1. Welcome To Prevent Blindness America Volunteer eye health and safety group dedicated to fighting blindness and savingsight in America. http://www.preventblindness.org/

Prevent Blindness in your state: Location Arizona N. California Connecticut Florida Georgia Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Nebraska New Jersey New York N. Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington, D.C. Wisconsin Our affiliates offer vision screening, volunteer opportunities and important eye health and safety programs. Search About Us Want to Help? Web Forum ... Site Map CALL 1-800-331-2020, OR CONTACT US ONLINE FOR MORE FREE INFORMATION ABOUT EYE HEALTH AND SAFETY AT HOME AND AT PLAY, THOUSANDS OF AMERICANS SUFFER PREVENTABLE EYE INJURIES Sports are a part of every society. But unfortunately, more than 40,000 people are treated for potentially blinding sports-related eye injuries every year, many of them children. However, the good news is that 90 percent of the injuries are preventable. PBA has designated September as Sports and Home Eye Safety Month to raise awareness of how many of these accidents can be avoided by taking a few, simple precautions.

2. Blindness-Related Emailing Lists Subscribe to blindnessrelated emailing lists and pan-disability and access-issues lists directly from this comprehensive hypertext index. http://www.hicom.net/~oedipus/blist.html

BLIST: The Comprehensive Index of Blindness-Related Emailing Lists last updated June 20, 2002 Skip Directly to the Beginning of BLIST Skip Navigation Links Download a zip file containing BLIST (offline hypertext version) Skip to the Index of Blindness-Related Lists ... A Note to Listowners This document contains instructions on how to join over two hundred blindness-related emailing lists and blindness-related newsgroups , along with hypertext links which allow you to subscribe to any of the lists. It also contains an extensive listing of accessibility and pan-disability lists , as well as a list of emailing lists that are not blindness-related, but which are frequented by blind members , and a selective list of emailing list-related resources . A zipped archive of this hypertext document is available at: A plain ASCII version of this list is available from: A zipped version of the ASCII file, blist.zip , can be downloaded via anonymous ftp from the pub/poehlman NFBnet.org BLIST is also available via email. To obtain a plain text version of BLIST via email , type the line GET BLIST INFO in the BODY of an emessage, and send it to:

3. The Foundation Fighting Blindness The Foundation Fighting blindness is a nonprofit national organization thatfunds research for macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), http://www.blindness.org/

Text Only Macular Degeneration Retinitis Pigmentosa Usher ... Kid's Corner National Neurovision Research Institute Click here for more information. FREE Online Newsletter Sign Up Here Buy Recordings of VISIONS 2004 InfoMedix Microsoft WebSpeak has been installed to read content on this site aloud. When you see this speaker icon, use your mouse to click on it and the wizard will be activated. Please don't forget to bookmark this site now for future reference. Login Become A Member Send To A Friend Search: Cardiac Disease Markers Linked to Progression of AMD A study conducted by FFB-funded researchers from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI), Harvard Medical School indicates that two biomarkers for cardiac disease — C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) — are associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. more New Gene Therapy Emerging for LCA Caused by RPGRIP Mutation FFB-funded researchers from the Berman-Gund Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Massachusettes Eye and Ear Infirmary have developed a gene replacement therapy to rescue photoreceptors in mice with a type of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) caused by a mutation in the RPGRIP gene. LCA is a severe, early onset form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). more FFB Research Center: Investigators at University of Lund Want to Make History Now Most people don’t know that 1666 was a pivotal year in optics and eye research. It’s when Sir Isaac Newton — homebound in Cambridge because of an outbreak of the plague in London — began studying optics and vision.

4. The Foundation Fighting Blindness The Foundation Fighting blindness is a publiclysupported charity raising moneyto fund research for macular degeneration, and related diseases, http://www.blindness.org/disease/default.asp?type=2

5. Blindness For Kids A legally blind retired schoolteacher explains what blindness is and how it affects people. Includes a section of famous blind people. http://www.mcwdn.org/Blind/BlindKidsMain.html

Blindness Written for Kids This website has been designed to inform kids about blindness. We hope you like it and learn more about being blind. Click on the links below to go to different topics on blindness. Most pages also have links to other websites on blindness. If you have questions about blindness or this site, feel free to contact the author at the email address at the bottom of the page. Thanks for visiting this site and come back again sometime! Links at this website: What is blindness and visual impairment? What causes blindness? How blind read with their fingers: Braille ... Famous blind people For more information email: VirtEd.

6. Eye Conditions > Color Blindness -- EyeMDLink.com Professional information on color blindness, related conditions and tests. http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=116

7. Blindness Related Resources Index of blindness related resources on the web and beyond. Includes listings ofhomepages of blind individuals, organizations by and for the blind, http://www.hicom.net/~oedipus/blind.html

Blindness-Related Resources on the Web and Beyond (last updated September 13, 2005) Table of Contents Skip Table of Contents About This Document General Blindness-Related Resources Blindness-Related Emailing Lists ... Adaptive Products and Services (includes screen readers, speech synthesizers, refreshable braille displays, braille embossers, etc.) Home Pages of Blind and Visually Impaired Individuals Friends of the Blind Employment-Related Resources Educational Resources Pertaining to Blindness and Vision Loss ... Terra Infirma: Raw Links An Explanatory Note When I first mounted this page on my web site, Camera Obscura This is not , nor is intended to be, an encyclopedic index of blindness-related resources on the 'net... It is merely a collection of links that I have either come to rely upon personally or which I have stumbled across in the course of my own personal webcrawling. They are offered here merely as jumping-off points for the exploration of blindness-related resources, for following any one of the links listed on this page will open a Pandora's box of information. And that , my friends, is the true beauty of hypertext...

8. Kids' Questions Answers how blind people shop, know when to cross the street, and identify their clothes. http://www.nfb.org/kids.htm

We receive many letters and questions from children who wish to learn more about blindness. It is important for blind children to learn that blindness will not prevent them from living happy and normal lives, and so blind children need to learn from good blind adult role models. We have developed this list of some of the most often asked questions by blind children, and we think it is just as important for sighted children, too. Who was Louis Braille? The Braille system of reading and writing was developed by a Frenchman named Louis Braille when he was just a boy. He became blind through an accident, and he discovered that trying to read raised letters was much too slow. He wanted a faster way for blind people to read and write. He modeled Braille after a system of codes used by the military, and then he expanded his system. For more information about Louis Braille, please visit your school or public library. Who was Helen Keller? Helen Keller was both deaf and blind. Although she had to fight to get the opportunity, she graduated from Radcliffe College. She wrote several books and worked hard to improve opportunities for the deaf and the blind. At the time when she lived, people who were both deaf and blind did not have very many opportunities. Now there is better education, training, employment, and other opportunities for the deaf-blind. You can learn more about Helen Keller from your school or public library. Back to Top What is Braille?

9. Color Blindness - Color Vision Information from Cataract and Laser Institute. Presents signs, symptoms, detection, and treatment options. http://www.stlukeseye.com/Conditions/ColorBlindness.asp

Conditions Home Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy Dry Eye Syndrome ... Services Search Selected by the sciLINKS program, a service of National Science Teachers Association. Treatment Color Blindness Overview Color blindness may be a hereditary condition or caused by disease of the optic nerve or retina . Acquired color vision problems only affect the eye with the disease and may become progressively worse over time. Patients with a color vision defect caused by disease usually have trouble discriminating blues and yellows. Inherited color blindness is most common, affects both eyes, and does not worsen over time. This type is found in about 8% of males and 0.4% of females. These color problems are linked to the X chromosome and are almost always passed from a mother to her son. Color blindness may be partial (affecting only some colors), or complete (affecting all colors). Complete color blindness is very rare. Those who are completely color blind often have other serious eye problems as well. Photoreceptors called cones allow us to appreciate color. These are concentrated in the very center of the retina and contain three photosensitive pigments: red, green and blue. Those with defective color vision have a deficiency or absence in one or more of these pigments. Those with normal color vision are referred to as trichromats. People with a deficiency in one of the pigments are called anomalous trichromats (the most common type of color vision problem.) A dichromat has a complete absence in one cone pigment.

10. Prosopagnosia ( Face Blindness ) The author explains this particular condition and how those afflicted with this condition use other techniques to recognize people. http://www.prosopagnosia.com/

Spam Welcome to my pages about prosopagnosia My name is Cecilia Burman, and I am 'face-blind' in the sense that I can not recognize people by their faces. The medical term for this condition is prosopagnosia . I have written these pages to try to give you who read them a better understanding for what it can be like to live with prosopagnosia This is a brief introduction to the pages on this site: Face-Blindness ( Prosopagnosia ) and stones Open in a new window This is a light introduction in pictures to what it can be like to try to cope with face-blindness. If you do not have prosopagnosia yourself, this page can give you an idea about what it is like. Because of the pictures, it loads slowly, but if you are interested in what face-blindness is like, I recommend that you take a look at it anyway. Prosopagnosia ( Face-Blindness ) Open in a new window In this page I try to explain how prosopagnosia can arise. It explains how the brain interprets an image and explains the kind of malfunction that causes

11. Imagination Blindness - A Site Dedicated To The Bates Method Nonprofit, informational site dedicated to the Bates Method of vision education, a method to restore eyesight naturally, without surgery, drugs, or glasses. http://www.iblindness.org

im memory of W.H. Bates, M.D. Site Information Main Page What's New About the Webmaster Search Introduction Who Can Benefit How it Began Bates Method Principles The Problem with Glasses ... Signs of Progress Content Article Library Online Books Method of the Week Evidence ... Survey Results Shopping iblindness.org Store Other Resources Find a Bates Teacher Recommended Books Discussion/Support Groups News and Events Feedback/Help Contact the Webmaster Sign Guestbook View Guestbook "I have never let my schooling interfere with my education." Mark Twain This is an informational site dedicated to a method of restoring eyesight naturally, without surgery, drugs or glasses. The Bates Method is a natural method to restore eyesight that was discovered in the early 20th century by ophthalmologist William H. Bates. Through examining and experimenting with thousands of patients, he learned that most vision problems are due to habits of tension associated with the process of seeing. He developed techniques that teach people to see in a relaxed way that promotes perfect vision. Conditions for which glasses are normally prescribed such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and even presbyopia (old-age sight) have been eliminated through this method, as well as conditions such as strabismus and amblyopia. "Eye strain" and other discomforts of the eye brought about by misuse can be eliminated. More serious conditions and diseases of the eye such as cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and others, often involve unnecessary tension that contributes to the problem and can be benefited or eliminated.

12. Color Blindness - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Wikipedia artcle includes a simple diagnostic test, rates of incidence, causes,and types of deficiency. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness

Color blindness From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Color blindness in humans is the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but may also occur because of eye nerve , or brain damage, or due to exposure to certain chemicals . The English chemist John Dalton in published the first scientific paper on the subject, "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colors", after the realization of his own color blindness; because of Dalton's work, the condition is sometimes called Daltonism , although this term is now used for a type of color blindness called deuteranopia (see below). Color blindness is usually classed as a disability ; however, in select situations color blind people have advantages over people with a full color range. Color blind hunters are better at picking out prey against a confusing background, and the military have found that color blind soldiers can sometimes see through camouflage that fools everyone else. Monochromats may have a minor advantage in dark vision, but only in the first five minutes of dark adaptation. Contents Classification of color deficiencies Simple test for color blindness Rates of occurrence Causes of color blindness ... edit Classification of color deficiencies Acquired Congenital Anomolous trichomacy Protanomaly Deuteranomaly Tritanomaly Dichromacy Protanopia Deuteranopia Tritanopia Monochromacy Rod monochromacy Achromatopsia This is a sample image. Everyone should be able to see the number 83. The pictures below should look similar (containing just different numbers) to people with normal vision, but some of them will not be visible to people with a color vision deficiency. Note, however, that the contrast in these tests is much subtler than commonly seen in other similar tests.

13. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Blindness Learn what it is, leading causes in the United States and around the world, andwhen to see a doctor. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003040.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Blindness Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Common Causes ... What to expect at your health care provider's office Illustrations Neurofibromatosis I, enlarged optic foramen Alternative names Return to top Loss of vision Definition Return to top Blindness is the lack of vision, or a loss of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Blindness may be partial, with very limited vision, or complete, with no perception of light. People with vision worse than 20/200, or a field of vision of less than 20 degrees in the better eye, are considered legally blind in most states in the U.S. Common Causes Return to top Blindness has many causes. In the United States, the leading causes are diabetes , glaucoma, macular degeneration , and accidents (such as chemical burns or injuries from bungie cords, fishing hooks, fireworks, racket balls, and similar objects). Worldwide, the leading causes of blindness are cataracts, onchocerciasis (river blindness), trachoma, leprosy, and

14. Fighting Blindness This selfhelp voluntary organisation, promoting research into retinal degenerative diseases, provides its aims, background and articles on the diseases and related research, details on fundraising, contact notes and a contact form. http://www.fightingblindness.ie/

15. Visual Impairments And Blindness Expert System VIBES will help answer questions and give advice. You can then see products (and services) for Braille, and find the organizations (or people) where you can get the products. http://www.att.com/community/ipvi/

Welcome to VIBES ! The Visual Impairments and Blindness Expert System (VIBES) will help answer questions and give advice. For example, you can pick one of the academic tasks, like reading, and learn about its tactile alternative techniques, like Braille, used by a person who happens to be visually impaired or blind. You can then see products (and services) for Braille, and find the organizations (or people) where you can get the products. This introductory version of VIBES, containing only 35 topics, is intended to demonstrate how VIBES works, and inspire you to submit topics to VIBES. We hope VIBES grows to over 5,000 topics within 5 years. Anyone can contribute information to VIBES. Click the construction icon below for instructions on how you can become a co-author of VIBES. If this is your first time using VIBES, it is best to start by selecting the help icon. Then read the information about VIBES and don't forget to see this ! Then you are ready to select one of the categories listed below. If you can not find the information you are looking for, please contact the editor so we can add it.

16. National Federation Of The Blind, Blind, Blindness, Visually National Federation of the Blind, the leading force in the blindness field today, has 50 000 members, 700 local chapters, 52 affiliates. Fosters http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Prevent Blindness America - Fireworks Safety Prevent blindness America is the nation s leading volunteer eye health and safetyorganization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight. http://www.preventblindness.org/safety/fireworksafety.html

Eye Safety Have you ever been injured by fireworks? Click here for our accident registry ... to Prevent Prevent Blindness America warns that there is no safe way for nonprofessionals to use fireworks. It is only safe to enjoy the splendor and excitement of fireworks at a professional display. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, " fireworks were involved in an estimated 9,600 injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency rooms in 2004. This is an increase of 300 cases from 2003. An estimated 6,600 injuries were treated in hospital emergency rooms during the one month period surrounding the Fourth of July. The following data is from the 6,600 estimates: Eyes and head/face were the second most commonly injured parts of the body with an estimated 1,400 fireworks-related injuries of each type treated last year. The hands were the most commonly injured body part (2,200 cases). Data shows that bystanders are more often injured by fireworks than the people who set them off.

18. A DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS A definition of blindness by Kenneth Jernigan http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. American Foundation For The Blind - Home Page Quick Facts Eye Conditions. blindness Statistics http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. News@nature Stowaway bacteria inside parasitic worms, and not the worms themselves, cause river blindness, according to new research. http://www.nature.com/nsu/020304/020304-9.html

@import "/news/style.css"; nature.com homepage Jump to main content Jump to navigation ... Browse by subject Search This site All of nature.com Advanced search Home News Features ... Stories by subject NEWS CHANNELS My news Biotechnology Careers Drug discovery ... For librarians Bacteria cause river blindness This article is available in full to Premium plus subscribers With a Premium plus subscription you get full access to news@nature.com , the full archive back to 1998, the ability to personalise your own news page, and articles up to 2 weeks before they appear in print. Existing personal subscribers to Nature Nature Medicine Nature Biotechnology or Nature Reviews Drug Discovery now receive news@nature.com Premium Plus access free with their subscription. Simply login with your existing username and password. Get information on institutional site license access here Current premium plus subscribers Log in to view the article USERNAME PASSWORD Save password Forgotten password? Subscribe Get full article access Premium $ 7.99 per month (online only)

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