81. Matter 'seen' Disappearing Into Black Holes For First Time CNN http://cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/01/12/black.holes.ap/index.html

82. Black Holes Made Simple An overview of modern research in black holes without the use of mathematical equations. http://www.geocities.com/autotheist/Physics/bh.htm

Advanced Physics Made Simple Black Holes, White Holes, and Worm Holes The Schwarzschild Solution Shortly after Einstein developed the general theory of relativity , Karl Schwarzschild found a solution for the equations of general relativity in empty space. He started by assuming only that the solution was SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC. This means that no matter how the system is rotated about its center, it remains the same. He then applied the required mathematical conditions to general relativity, and came up with a solution that approximates the behaviour of planets around the sun. In fact, one of the first tests of general relativity was the prediction of the motion of Mercury using the Schwarzschild solution. Another benefit of the solution is that it is static. This means that a star can pulse and evolve in any spherically symmetric way, and there is no way of measuring the effect on gravity. Unfortunately, there is a problem with the Schwarzschild solution. When the distance from the center of the system is equal to a constant multiplied by the total mass of the body, the Schwarzschild metric (recall that this is the function used to measure distance in general relativity) becomes infinite, and has no time dependence. Although it cannot be proved here, this corresponds to light being trapped at this distance. Even worse, when the distance is smaller, time and space swap properties, so that ordinary distance acts like time and time acts like distance.

83. Blackholes: Journey Into The Unknown From the informational resources find the best description of a trip to a black hole. The Astronomers Searching for black holes by PBS (video) http://education.nmsu.edu/webquest/wq/blackhole_webquest/hole5.html

Blackholes: Journey into the Unknown You and your traveling companions, a group of scientists, are currently enjoying a remarkable and relaxing tour of the local universe. Your tour guide suddenly informs you that the rocket's engines have failed. In order to navigate, the captain will use the enormous gravity of a blackhole to guide you to a nearby help station. Recognizing a great scientific opportunity, your group,decides to gather as much information about these mysterious objects. The Task You and your collegues are to return to earth after gathering as much information on blackholes as possible. Once on earth you have been invited to make a multi-media presentation to the "21st Annual Conference of Space Phenomenon". Because this is such a big responsibility you and your "fellow scientists" divide into smaller teams for research and share your findings back on earth. The Process 1. Divide into teams of four or five " scientists." Eachgroup will consist of the following four types of scientists: THE FACT FINDER : this scientist is responsible for only factual information.

84. Gothos: Jillian's Guide To Black Holes Introduction to the types, formation, and environment inside and outside of black holes. http://www.gothosenterprises.com/black_holes/

Jillian's Guide to Black Holes An informal introduction to black holes, those wacky astronomical oddities of extremity! Loosely affiliated with the slightly less well-known Jillian's Guide to Gravitational Waves How to create a black hole, using stars, matter from a split-second after the big bang, and other household items. Three classifications of black holes, a breakdown of their parts, and descriptions of what happens at varying distances from a black hole. Why black holes are most often seen with accretion disks, Hawking radiation, and how one can steal energy from a rotating black hole. ... Other interesting and informative websites Organization, Caveats, and Editor's Notes I wrote this web site because I have always liked learning about black holes. However, it was always a challenge finding reading material that did not go over my head. I created this web site as a resource that I wish I had had access to when I wanted to learn about black holes. The information covered here is just the tip of the iceberg, an introduction to the wacky and wonderful world of relativity and astronomy. I would stress that this is difficult material. The best way to understand black holes and relativity better is to bone up on your math skills and take a course in relativity. The math is a tool you need to really understand this material. Give yourself time to learn - do not expect to pick this up in a week.

85. Cambridge Relativity Nontechnical descriptions of cosmology, black holes, cosmic strings, inflation, quantum cosmology, and string theory. http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/

National Cosmology Supercomputer Cosmology Black holes Cosmic strings National Cosmology Supercomputer Cosmology Black holes Cosmic strings ... [Next]

86. Black Holes And Event Horizons - Ghosts Of Stars Formed when a massive star collapses from its own gravity, a black hole has such a strong pull of gravity that not even light or other stars can escape from http://space.about.com/cs/blackholes/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Space / Astronomy Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Space / Astronomy newsletter! See Online Courses Search Space / Astronomy Blackholes and Event Horizons Guide picks Submit Your Site Black Holes Guide Resources dealing with black holes, singularities, and event horizons. Includes images, articles, web links and more black holes information. Lots of great resources on black holes, the ghosts of stars, with more added weekly. Top Fictional Black Hole Movies What are Black Holes - where do Black Holes come from and how do stars fit in? Find the answers to these and other questions in the top ten Black Hole books. Top 10 Nonfiction Black Hole Books The idea of black holes was first theorized in the late eighteenth century. Black holes are still just a theory, but a very good theory. Now that astronomers have acquired evidence that theoretical white dwarfs and neutron stars really exist, the case for black holes has been strengthened. Discover more about these fascinating theoretical phenomena. Black Hole Images Images of black holes provided by the Hubble Space Telescope.

87. Black Holes Index HyperPhysics********** Astrophysics Go Back. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/bhocon.html

Index HyperPhysics Astrophysics Go Back Index HyperPhysics Astrophysics Go Back

88. Time Travel Is It Possible Interview with Steven Gibbs, documented incident of possible timeslippage, scientific premises of possibility, warping time, cosmic strings, paradoxes, wormholes, black holes, movie and book reviews. http://www.strangemag.com/timetravel.html

STRANGEhome TIME TRAVEL Is Time Travel Possible? Has it been accomplished? Who are those who claim to have travelled through time? What do scientists think about time travel? Inspired by the Time Travel theme of Strange Magazine 14 (Fall, 1994) our Strange Web Site Time Travel pages include some of the high points of that issue, as well as some classic time-bending High Strangeness from our Louisiana correspondent Ken Meaux. Ken's haunting piece has been reprinted, retold, and cited many times since it debuted in Strange Magazine 2 (Spring, 1989). Never-before-published material includes Douglas Chapman's quick tour of some time travel movies. Sherrill Roberts discusses the possibility that modern physics may provide some mechanisms for moving though time. Time Travel book reviews and a suggested reading list round out the Time Travel Pages. HIGH STRANGENESS: TIME TRAVELLER Ken Meaux's unforgettable telling of a documented incident of possible time-slippage. QUANTUM STRANGENESS AND SPACETIME Sherrill Roberts discusses the scientific premises that suggest that time travel may be possible, including proposed mechanisms for warping time. Enter the world of worm holes, black holes, cosmic strings, and time travel paradoxes in this referenced article. TIME TRAVEL MOVIES Douglas Chapman touches on some significant time travel films.

89. Black Holes Basic ideas and descriptions of what black holes are and if white holes exist. http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/users/gabor/black_holes/

Black Holes Gabor Kunstatter Physics Department University of Winnipeg Based on lectures given as part of the course "Foundations of Physics I", University of Winnipeg, 2002. Table of Contents Select a slide or start at the beginning Black Holes Einstein’s Gravity and Black Holes Problems with Newton ... “Quantum Gravity”-The Holy Grail of Theoretical Physics Back to Home Page Comments or Questions? Last update: 4/24/2002

90. Exploration Of The Universe Division Beyond Einstein From the Big Bang to black holes.The education pages sponsored by the SEU Theme Office at the Office of Space Science at NASA Headquarters, with a link to the Educators Forum. http://universe.gsfc.nasa.gov/

+ NASA Homepage + Exploration of the Universe Division SEARCH THE UNIVERSE ... this could take a while... EUD HOME Astroparticle Physics X-ray Astrophysics ... Links If you're looking for the Beyond Einstein site, please visit http://universe.nasa.gov/ Wed Sep 14 in B2/Rm215 @ 11:00 Lee Lindblom (Caltech) Preserving the Constraints in Numerical Relativity Tue Sep 20 in B21/Rm183 @ 3:30 Eli Dwek (GSFC) Interstellar Dust Wed Sep 21 in B21/Rm183A @ 3:30 Lynne Valencic (Instituto de Astronomia, UNAM) A Re-examination of UV Extinction and Diffuse Interstellar Bands Tue Sep 27 in B21/Rm183 @ 3:30 John Baker (GSFC) Gravitational Waves EUD Colloquium Division Director Seminar Boldt Lectureship Series September 12 - Swift detects most distant explosion. August 10 - John Mather wins SPIE's George W. Goddard award. July 28 - ARCADE /CosmoCam flew overnight across Texas. July 13 - "Three satellites needed to bring out 'shy star'" Volker Beckmann (661) led this work July 10 - Astro-E2 (now Suzaku) launched! Congrats to the XRS and XRT teams in the EUD, and to the entire mission team in the US and Japan. June 22 - "NASA's Hubble Chases Unruly Planet" Mark Clampin (667) and collegues did this work June 6 - Jennifer Scott is awarded 2005 Robert J. Trumpler Award by the ASP

91. Black Holes Quantum mechanics turns black holes from cold, eternal objects into hot shrinking Physicists wondered Is there a microscopic origin for black hole http://www.superstringtheory.com/blackh/

The Official String Theory Web Site Black Holes Quiz yourself on the content of this section Some basic books for further reading Some advanced books for further reading What would happen if gravity were so strong that even light could not escape its pull? The answer to this question is the shocking and amazing object known as the black hole basic advanced What is a black hole like? How were they first discovered? How do astronomers know if they're seeing one? basic advanced Quantum mechanics turns black holes from cold, eternal objects into hot shrinking thermodynamics. Physicists wondered: Is there a microscopic origin for black hole entropy? basic advanced Find out how and why string theory modifies the spacetime equations of Einstein. basic advanced Thanks to the string duality revolution of the early nineties, a microscopic derivation for black hole entropy has been discovered, at least in theory. basic advanced Previous Next ... forum

92. Dozens Of Middleweight Black Holes Detected CNN http://cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/06/06/space.holes.reut/index.html

93. X-ray Data Reveal Black Holes Galore: Science News Online, Jan. 15, 2000 Chandra has identified the origin of highenergy X-ray background and found that galactic black holes are far more numerous than visible-light surveys http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20000115/fob1.asp

Science News Books. Subscribe to Science News ... Science News for Kids Math Trek Algebra, Philosophy, and Fun Food for Thought Sickening Food Science Safari Eclipse Patrol TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Science News e-LETTER. ... Week of Jan. 15, 2000; Vol. 157, No. 3 , p. 36 X-ray Data Reveal Black Holes Galore Ron Cowen Viewed in visible light, the sky appears as a dark expanse, adorned with the twinkling lights of faraway stars. But with an X-ray telescope, the sky seems uniformly bright, bathed in a diffuse glow. For 37 years, astronomers have struggled to find the multitude of pointlike sources that combine to produce this impressionistic glow, known as the X-ray background. Although they have made progress, the limited ability of telescopes to detect X rays in fine detail has hampered their efforts. Patch of sky imaged by the Keck Telescope in visible light (black dots and disks) and by the Chandra observatory at X-ray wavelengths (numbered circles). Mushotzky, Cowie, Arnaud, Barger Using the orbiting Chandra X-Ray Observatory, a sensitive telescope launched last July (SN: 9/4/99, p. 148), researchers now report that they've pinned down the origin of the background at energies where it had remained most elusive—above 2,000 electronvolts. The results suggest that supermassive black holes lurking at the cores of galaxies are far more common than visible-light observations have revealed. An intriguing, but much less certain, possibility is that some of the X-ray-bright objects are the signposts of the earliest galaxies to assemble in the universe.

94. 300 Black Hole Links of black holes + Evaporation + Thermodynamics + black holes IN FIELD THEORY GENERAL Back to RJN s Movie Page on black holes and Neutron Stars. http://www.mysteries-megasite.com/main/bigsearch/blackhole.html

Black Hole Links Go to Frames! Break Out of Frames Search Mystery Links Home Page-Site Guide ... http://www.armageddononline.org This website is not just about the possibility of Armageddon, Anthrax, Area 51, Black Holes, Astronomy, Bible Mystery, Illuminati, Disases or Plagues, Earthquakes, Nostradamus, Volcanoes, Extinction Level Events but to explore the anomalies of the known world and universe. From super volcanoes and mega tsunamis on Earth to stars collapsing and exploding into hypernovae across the galaxy, these are the most destructive forces in the universe. Everything you never wanted to know... http://www.amtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/bh_home.html BLACK HOLES Introduction to black holes Observational evidence for black holes Black holes and critical phenomena [Back][Cosmology][Cosmic strings][Inflation][Quantum gravity][Home][Next... http://www.rdrop.com/users/green/school/primordi.htm Main Page Black Hole Formation Black Hole Detection Event Horizon Primordial Black Holes Quasars Hawking Radiation The Information Paradox Frame Dragging Likely Black Hole Candidates Our Attempts To Contact Stephen Hawking Glossary References Used About the Authors Another type of black... http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/r/e/redingtn/www/netadv/bh.html

95. 87 FAQs About Black Holes From Ask The Astronomer - The Astronomy Cafe Basic black hole Primer Jillian s Guide to black holes Are black holes now considered to be proven real objects in the universe? http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/abholes.html

87 FAQs about BLACK HOLES at the Astronomy Cafe Additional Online Resources (ca April 2000): Computer Models and Simulations: Into the Cosmos Trip to a Black Hole plus general information: Robert Nemiroff Basic black hole Primer: Jillian's Guide to Black Holes Back to the Astronomy Cafe - 365 of the most popular questions since 1996. Over 1 million page requests! Beginner: What is a black hole? Are black holes now considered to be 'proven' real objects in the universe? Is there really a black hole in the center of the Milky Way? Where are the best candidates for black holes? ... How much can a black hole weigh? Intermediate: Do the jets of gas in some galaxies have anything to do with rotating black holes? If nothing can escape a black hole, why do they still emit x-rays? What is the maximum possible rotation speed of a black hole? What do worm holes have to do with black holes? ... Is there a limit to how much mass a black hole can absorb? Advanced: What is the latest on black holes? What happens when a black hole and a white hole collide? Where does matter go after it is squeezed through a Singularity? What happens when two black holes collide? ... RETURN to the Question and Answer Index.

96. No Escape: The Truth About Black Holes Interactive activity designed to teach about black holes. http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/blackholes/lesson/index.ht

97. Astronomers Finally Find Hidden Black Holes - Space.com - MSNBC.com Space.com A host of hidden black holes have been revealed in a narrow region of the sky, confirming astronomers suspicions that the universe is loaded http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8812911/

Skip navigation Tech / Science Science Space News ... Most Popular NBC NEWS MSNBC TV Today Show Nightly News Meet the Press ... Space News Astronomers finally find hidden black holes Discovery confirms suspicions that universe is loaded with undetected wells By Robert Roy Britt A host of hidden black holes have been revealed in a narrow region of the sky, confirming astronomers' suspicions that the universe is loaded with many undetected gravity wells. Black holes cannot be seen directly, because they trap light and anything else that gets too close. But astronomers infer their presence by noting the behavior of material nearby: gas is superheated and accelerated to a significant fraction of light-speed just before it is consumed. The activity releases X-rays that escape the black hole's clutches and reveal its presence. The most active black holes eat so voraciously that they create a colossal cloud of gas and dust around them, through which astronomers cannot peer. That sometimes prevents observations of the region nearest the black hole, making it impossible to verify what's actually there. These hyperactive black holes are called quasars . They can consume the mass of a thousand stars a year and are thought to be precursers to large, normal galaxies. The exist primarily at great distances, seen as they existed when the universe was young.

98. A Short Course On General Relativity A graduate level course which includes weak field theory, gravitational waves, radiation damping, cosmology, the Friedmann and Lemaitre dusts, singularities, black holes, the Schwarzschild metric and Kruskal's extension of it. This is a single postscript document. http://www.ucolick.org/~burke/class/grclass.ps

99. Black Holes Other parts of a black hole are present only in active black holes. Most black holes that have been found usually weigh several million solar masses. http://home.cwru.edu/~sjr16/stars_blackhole.html

Black Holes Overview Black holes are the densest, most massive singular objects in the universe. Formed in one of three main processes, they exert so much gravitational force that nothing - not even light - can escape their pull. Since nothing can ever come out, it is called a hole. Since not even light nor other electromagnetic radiation can escape, it is called a black hole. Black Holes A black hole can be formed in the manner described above, but also in two other ways. The first is that if a star has more than nine solar masses when it goes supernova, then it will collapse into a black hole. The reason that a neutron star stops collapsing is the strong nuclear force , the fundamental force that keeps the center of an atom from collapsing. However, once a star is this big, the gravitational force is so strong that it overwhelms this force and collapses the atom completely. Now there is nothing to hold back collapse, and it collapses into a point (or, in theory, a ring) of infinite density. Stephen Hawking proposed a third way a black hole could form, theorizing that trillions were produced in the Big Bang with some still existing today. This theory is not as widely accepted.

100. [gr-qc/9808035] Black Holes We review the observational evidence for black holes, and briefly discuss some of their properties. We also describe some recent developments involving http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9808035

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract gr-qc/9808035 From: Gary T. Horowitz [ view email ] Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 21:58:09 GMT (15kb) Black Holes Authors: Gary T. Horowitz Saul A. Teukolsky Categories: gr-qc Comments: 13 pages, To appear in the American Physical Society Centenary issue of Reviews of Modern Physics, March 1999 Report-no: UCSBTH-98-5 Journal-ref: Rev.Mod.Phys. 71 (1999) S180-S186 Black holes are among the most intriguing objects in modern physics. Their influence ranges from powering quasars and other active galactic nuclei, to providing key insights into quantum gravity. We review the observational evidence for black holes, and briefly discuss some of their properties. We also describe some recent developments involving cosmic censorship and the statistical origin of black hole entropy. Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted); CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) 1 trackback What's this?

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