenya is over (2003 estimate) 30 million people of various ethnic groups (47) and backgrounds and without having met the people of Kenya, one has not seen the real, living Kenya. Early Visitors and Settlers The first people to settle in Kenya were indigenous African communities who migrated from various parts of the continent (Kenya is made up of various people groupings). Other visitors included traders, explorers, missionaries, slave-traders and travelers who came in from various parts of the world such as Portugal, Arabia, Roman empire, India, Greece and as far as China. They visited mainly the East African Coast from as early as the first century A.D. While the majority of the visitors went back to their countries, some settled, and intermarried with the local populations giving rise to a new Swahili culture along the Coast which has a strong Arabian flavor.

66. The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People s Republic of Angola Also includes Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars. http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

English Deutsch Español Français ... Português Three Pointe Dr. Suite 301 Brea, California 92821 U.S.A. Tel.: Fax: Toll Free (U.S.) With a global network of experienced resources, InterSol provides customized, cost-effective solutions to the challenges of international communications. Other Editions Africa Languages of Africa Sources: Ethnologue The World Fact Book Country Language Algeria, Al Jaza'ir, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah National or official languages: Standard Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects. The number of languages listed for Algeria is 18, including Chaouia, Kabyle, Tumzabt, Taznatit and others. All are living languages. Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People's Republic of Angola National or official languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages. The number of languages listed for Angola is 42, of which 41 are living languages (including Mbundu, Loanda, Kongo, Chokwe, Luchazi) and 1 (Kwadi) is extinct. Benin

67. Globalinfo.org - LOG IN Nearby, an elderly borana herdsman inspected a herd of white, shorthorn cattle . NGO) in Isiolo that promotes indigenous people s land rights, http://www.globalinfo.org/eng/reader.asp?ArticleId=36196

68. SIM Canada The Herero people are related to the Bantu people and speak a Bantu language . among southern africa s indigenous people in that they inherit different http://www.sim.ca/index.php?section=PeopleGroups&view=73

69. African Lesson Plans 1998 The people of western and central africa whose art is represented in the This tradition probably relates more to the ancient indigenous art still http://www.umfa.utah.edu/index.php?id=MTIz

70. ITDG - East Africa - Peace Building: August 2003 If our people are adamant to peaceful coexistence, the government will do Rendilles compensate slain borana. Ndigir Location Chief (right) in pain, http://www.itdg.org/?id=region_east_africa_peace2_peacebuilding

71. CAFOD : Where We Work : Africa : Ethiopia Loss of livelihood the repeated cycle of drought has forced people to sell Action For Development (AFD) is an indigenous NGO, founded in 1997 to build http://www.cafod.org.uk/where_we_work/africa/ethiopia

Home Cymraeg Site map About CAFOD ... Africa Ethiopia Ethiopia Workwuha Showandgnew's new house was built by CAFOD partner Integrated Holistic Approach CAFOD spent £620,000 in Ethiopia in 2004-05 Ethiopia is one of the least-developed and poorest countries in the world. It has been dogged by drought for many decades, causing hunger and poverty. War with Eritrea diverted vital funds from agricultural development, and today, starvation continues to threaten millions of Ethiopians. International assistance in meeting basic needs is still needed. Major problems include: Loss of livelihood : the repeated cycle of drought has forced people to sell their assets to buy food, leaving them without the seeds, tools or animals they need to cultivate the land. HIV and AIDS : relative to its population, Ethiopia has the third-highest absolute number of people living with AIDS and HIV in the world, causing greater poverty as people become too weak to support themselves. Ethiopian NGOs CAFOD is supporting the following projects, and others, run by its partners in Ethiopia: The Medical Missionaries of Mary AIDS Education Programme Integrated Holistic approach (IHA) is helping communities in the slums of the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa to improve their job prospects through skills and business training, and credit and savings schemes to provide the cash to set up small businesses.

72. Kenya Democracy Project: Northern Kenya Should Be Invited Into The 21st Century It is true that there is animosty fostered between the borana and Gabra I was africa takes people back to their roots, to childhood dreams of striped http://demokrasia-kenya.blogspot.com/2005/07/northern-kenya-should-be-invited-in

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7580943"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/3.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content. What does this mean? BlogThis! Kenya Democracy Project Provides well-researched analytical, often humourous takes on political, economic, social, cultural, technological and ideological issues and struggles that have to do with Kenya, Africa and the world from a progressive world outlook....Anything goes in terms of topics- from literature to comedy to relationships... Thursday, July 14, 2005 Northern Kenya Should Be Invited Into the 21st Century Onyango Oloo Adds His Ndururu Saba to the Discussion on the Marsabit Terror... SECOND DRAFT-TWEAKED KIDOGO TU It has been mind-numbing and very painful, slapped in the face by the brutal honesty of gory images of northern Kenyan children wincing and writhing in agony, oblivious to their bloody survival epics told and retold over and over and over and over again to familiar faces and strangers armed with all the formidable weaponry of the modern mass media personel on assignment-covering yet another African "famine/cholera/coup/ quake"(as in the only things which happen in Africa are natural calamities, epidemics, coups and tribal conflicts) story. Most Kenyans who are not native to the northern Kenyan region have never ventured anywhere near Marsabit; few Kenyans are likely to accomplish this feat in their lifetimes.

73. Borena Zone Outcome Of Small Rains Anxiously Awaited, 09/99 Borena is known for its traditional Gada system, an indigenous and complex The majority of borana people do not have access to these relatively better http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Hornet/borz0999.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Borena Zone: Outcome of Small Rains Anxiously Awaited, 09/99 BORENA ZONE: OUTCOME OF SMALL RAINS ANXIOUSLY AWAITED Report on a Rapid Assessment Mission, 14-24 September 1999 Prepared by Negussie Belay, Assistant Field Officer , UNDP-EUE INTRODUCTION Context and purpose Following the near failure of the 1998 small rains ( Hagaya ) in Borena Zone (Oromiya Regional State), an initial assessment undertaken by the Federal Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC) jointly with the Oromiya authorities and CARE in January 1999 revealed that 146,000 people in 8 weredas of Borena Zone were in need of emergency food assistance. A second joint assessment in July 1999 was prompted by the failure of the main rains (March-April 1999). Among the recommendations made in this assessment were: (a) 268,734 people in 10 weredas of the zone required emergency food assistance up to December 1999, and (b) close monitoring was necessary to follow developments the food security and drought in the zone. It was in the context of these recommendations as well as other information indicating that the area is facing increasing hardship that the UN-Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia fielded a mission to Borena Zone during the period 14-24 September, 1999. The purpose of the mission was to investigate the prevailing food shortage, review the impact of the poor rains on the economy of the area and obtain information on the status and impact of relief operations. The mission also undertook to ascertain the response of people in the zone in the context of possible changes in traditional patterns of behaviour and coping strategies.

74. Kenya. In: Amnesty International Report 2001 In May fighting between the Somali and borana communities led to scores of killings . an indigenous people living in Tinet forest, Rift Valley Province. http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2001.nsf/webafrcountries/KENYA?OpenDocument

75. Science -- Sign In In Malawi, I noticed that people had a different way of counting on their fingers . complex kin relation systems among the borana of East africa, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5595/969

You do not have access to this item: Full Text : Selin, MATHEMATICS: An Inclusive Perspective, Science You are on the site via Free Public Access. What content can I view with Free Public Access If you have a personal user name and password, please login below. SCIENCE Online Sign In Options For Viewing This Content User Name Password this computer. Help with Sign In If you don't use cookies, sign in here Join AAAS and subscribe to Science for free full access. Sign Up More Info Register for Free Partial Access including abstracts, summaries and special registered free full text content. Register More Info Pay per Article 24 hours for US $10.00 from your current computer Regain Access to a recent Pay per Article purchase Need More Help? Can't get past this page? Forgotten your user name or password? AAAS Members activate your FREE Subscription

76. Africanews - 73 - April 2002 Views and news on peace, justice and reconciliation in africa. April 2002 Culture/indigenous people. By Matthias Muindi http://web.peacelink.it/afrinews/73_issue/p1.html

77. Resource Access: A Major Cause Of Armed Conflict In The Sudan -- The Case Of The Both are trying to dislodge the indigenous people and take over their land. Strongly recommended is the borana solution , which demands from the Arabs http://srdis.ciesin.org/cases/Sudan-Paper.html

RESOURCE ACCESS: A MAJOR CAUSE OF ARMED CONFLICT IN THE SUDAN. THE CASE OF THE NUBA MOUNTAINS Mohamed Suliman Institute for African Alternatives London, United Kingdom ABSTRACT A study of all three major violent conflicts in the Sudan shows the futility of this traditional approach to conflict analysis and conflict resolution. INTRODUCTION In the web of causes that collectively precipitate violent conflicts in the Sudan, scarcity, resulting from denying or limiting access to renewable natural resources and from growing environmental degradation, stands out as probably the most important factor. That is: violent conflicts arise mainly out of economic and ecological distortions. The traditional assumption that violent conflicts in Africa emanate from ethnic, religious or cultural differences is seriously limited. Except for 'old' conflicts, ethnic dichotomies appear to be rather a consequence than a cause of violent conflicts. However, ethnic, religious and cultural dichotomies are very potent as people's perceptions of conflict perceptions held by many fighters on both sides of the conflict divide. The longer, however, a conflict persists, the more these ethnic, religious and cultural factors come into play. In an old conflict, when even the initial causes have petered out or died away, that 'abstract' , ideological ethnicity, becomes an active material and social force. Denying or Limiting Access to Natural and Social Resources However, in all group conflicts we scrutinised in the Sudan, access to natural and social resources expressed in terms of justice, fairness, equitable sharing and equal development was the primary concern of people in arms.

78. Call I am seeking advice from people who have carried out similar studies. As my studywill focus on healthrelated indigenous knowledge, I am particularly http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/5-1/communications/calls.html

Call for information How to compare traditional and 'Western' health systems. Crop protection in the traditional farming systems of the South Pacific region. A programme of research to document indigenous knowledge and methods of crop protection in the South Pacific region is being planned by the School of Agriculture, of the University of the South Pacific, in Alafua, Western Samoa. Although a considerable amount of information has been published on traditional farming systems in the South Pacific region, this information contains very little detail about indigenous methods of crop protection. Authors acknowledge that production is increased by indigenous practices that control pests and limit the damage they cause, but up to now little of this knowledge appears to have been documented. The research programme will cover various aspects of indigenous pest control, including: the use of companion plants to deter pests; cultural practices that indirectly limit pests; traditional practices of weed control; physical methods of pest control: e.g. communal hand-picking or culling;

79. News Archeves December 28, 2004 (The People) The Ethiopian government has been accused of Statement of the conference on Conflict resolution in the Horn of africa http://www.oromoliberationfront.org/Archeves.htm

Liberating the Oromo People for Stability and Development in the Horn of Africa News, Analysis and Articles Somali MPs accuse Ethiopia of meddling December 28, 2004 (The People) - The Ethiopian government has been accused of meddling in the affairs of the emerging new Somali state. political leaders now want the international community to put trade embargoes against the former socialist state for allegedly poking its nose into the affairs of a sovereign state. Full Report Transporting troops to Badme December 25, 2004 (THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER) - While the Prime Minister Meles Zenawi has announced that he is accepting the boundary with Eritrea , this week the Ethiopian army has asked public transport companies to move its troops to Badme, on the border with Eritrea . Full Report Locals "evicted" by Ethiopia tourism project December 22, 2004 (afro News) - As tourist facilities have been developed in southern Ethiopia's Nechasar National Park, local residents have been forcibly evicted without any compensation, a new report says. The park is managed by a Dutch foundation, which is developing eco-tourism facilities. The foundation claims relocations were "negotiated" and voluntary.

80. The Borana People Of Kenya There are almost 4 million borana people, most living in Ethiopia. Yet anindigenous church exists and probably with adequate support and scripture in http://strategyleader.org/profiles/borana.html

SLRK Profiles Menu Strategy Leader Resource Kit Home People Profile The Borana of Kenya Religion : Islam and Local Tradition Population Status : 10% Christian NARRATIVE PROFILE Location : The Borana are part of a very much larger group of about 4 to 5 million persons of whom approximately 90,000 live in north central Kenya with the balance in Ethiopia. They are related to the Oromo in Somalia also. They live in a large area of barren northern Kenya. About 44% of the Kenya Borana live in Marsabit District, into Tana River District, Garissa District and in Moyale District. The heaviest concentration live in the Sololo area of Marsabit District and in Moyale District. Those in Isiolo District are concentrated in Merti and Garba Tula. History: The Borana are one of the resulting groups of Oromo migrants who left the southern highlands of Ethiopia in the 1500's. Most of the Borana and related peoples live in Ethiopia. The Oromo had migrated east but were pushed back by the Somali leading to a greater southern expansion. There are almost 4 million Borana people, most living in Ethiopia. Identity: The word spelled Borana is pronounced with the final vowel silent. It refers to the people or their language and also means friend or kind person. Thus, a bad person may be told he is not Borana.

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