61. U.S. Threatens Bolivia To Secure Criminal Court Immunity LUIS BREDOW & JIM SHULT COCHABAMBA, bolivia—The US government is demanding that the bolivian US poweris a major political flashpoint in bolivia. The US government is at the http://www.mindfully.org/WTO/2005/Bolivia-ICC-US4mar05.htm

U.S. Threatens Bolivia to Secure Criminal Court Immunity COCHABAMBA, Bolivia—The U.S. government is demanding that the Bolivian Congress approve an agreement that would grant immunity to U.S. troops and officials accused of human rights violations, exempting them from prosecution by the International Criminal Court. That effort, which includes a threat to withhold financial aid and access to free trade, seems to be backfiring. Bolivia is one of 139 nations that have signed the Treaty of Rome, which set up the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998. A respected Bolivian judge, Renee Blattmann, also sits as a member of the court. The treaty's goal, according to its Preamble, "is to establish an independent permanent International Criminal Court with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole." It was in the ICC that the former Serbian leader, Slobodan Milosevic, was tried for crimes against humanity. The United States, alongside China, Iraq, Libya and others, is one of just seven nations to vote against the treaty. Many believe that the war in Iraq and cases of U.S. torture have made the United States vulnerable to criminal charges of international human rights violations. The Bush administration has been pressing its opposition to the ICC. In 2002, the U.S. Congress approved the American

62. U.S. Embassy In La Paz, Bolivia Shapiro thanked the Bolivian government and the Bolivian people for a warm welcomein what is his second visit as Deputy Assistant Secretary. (Full Text) http://www.megalink.com/usemblapaz/english/engindex.htm

UNITED STATES EMBASSY LA PAZ, BOLIVIA Home Contact Us Press Releases Privacy Notice ... Search About the Embassy The U.S. Mission in Bolivia Principal Officers Ambassador Official Holidays ... Peace Corps Consular Section Tourist and other non-inmigrant Visas Immigrant Visas American Citizens Services Announcements/Travel Warnings ... New Requirements for Travelers Between the United States and the Western Hemisphere Education/Scholarships Educational Advising Centers Fulbright Programs for U.S. Citizens Fulbright for Bolivian Citizens Frequently Asked Questions ... Education/Scholarship Links Commercial Section Services, Hours and Officers Commercial Library Goldkey Services BuyUsa ... Chambers of Commerce Public Affairs Section Information Resource Center (IRC) Television - Worldnet Radio - Voice of America (VOA) Narcotics Affairs Section (NAS) Narcotics Affairs Office Centro Bolviano Americano La Paz Centro Bolviano Americano Cochabamba Centro Bolviano Americano Santa Cruz ... Centro Bolviano Americano Sucre Search this Site

63. The EU's Relations With Bolivia - Overview In February 1999 the Bolivian government and the European Commission signed aFramework Agreement on the implementation of bilateral aid (financial and http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/bolivia/intro/

en Europa European Commission European Union in the World ... Site The EU's relations with Bolivia Overview What's new ? Basic Data Country Strategy Paper ... EC Delegation Overview Latest update: May 2004 Latest news: Bolivia: political, social and economic background EU-Bolivia Relations Trade Relations EU Cooperation ... Basic Country Data Bolivia: political, social and economic background Despite two decades of structural adjustment and 22 years of democracy, Bolivia is the second poorest country in South America with Gross National Income (GNI) per capita at US$900 per annum. Over 60% of Bolivians live below the poverty line and 30% live on less than US$ 1 per day. The majority of Bolivians are indigenous (mainly Aymara and Quechua), accounting for at least 60-70% of the population and for an even higher proportion of the rural population. The indigenous population constitutes the vast majority of the poor and extremely poor in Bolivia, and exclusion and discrimination remain widespread. Chronic social discontent permanently threatens the country’s stability with a heavy human and economic cost for the country (deaths and injuries during protests, damaged roads, adverse impact on trade and investment, and low ratings for the country’s long term debt instruments). Successive outbursts from 2000 onwards culminated in the convulsions of February and September-October 2003 which left a toll of over 100 dead and hundreds wounded and led to the ouster of ex-president

64. Country Strategy Paper: Bolivia 2001-2006 Support for the Bolivian government’s development and poverty reduction strategies.The Commission’s Country Strategy Paper brings the whole range of http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/bolivia/csp/

en Europa European Commission European Union in the World ... Site The EU's relations with Bolivia Overview What's new ? Basic Data Country Strategy Paper ... EC Delegation Country Strategy Paper: Bolivia 2002-2006 Full text Summary Bolivia has successfully embraced economic reform and adopted democratic politics. However, despite two decades of structural adjustment and 22 years of democracy, Bolivia remains the second poorest country in South America with income poverty and human development indicators on a par with countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Over 60% of the population live below the national poverty line and 30% live on less than US$ 1 per day. Well over half of Bolivia’s 8.8 million population are indigenous people, the majority of whom are excluded from the benefits of economic growth. Women do not share development benefits to the same extent as men. The management of the environment remains a major challenge for sustainable livelihoods. EU policy towards Bolivia has two main aspects: - The Rio Summit framework aimed at strengthening relations with Latin America, including Bolivia, covering political, economic, social and human domains;

65. Bolivia In Revolt Nick Buxton - OpenDemocracy Multinational energy firms and the Bolivian government condemned it as “confiscatory” The Bolivian government could not afford to buy out the companies, http://opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/gas_2584.jsp

66. Economy Of Bolivia: Information From Answers.com Since 1985, the government of bolivia has implemented a farreaching program of The bolivian government continues to pay its debts to the multilateral http://www.answers.com/topic/economy-of-bolivia

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Economy of Bolivia Wikipedia Economy of Bolivia Economy Bolivia 's 2002 gross domestic product (GDP) totaled $7.9 billion. Economic growth is about 2.5% a year and inflation expected to be between 3% and 4% in 2002 (it was under 1% in 2001). Since 1985, the Government of Bolivia has implemented a far-reaching program of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform aimed at maintaining price stability, creating conditions for sustained growth, and alleviating poverty. A major reform of the customs service in recent years has significantly improved transparency in this area. The most important structural changes in the Bolivian economy have involved the capitalization of numerous public sector enterprises. (Capitalization in the Bolivian context is a form of privatization where investors acquire a 50% share and management control of public enterprises by agreeing to invest directly into the enterprise over several years rather than paying cash to the government). Parallel legislative reforms have locked into place market-oriented policies, especially in the hydrocarbon and telecommunication sectors, that have encouraged private investment. Foreign investors are accorded national treatment, and foreign ownership of companies enjoys virtually no restrictions in Bolivia. While the capitalization program was successful in vastly boosting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bolivia ($1.7 billion in stock during 1996-2002), FDI flows have subsided in recent years as investors complete their capitalization contract obligations.

67. Bolivia: Will The New Government Defend Human Rights Defenders? Amnesty International UK is the UK section of the international human rightsmembership organisation, Amnesty International. http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news/press/14228.shtml

This is an Amnesty International news release published on 2nd December, 2002 See also: Human rights activists, etc Impunity United Nations Bolivia for more information If you are a UK-based journalist and require further information please call the AIUK Press Office on 020 7814 6238 or e-mail press@amnesty.org.uk If you are a journalist based outside the UK, please contact your local AI section If you are not a journalist, but would like to contact AI, please visit our contact pages for further details. Bolivia: Will the new government defend human rights defenders? As President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada approaches his fourth month in office, Amnesty International today urged the new Bolivian government to make the protection of human rights defenders a priority. In a new report published today, the organisation details 13 cases of human rights defenders who have been victimised because of their legitimate human rights work. These include activists, lawyers, members of the clergy and personnel of the Ombudsperson's Office working on a range of issues including impunity for past human rights violations, land-related disputes and indigenous rights. The cases highlight a disturbing pattern of inaction on the part of the authorities, which has allowed those responsible for threats, intimidation and attacks against human rights defenders to enjoy complete impunity, and has left the victims increasingly vulnerable.

68. Bolivia Country Analysis Brief Having problems After the bolivian government privatized the country’s EIA Country Information on bolivia. Links to other US government sites http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/bolivia.html

Home Country Analysis Briefs Bolivia Country Analysis Brief PDF version November 2004 Background Energy Overview Oil Natural Gas ... Links Bolivia With one of the largest natural gas reserves in South America, Bolivia has the potential to become a natural gas hub for the Southern Cone, as well as an exporter of liquefied natural gas to Mexico and the United States. Note: Information contained in this report is the best available as of November 2004 and is subject to change. GENERAL BACKGROUND ENERGY OVERVIEW OIL As of January 2004, Bolivia had the fifth largest proven crude oil reserves in South America, with 441 million barrels, according to the Oil and Gas Journal Proven Probable Potential Total * In million of barrels and includes both crude and condensate Production and Consumption Although Bolivia meets most its domestic oil consumption needs (53,000 bbl/d) from domestic production, the country still imports petroleum products, particularly diesel. Almost all crude oil produced in Bolivia is for domestic consumption, except for small volumes that are exported to Chile through the 353-mile Sica-Arica ( Chile) pipeline. Sector Organization Downstream Refining NATURAL GAS Consumption Exports Brazil Despite growing domestic consumption, export markets will remain the key destination for Bolivian natural gas. The main market for Bolivian gas has been Brazil. In July 1999, Bolivia began exporting natural gas to Brazil under a 20-year, take-or-pay contract between YPFB and Petrobras. According the to gas supply agreement (GSA), export volumes were expected to increase incrementally through 2004 via the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline.

69. Bolivia: Eradication And Backlash The Bolivian government has been forced to cut subsidies, On the politicalfront, the US should support the Bolivian government only if it is upholding http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol5/v5n38bolivia_body.html

Bolivia: Eradication and Backlash Volume 5, Number 38 October 2000 updated June 2001 Written by George Ann Potter and Linda Farthing Editors: Tom Barry (IRC) and Martha Honey (IPS) 38ifbolivia.pdf Key Points Beginning in 1985, Bolivia imposed structural adjustment policies that have slashed government social spending, decimated labor rights and unions, and moved to privatize basic services. Bolivia is in the grips of its worst political crisis and social upheaval since the end of the dictatorships in 1983, while U.S.-imposed economic and antidrug policies are principal reasons for the current conflicts. Although Bolivia has moved from dictatorships to multiparty elections, its democratic institutions are still weak. In April 2001, for the third time in a year, Bolivia was rocked by a series of civilian protests. They began with a march under the leadership of Comunal, a coalition of coca growers and water users from a region surrounding the city of Cochabamba that has been economically devastated by the virtual eradication of coca. A second march followed, led by the Bolivian Workers Central, the COB. These trade unionists, water protestors, teachers, and peasant coca farmers all demanded that the government of the poorest country in South America honor the agreements it made after a series of major uprisings in 2000. Problems with Current U.S. Policy

70. Map Of Consulate General Of Bolivia - Government - San Francisco, CA, 94102-3016 Your comprehensive guide to San Francisco. San Francisco restaurants, bars, nightclubs, hotels, shops, spas, events, attractions, yellow page listings and http://sanfrancisco.citysearch.com/map?mode=geo&id=862604&map_lat=377842&map_lon

71. Bolivia - GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS bolivia. government AND POLITICS. government Executive power vested in presidentof the republic, elected to fouryear term either by majority popular vote http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-1532.html

Country Listing Bolivia Table of Contents Bolivia GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Government: Executive power vested in president of the republic, elected to four-year term either by majority popular vote or, in absence of majority winner, by National Congress (hereafter, Congress), which selects one of top three candidates. Reelection of incumbent not permitted until four years have elapsed. President heads Council of Ministers (representing sixteen ministries) and various other councils. Legislative power resides in bicameral Congress, consisting of Chamber of Deputies and Senate. Congress major actor in national politics, passing or modifying legislation and approving president's annual budget, economic policy, government loans, and treaties and other international agreements. Needs two-thirds vote to override presidential veto. Convenes annually on August 6 in La Paz. Politics: Jaime Paz Zamora, leader of social democratic-oriented Movement of the Revolutionary Left (Movimiento de la Izquierda RevolucionariaMIR) and third-place runner-up in May 1989 popular elections, assumed presidency August 6, 1989, after being selected by Congress. Prior to nomination, Paz Zamora allied with former president and second-place runner-up Hugo Banzer Suárez and his Nationalist Democratic Action (Acción Democrática NacionalistaADN) party, whereby Banzer's party was given vice presidency and half the cabinet positions. Paz Zamora succeeded his uncle, Víctor Paz Estenssoro, a founder of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario MNR). Despite leftist reputation, Paz Zamora vowed to continue predecessor's antinarcotics efforts and successful economic reform policy.

72. Bolivia - The United States In return, Bolivian government officials pointed out that United United Statessupport for the Bolivian government was expected to continue. http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-1633.html

Country Listing Bolivia Table of Contents Bolivia The United States In the 1980s, the growth of Bolivia's narcotics industry dominated United States-Bolivia relations. Drug enforcement programs in Bolivia were begun in the mid-1970s and gathered strength in the early part of the 1980s. Concern over military officers' growing ties to cocaine trafficking led to a tense relationship that culminated in June 1980 in the military's expulsion of the ambassador of the United States, Marvin Weisman, as a persona non grata. The "cocaine coup" of July 1980 led to a total breakdown of relations; the Carter administration refused to recognize General García Meza's government because of its clear ties to the drug trade. President Ronald Reagan continued the nonrecognition policy of his predecessor. Between July 1980 and November 1981, United States-Bolivian relations were suspended. In November 1981, Edwin Corr was named as the new ambassador, thus certifying Bolivian progress in narcotics control. Ambassador Corr played a key role in forcing the military to step down. In the subsequent democratic period, Corr helped shape the drug enforcement efforts of the weak UDP government. In 1983 President Siles Zuazo signed an agreement through which Bolivia promised to eradicate 4,000 hectares of coca over a three-year period in return for a US$14.2 million aid package. Siles Zuazo also promised to push through legislation to combat the booming drug industry. With United States funding and training, an elite antinarcotics force known as the Rural Area Police Patrol Unit (Unidad Móvil Policial para Áreas RuralesUmopar) was created (see

73. Bolivia 7823 Not having received a response from the Bolivian government, To date, theBolivian government has not answered the Commission s request for information http://www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/81.82eng/Bolivia7823.htm

RESOLUTION Nº 32/82 CASE 7823 BOLIVIA March 8, 1982 BACKGROUND: In a communication dated April 1981, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights received the following denunciation: Juan Antonio Solano, born January 27, 1955 in Llallagua, Bolivia, a metallurgy student at the University of Oruro and member of the University Federation, was detained in 1977 during the Banzer Government, and again in 1980 after the coup d'état. He has been in exile in Switzerland since November 22, 1980, when he was forced to leave his country, Bolivia. Arrested on July 18, 1980 in the university cafeteria of the University of Oruro by the Armed Forces and the police, along with 250 other students. He was first taken into detention in a military post in Vinto (Oruro), and then to the Oruro DOP, where he remained for 45 days and was later transferred to the Ministry of the Interior in La Paz. During the entire period of his detention, he was mistreated and was forced to sign false statements. The interrogations were conducted by agents of the Intelligence Service. Since he was considered to be a "dangerous element," he was to be sent to Argentina. The intervention of the church, CIME and the United Nations prevented Bolivian political prisoners from being sent to Argentina. He was taken to Viacha, where CIME officials interviewed him and facilitated his exile to Switzerland.

74. JURIST - Bolivia: Bolivian Law, Legal Research, Human Rights The Bolivian government generally respected the human rights of its citizens in2001; however, problems remain in certain areas. http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/bolivia.htm

BOLIVIA JURIST WORLD LAW >> Bolivia Human Rights Legal Profession Law Schools (all in Spanish) Constitution of Bolivia Bolivian Government President of Bolivia Congreso Nacional A constitutional, multiparty democracy with an elected president and bicameral legislature, Bolivia has separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, with an attorney general independent of all three. The traditionally strong executive, however, tends to overshadow the Congress, whose role is generally limited to debating and approving legislation initiated by the executive. Bolivia's nine departments received greater autonomy under the Administrative Decentralization law of 1995, although principal departmental officials are still appointed by the central government. Bolivian cities and towns are governed by elected mayors and councils. The most recent municipal elections took place in December 1999. The Popular Participation Law of April 1994, which distributes a significant portion of national revenues to municipalities for discretionary use, has enabled previously neglected communities to make striking improvements in their facilities and services. Source: U.S. Department of State

75. Bolivia In response to interest expressed by the Bolivian government, the Club of Madrid,calling on its members – all former heads of state and government – and http://www.clubmadrid.org/cmadrid/index.php?id=505

76. CorpWatch : BOLIVIA: Not A Drop To Drink The Bolivian government violently suppressed the protests, In the end, Bechtelpulled out and sued the Bolivian government for $25 million under a http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=11909

77. Bolivia Coca Trade The Bolivian government in 1988, passed the most extensive and Type of MeasureRegulatory Ban and Quota The Bolivian government allows only the http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/ted/bolcoca.htm

Bolivia Coca Trade (BOLCOCA) About TED Categories and Clusters Coca case Colombia Coca case Plant Go to Super Page Go to South America Cases

78. Bolivia: Military-provoked Riots End In 33 Deaths Today, the rightwing bolivian government is once again relying on the military to As coca leaders, government talk US boosts military aid to bolivia http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/feb2003/boli-f21.shtml

Enter email address to receive news about the WSWS Add Remove SEARCH WSWS English German ON THE WSWS Donate to the WSWS! Contact the WSWS ... Books Online OTHER LANGUAGES German French Italian Russian ... Indonesian LEAFLETS Download in PDF format WSWS Bolivia: Military-provoked riots end in 33 deaths By Mauricio Saavedra 21 February 2003 Use this version to print Send this link by email Email the author Friday, Saturday and Sunday were marked by marches to mourn the dead. Thirty-three people were killed and hundreds injured over the past week in the worst confrontations since the return to civilian rule two decades ago. Casualties consisted mainly of unarmed civilians caught in the crossfire between mutinying police and the military called out by the right-wing government of Sanchez de Lozada. The protests turned bloody when police from the anti-riot squad refused to begin patrols, demanding a 40 percent pay increase and the scrapping of the proposed income tax bill. Observer Right-wing government rests on military Sanchez de Lozada seized on the occasion to shift the blame for the riots onto the MAS and attempted to link them to terrorist extremists.

79. ANOTHER WATER REVOLT BEGINS IN BOLIVIA As Public Strikes Mount, Bolivian government Announces “The Bolivian governmentwill initiate the termination of the concession contract of Aguas del http://www.democracyctr.org/newsletter/vol60.htm

Home About Us Contact Us Publications ... Archives from California The Democracy Center On-Line Update January 11, 2005 Latest Bolivian Water Revolt Takes Dramatic Turn Dear Readers: http://democracyctr.org/blog/ Below this update is our original article published December 18th. Jim Shultz The Democracy Center As Public Strikes Mount, Bolivian Government Announces It Will End Contract with Foreign Water Company in El Alto Neighborhood Organizations Reject Offer as Too Ambiguous The neighborhood organizations leading the general strike announced that they would abide by a twenty-four hour break Wednesday to allow the government to respond to their demand. If the government failed to change its position, they warned, the groups would begin a mass march and an indefinite general strike starting Thursday. The company could not be reached for comment Tuesday night but previously corporate officials told The Democracy Center that it intended to stay in El Alto, denied that residents there were dissatisfied with water service, and threatened legal action if any of its facilities were taken over by the community groups. Volume 60 - December 18, 2004

80. Blog From Bolivia: Latest Bolivian Water Revolt Takes Dramatic Turn As Public Strikes Mount, Bolivian government Announces It Will End Contract “The Bolivian government will initiate the termination of the concession http://www.democracyctr.org/blog/2005/01/latest-bolivian-water-revolt-takes.html

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=9332091"); Home About Us Contact Us Publications ... Blog from Bolivia Tuesday, January 11, 2005 Latest Bolivian Water Revolt Takes Dramatic Turn The public revolt against water privatization taking place this week in the city of El Alto took a dramatic turn today – the announcement by the Bolivian government that it is canceling the private water contract, and the rejection of that offer by citizen groups. Below is an article I am syndicating to the US and other foreign press. Stay tuned to this Blog for more updates. As Public Strikes Mount, Bolivian Government Announces It Will End Contract with Foreign Water Company in El Alto Neighborhood Organizations Reject Offer as Too Ambiguous Cochabamba, Bolivia – As the city of El Alto finished the second day of a citywide general strike, demanding ouster of the multinational corporation that controls its water, the Bolivian government announced that it has decided to cancel the company’s water contract. Neighborhood organizations, however, rejected the government’s offer Tuesday night, claiming that it included no firm date for the company’s departure and no real guarantee that the company would leave. El Alto’s public water system was privatized in 1997 after the World Bank made water privatization a condition of a loan to the Bolivian government. The private company, Aguas del Illimani, is owned by a consortium led by the French water giant, Suez, the World Bank, and others. Public protests against the company charge that it has failed to extend water and sewage service to tens of thousands of families in the city’s impoverished outskirts and that hook-up costs exceed more than half a year’s income at the Bolivian minimum wage.

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