161. Study Smoking Raises Risk Of Blindness CNN http://cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/conditions/03/05/smoking.blindness.reut/index.html

162. Color Blindness - AllAboutVision.com A guide to the causes, symptoms and treatment of color blindness (color deficiency). http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/colordeficiency.htm

Color Blindness By Gretchyn Bailey ; reviewed by Dr. Vance Thompson Color blindness is not a form of blindness at all, but a deficiency in the way you see color. With this vision problem, you have difficulty distinguishing certain colors, such as red and green or blue and yellow. Red-green color deficiency is the most common form of color blindness; a less common form is blue-yellow color deficiency. Color Blindness Symptoms and Signs Do you have a hard time distinguishing if colors are red and green, or blue and yellow? This is the primary sign of this vision problem. Contrary to popular belief, it is rare that a color-blind person would see only in neutral colors or shades of gray. Eye doctors often use Ishihara plates to determine the severity and type of color deficiency. Someone with normal color perception can see the numeral among the dots. But someone with red-green deficiency would have trouble discerning the red among the green. What Causes Color Blindness? Color blindness occurs when certain cells in the retina that normally respond to color do not respond as they should.

163. Millions Of Americans At Risk For Vision Loss, Blindness CNN http://cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/conditions/04/12/vision.impairment.ap/index.html

164. Birmingham Focus On Blindness : Home Birmingham Focus on blindness, was established in 1846 and has provided However, it is a daily struggle for Birmingham Focus on blindness to raise the http://www.birminghamfocus.org.uk/

Search Site A bout Us Our S ... Personalise your browsing experience by changing the colour and font settings of this site. Welcome to Birmingham Focus on Blindness. Birmingham Focus on Blindness, was established in 1846 and has provided services and support to those with sight impairment for over 150 years. Our aim is to enable those with sight impairment to lead full and independent lives and it is our hope that this support helps enhance the quality of their lives. However, it is a daily struggle for Birmingham Focus on Blindness to raise the necessary finances, which are required to carry on the great work of the charity. This means that we have to rely on the generosity of people who send us donations, or remember us in their Will, or In Memoriam. A Bequest or In Memoriam to Birmingham Focus on Blindness will ensure we will go on supporting and improving the quality of life for the 30,000 children and adults in Birmingham that are blind or sight impaired. On a smaller scale you could always purchase one of our charity wristbands Regards Rob Legge - Chief Executive Disability Awareness Training Birmingham Focus on Blindness launch - Respectability.

165. CNN.com - Corn Hybrids To Fight Blindness, Birth Defects - Oct. 16, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/16/corn.nutrition.ap/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Corn hybrids to fight blindness, birth defects Story Tools DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) Plant scientists are working to develop corn fortified with beta carotene to help fight blindness, birth defects and malnutrition in developing nations. HEALTH LIBRARY Health Library YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Follow the news that matters to you. Create your own alert to be notified on topics you're interested in. Or, visit Popular Alerts for suggestions. Manage alerts What is this? The research, under way at Iowa State University in Ames, also involves identifying known hybrids high in beta carotene. The substance is converted by the human body into vitamin A, which is essential for vision, cell division and growth. "Corn is a good way of delivering vitamin A because you to deliver it with fats and oils that help in its uptake," said Stephen Howell, director of the university's Plant Sciences Institute. The project has two components: Geneticist Steve Rodermel will lead a team in developing the new corn varieties and nutrition expert Wendy White will examine how vitamin A enrichment works. "The crucial question is how much the beta carotene needs to be increased in this corn kernel," White said in a statement. "To answer this question, we first have to understand how much of the beta carotene is absorbed by the body and converted into vitamin A to meet daily requirements."

166. Neuroscience For Kids - Neuroscience Movies There are many types, degrees and causes of blindness. Some causes of blindnessare genetic, others may be the result of pre or postnatal disease http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/moviesb.html

Neuroscience at the Movies Blindness This lesson was developed by Ms. Heather Stewart, Neuroscience for Kids Consultant "And now here is my secret, a very simple secret; it is only with the heart that one can see rightly. What is essential is invisible to the eye." - Antoine De Saint-Exupery, The Little Prince There are many types, degrees and causes of blindness. Vision is a complex process involving not only reception of visual stimuli, but transference of visual information along nerve pathways to the brain. Trauma to any point along these pathways can result in visual impairment. Some causes of blindness are genetic, others may be the result of pre- or postnatal disease processes in the body. Contrary to general perception and what is often depicted in movies, being blind does not necessarily mean being in total darkness. In non-traumatic cases, blindness may be total from birth, but more often, it is progressive and begins later. In some cases, visual loss may start in the center of the visual field and expand outward or start in the peripheral fields and close inward. Other types of blindness may involve the inability to track objects moving across the visual field, the inability to scan and perceive more than one object, or the inability to distinguish shapes. We must also consider that "seeing" is not just a physiological event, but it is often used in conversation, literature and films as a metaphor for "understanding." Therefore, in films featuring a character who is physically blind, look for signs of who else is not "seeing" or understanding the situation. Other metaphorical themes for blindness in film relate to light (e.g., "seeing the light" or light vs. dark [good vs. evil]), shadow or shadowy (e.g., what is real vs. unreal), appearance vs. disappearance and different forms of "-spection" (e.g., inspection, introspection, perspective).

167. New Ways To Save Preemies From Blindness CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/parenting/10/25/preemie.blindness.ap/index.html

168. Blindness / Visual Impairments / Family Village Library A list for the discussion of family life where blindness is involved. All topics related to family life and blindness are welcome here. BVIParents http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/lib_blnd.htm

Blindness / Visual Impairments Who to Contact Where to Go to Chat with Others News Groups Learn More About It ... Web Sites Who to Contact American Council of the Blind 1155 15th Street N.W. Suite 720 Washington, DC USA 20005 (800) 424-8666 (Available 2:30pm to 5:00pm, Eastern Standard Time) Fax: (202) 467-5085 E-mail: info@acb.org Web: http://www.acb.org/ The American Council of the Blind (ACB) is a national organization established to promote the independence, dignity and well-being of blind and visually impaired people. Members are blind, visually impaired, or fully sighted people from all walks of life. The Council helps to improve the lives of the blind by working to enhance civil rights, employment, rehabilitation services, safe and expanded transportation, travel and recreation, Social Security benefits, accessibility and works in coalition with other disability groups. The concerns of various professions and special populations are addressed by ACB's many national special interest affiliates and committees. These affiliates help the Council address the special interests and concerns of women, minorities, students, families, guide dog users, braille readers, and many others. ACB publishes a monthly magazine

169. CNN.com - Could Bionic Eye End Blindness? - June 13, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/06/13/bionic.eye/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Could bionic eye end blindness? Jens completely lost his sight 18 years ago, but with the use of special glasses, he can find his way through rooms. By Dr. Sanjay Gupta and Kristi Petersen (CNN) Artificial vision for the blind was once the stuff of science fiction Lt. Geordi La Forge's visor on "Star Trek" or the bionic eye of "The Six Million Dollar Man." But now, a limited form of artificial vision is a reality one some say is one of the greatest triumphs in medical history. "We are now at a watershed," Joseph Lazzaro, author of "Adaptive Technologies for Learning and Work Environments," told CNN. "We are at the beginning of the end of blindness with this type of technology." Any scientific advance would have broad implications. According to statistics from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., 1.1 million people in the United States are legally blind, while worldwide 42 million people are without sight. The Dobelle Institute is among several institutions trying in essence to create a new cornea through technology. The cornea allows light into the interior of the eye.

170. Color Blindness - Topics In Usability Colors For The Colorblind Understanding color blindness and using color toemphasize information Color blindness Theory, Simulation by Chris Lilley. http://www.stcsig.org/usability/topics/colorblind.html

Contents Alphabetical Index Topics in Usability Color Blindness Basic Information Design Tools Corrective Tools Tips Related Topics: Accessibility Ergonomics and Personal Safety Special Audiences: Designing for the Old and Young Basic Information Accommodating Color Blindness by Paul Hoffman ( Usability Interface , October 1999). Guidelines for using color in design to reduce confusion for people with color vision deficiencies. Designing for the Color-Challenged: A Challenge by Thomas G. Wolfmaier. This article includes a detailed description of different kinds of color deficiencies. Basic color and design SBFAQ from ERGO/GERO Human Factors Science Colors For The Colorblind - Understanding color blindness and using color to emphasize information to people with color vision deficiencies, includes statistics on incidence. Color Vision, Color Deficiency by Diane Wilson, Generalist at Large. An article on color blind awareness, and how color should never be the only visual cue in design. Considering the Color-Blind by Chuck Newman in WebTechniques. Designing Web pages for people with color vision deficiencies.

171. Brief Blindness Less Serious Stroke Symptom CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/10/10/mini.strokes.ap/index.html

172. Blindness blindness has several causes. Cataract is treated surgically and glaucoma In developing countries blindness is also caused by vitamin A deficiency and http://www.rds-online.org.uk/pages/page.asp?i_ToolbarID=3&i_PageID=136

173. CNN.com - Health - Plan Underway To Squash Preventable Blindness Disease - Decem CNN http://cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/12/04/health.trachoma.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Plan underway to squash preventable blindness disease LONDON (Reuters) Pilot studies in Morocco and Tanzania have more than halved the number of cases of trachoma as doctors start a drive to eliminate the world's biggest cause of preventable blindness. The success of the International Trachoma Initiative (ITI), health experts said Monday, means the plan will be extended to other countries where the bacterial infection threatens millions of people with blindness, including patients in Ghana, Mali, Sudan and Vietnam.

174. CNN - Webcast Aims To Raise Awareness Of Blindness As Global Problem - October 1 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9910/14/worldsightday/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page Webcast aims to raise awareness of blindness as global problem October 14, 1999 Web posted at: 10:41 a.m. EDT (1441 GMT) WORLD SIGHT DAY WEBCAST Live webcast of sight-saving surgeries and imformation about eye care. (CNN) In an effort to raise public awareness of worldwide efforts to prevent and reverse blindness, the Lions Clubs International's second annual World Sight Day conference is being Webcast live from Kenya. The Webcast on Thursday will include footage of cataract patients from villages in Kenya receiving sight-restoring surgeries, a special address from former-President Jimmy Carter, and information from the World Health Organization (WHO) on eye health. "One of the reasons we selected Kenya as the primary location for World Sight Day is that nearly 80 percent of the world's blind live in Asia and Africa," said Lions Clubs International President James Ervin.

175. CNN - Spelling Bee Contestant Doesn't Let Blindness Get In Her Way - May 28, 199 CNN http://www.cnn.com/US/9805/28/blind.ambition/video.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Blind ambition 2 min. 20 sec VXtreme streaming video CNN's Kyoko Altman reports on a spelling bee contestant who doesn't let her disability get in her way VXtreme plug-ins for Windows 95, Windows NT, Power Macintosh, and Solaris are currently available. A helper app for Windows 3.11 is also available. Download the plug-in. SEARCH CNN.com Enter keyword(s) go help Back to the top Terms under which this service is provided to you. Read our privacy guidelines

176. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents All visitors over one year of age arriving from infected areas must have a yellow fever vaccination certificate. Hepatitis B, malaria, cholera, trachoma, schistosomiasis, river blindness, and sleeping sickness are all hazards. http://www.traveldocs.com/ao/tips.htm

Angola Africa TRAVEL TIPS Driving U.S Driving Permit Required Currency (AOA) Kwanza Electrical 127/220 Volts Telephones Country Code 244, City Code Luanda 2+6D, Zaire 32+5D, Huambo 41+5D Health Precautions : All visitors over one year of age arriving from infected areas must have a yellow fever vaccination certificate. Hepatitis B, malaria, cholera, trachoma, schistosomiasis, river blindness, and sleeping sickness are all hazards. Tapwater is not potable. Sophisticated medical treatment is not available. Health requirements change; check latest information. Weather and clothing : Angola's climate is tropical, with wet and dry seasons that vary little in temperature. While it is very hot and rainy in the coastal region, temperatures in the inland areas are milder. Casual attire, safari suits are the norm in hot, humid climate. Telephone : When direct dialing to Angola from the U.S., dial 011(international access code) + 244 [country code] + local number, or use international operator.

177. The Pitfalls Of Political Correctness: Euphemisms Excoriated The National Federation of the Blind adopts a policy of opposing euphemisms for blindness. http://www.blind.net/bpg00005.htm

The Pitfalls of Political Correctness: Euphemisms Excoriated by Dr. Kenneth Jernigan As civilizations decline, they become increasingly concerned with form over substance, particularly with respect to language. At the time of the First World War we called it shell shocka simple term, two one-syllable words, clear and descriptive. A generation later, after the Second World War had come and gone, we called it combat fatigue. It meant the same thing, and there were still just two wordsbut the two syllables had grown to four. Today the two words have doubled, and the original pair of syllables have mushroomed to eight. It even has an acronym, PTSDpost traumatic stress disorder. It still means the same thing, and it still hurts as much or as little, but it is more in tune with current effete sensibilities. It is also a perfect example of the pretentious euphemisms that characterize almost everything we do and say. Euphemisms and the politically correct language which they exemplify are sometimes only prissy, sometimes ridiculous, and sometimes tiresome. Often, however, they are more than that. At their worst they obscure clear thinking and damage the very people and causes they claim to benefit. The blind have had trouble with euphemismms for as long as anybody can remember, and late twentieth-century America is no exception. The form has changed (in fact, everything is very "politically correct"), but the old notions of inferiority and second-class status still remain. The euphemisms and the political correctness don't help. If anything, they make matters worse since they claim modern thought and new enlightenment. Here is a recent example from the federal government:

178. Vitamin Angel, Non-Profit International Assistance, Emergency Relief, Nutritiona Organization that fights malnutrition and childhood blindness worldwide by providing nutritional supplements, health education to communities that are medically underserved or at risk. Works in partnership with Direct Relief International. http://www.vitaminangel.com/

Vitamin Angel Alliance Sends Nutritional Supplies To Katrina Refugees Santa Barbara CA (PR WEB August 31, 2005 New Orleans and people affected in the surrounding states. Vitamin Angels in partnership with other relief organizations, local churches and emergency personnel is working to consolidate vitamin shipments in Texas that will begin being trucked in as early as next week. Miami NOW Vitamin Angel Alliance is a non-profit, non-sectarian organization dedicated to providing basic nutrition and fighting vitamin A deficiency childhood blindness around the world since 1994. Last year Vitamin Angels donated 23.4 million supplements to people in need in 40 countries around the world. Vitamin Angel Alliance 1450 Orange Grove Avenue, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Phone: (805) 565- 9919; Fax: (805) 565-9916 EMAIL: info@vitaminangel.org Special Thanks to: And all of the other photographers who generously contributed their work. Site Design: Fat Eyes

179. Blind Related Links Blind Related Links contains extensive listings of Blind and VI related links onthe internet. Includes organizations, commercial listings, http://www.seidata.com/~marriage/rblind.html

Welcome to Blind Links Click on the name of the areas you would like to visit: Or Just browse down the page. Adaptive Technology Advocacy and Training Books and Magazines Commercial ... Blind U.S. Veterans E-Mail Ron Marriage with any comments or suggestions. If you wish to make a link to this site on your own home page then you have my permission to do so. Thanks for stopping in. WWW by E-Mail: Anyone not having World Wid Web access, but does have internet email can still access this and other pages by email alone. To access text only versions of web pages send an email to: agora@www.undp.org and into the body of the message type the line: send url where url is the page you want sent to you, such as this page: send http://www.seidata.com/~marriage/rblind.html My URL: http://welcome.to/blindlinks I got it for free at http://come.to THE SPEECH FRIENDLY WEB RING This Speech Friendly Web Ring site was created by: Ron Marriage Want to join the Speech Friendly Web Ring Skip Prev Prev Next ... List Sites Items of Note Speech Friendly Ribbon Award Internet Accessable for the disabled Lynx Enhanced Page Best Viewed with Any Browser Campaign ... Ron.Marriage

180. Vischeck: Home Allows the user to see the world as color blind people see it. Checks by imagesand urls. http://www.vischeck.com/

Home Vischeck Daltonize Examples Downloads ... People User quotes: I am red/green/brown colorblind and it has caused me so much difficulty in my life. You’re daltonize feature is a miracle! If this technology was applied to other things, it could really change the world for me and everyone else that is colorblind! Thanks! -Gary C. Vischeck simulates colorblind vision. Daltonize corrects images for colorblind viewers. Want to know what we're up to? Join our mailing list . Contact: info@vischeck.com . Last modified 2003-Feb-19 19:15 GMT. And now a word from our sponsor...

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