61. CNN.com - 'X' Marks The Spot Where Black Holes Meet - August 30, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/TECH/space/08/29/black.holes/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 'X' marks the spot where black holes meet Jets from the core of radio galaxy NGC326, seen closer in the inset, seem to have abruptly switched direction, a possible sign of a black hole merger. By Richard Stenger CNN (CNN) When two galaxies collide, massive black holes in their respective centers fuse in a dramatic flourish that creates a telltale "X" mark, according to astronomers. The conclusion offers strong support to the theory that the gravitationally powerful black holes merge when galaxies crash into one another. A joint U.S.-Australian team of scientists calculated that the fusion of two black holes would knock the larger one out of alignment and flip its spin axis. Such a jolt would change the direction of radio-emitting jets, which stream in perpendicular fashion from a swirling disk of gas around central black holes. The "smoking gun" evidence shows up often in radio images of galactic cores, revealing both the old and new jet paths.

62. CNN.com - Big Or Small, Black Holes Play Same Melody - April 9, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/TECH/space/04/09/black.holes/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Big or small, black holes play same melody By Richard Stenger CNN (CNN) Massive black holes that dwell in distant galactic centers and diminutive counterparts that reside in nearby star systems have one startling likeness: they play the same energetic song, albeit at different tempos. British astronomers came to that conclusion after tuning into the X-ray emissions of numerous black holes. They compared the slow variations in emissions from the larger ones with the much more rapid radiation outputs from the smaller siblings. The former can be as much as a billion times heavier than the sun, feeding on an unstable diet of galactic gas. As matter approaches a central black hole, it compresses and releases fluctuating bursts of energy, including X-rays. Radiation emission variations can last hours or years. In contrast, much smaller black holes feed off companion star material. Their energy release variations are measured in milliseconds or seconds.

63. Basic Topics Xray binaries and black holes. Models for the x-ray binaries. ergosphere structure of black hole spacetime around a black hole http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/courses/astro201/top_xrays.htm

X-ray binaries and black holes Models for the x-ray binaries. ergosphere structure of black hole spacetime around a black hole ... Accretion onto black hole Evolution of close binary stars Black hole candidates

64. CNN.com - Chandra Going Strong, Hunting Black Holes - August 30, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/08/30/chandra.anniversary/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Chandra going strong, hunting black holes A drawing of the Chandra X-ray observatory By Richard Stenger CNN (CNN) The most powerful X-ray space telescope ever has astounded scientists with its haunting visions of strange black holes and mysterious dark matter ever since opening its eye to the heavens two years ago. Galaxies eating neighbors. A stream of matter eight times the length of the Milky Way. An X-ray shadow cast by one galaxy against another. The Chandra X-ray Observatory has seen them all and more in it brief tenure in space. The spacecraft, which took its first picture in August 1999, has given an unprecedented glimpse into hot spots in the universe, including those notorious monsters lurking in the heart of many galaxies. "Black holes, black holes, black holes. We're seeing them early in the universe, in huge sizes, in much greater quantities than some of us expected, and we've discovered new classes of black holes," said Chandra scientist Andrew Weisskopf, describing the returns from the $2.8 billion mission, one of NASA's most expensive. VIDEO Watch an animation of Chandra's orbit (Courtesy TRW) Play video (QuickTime, Real or Windows Media)

65. New Scientist Breaking News - Hawking Cracks Black Hole Paradox After nearly 30 years of arguing that a black hole destroys everything It seems that black holes may after all allow information within them to escape. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6151

66. BLACK HOLE LINKS A set of links to numerous black holes resources on the Web. A great starting point to finding some advanced papers on the topic. http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/r/e/redingtn/www/netadv/bh.html

The Net Advance of Physics: BLACK HOLES As Astronomical Objects or In Field Theory Part One: ASTRONOMICAL BLACK HOLES General Observations (?) of Black Holes Evaporation Thermodynamics ... BLACK HOLES IN FIELD THEORY GENERAL: Overviews: Elementary: Black Holes FAQ, by Ted Bunn Black Hole and Neutron Star (Simulation), by Robert J. Nemiroff Black Hole Evaporation (elementary explanation), by E. M. Francis, 95/08 Spacetime Wrinkles, from the NCSA Expo Advanced: Lectures on Black Holes, by Andy Strominger, 95/01 The Net Advance of Physics: GENERAL RELATIVITY Event Horizons: Numerical Methods: Numerical Relativity and Black Hole Horizons, by J. Masso, 94/12 /Interactions and Dynamics of Black Holes: Accelerating Black Holes: Quantum Aspects of Gravity: ACCELERATING BLACK HOLES, by Steve Giddings Part 1, 95/07 Accretion Disks: The Physics of Black Hole X-Ray Transients, by J. C. Wheeler et al., 96/01 Merger Rate Estimates: Cosmological Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts, by C. D. Dermer and T. J. Weiler, 95/08 OBSERVATIONS(?) OF BLACK HOLES: Black Holes Within Galaxies: Milky Way: What is Sgr A*?, by Heino Falcke, 94/11

67. New Scientist Breaking News - Hawking Concedes Black Hole Bet Preskill had doubted Hawking s theory that black holes destroy Hawking reached his solution by considering what happened to black holes of all different http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6193

68. News@nature Read the latest science news stories, extended features and analysis, acclaimed columnists, plus blogs and multimedia specials all brought to you by our http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050328/full/050328-8.html

@import "/news/style.css"; nature.com homepage Jump to main content Jump to navigation ... Browse by subject Search This site All of nature.com Advanced search Home News Features ... Stories by subject NEWS CHANNELS My news Biotechnology Careers Drug discovery ... For librarians Black holes 'do not exist' This article is available in full to Premium plus subscribers With a Premium plus subscription you get full access to news@nature.com , the full archive back to 1998, the ability to personalise your own news page, and articles up to 2 weeks before they appear in print. Existing personal subscribers to Nature Nature Medicine Nature Biotechnology or Nature Reviews Drug Discovery now receive news@nature.com Premium Plus access free with their subscription. Simply login with your existing username and password. Get information on institutional site license access here Current premium plus subscribers Log in to view the article USERNAME PASSWORD Save password Forgotten password? Subscribe Get full article access Premium $ 7.99 per month (online only)

69. News@nature Read the latest science news stories, extended features and analysis, acclaimed columnists, plus blogs and multimedia specials all brought to you by our http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040712/full/040712-12.html

@import "/news/style.css"; nature.com homepage Jump to main content Jump to navigation ... Browse by subject Search This site All of nature.com Advanced search Home News Features ... Stories by subject NEWS CHANNELS My news Biotechnology Careers Drug discovery ... For librarians Hawking changes his mind about black holes This article is available in full to Premium plus subscribers With a Premium plus subscription you get full access to news@nature.com , the full archive back to 1998, the ability to personalise your own news page, and articles up to 2 weeks before they appear in print. Existing personal subscribers to Nature Nature Medicine Nature Biotechnology or Nature Reviews Drug Discovery now receive news@nature.com Premium Plus access free with their subscription. Simply login with your existing username and password. Get information on institutional site license access here Current premium plus subscribers Log in to view the article USERNAME PASSWORD Save password Forgotten password? Subscribe Get full article access Premium $ 7.99 per month (online only)

70. Black Holes HOW DO WE SEE black holes ? John Blondin Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Physics North Carolina State University. http://wonka.physics.ncsu.edu/~blondin/Blackhole/title.html

HOW DO WE SEE BLACK HOLES John Blondin Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Physics North Carolina State University

71. Taking The Cosmic Shortcut - ABC Science Online The future, Einstein's special theory of relativity, the past, theory of gravitation, black holes, wormholes, negative energy and links. http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/wormholes/default.htm

This article originally appeared in the February 2002 edition of Helix Imagine seeing the dinosaurs first-hand, visiting your great, great, great grandchildren in the 22nd Century, or travelling to the other side of the Milky Way in an instant. Time travel and wormholes used to belong to the realm of make-believe. But, with a little inspiration from some creative writers and thinkers, Elizabeth Warnes says physicists have begun to show us that science fact can be just as strange as science fiction. Travelling into the future... ONLINE FORUM Dr Charley Lineweaver, Professor Ray Norris, Dr Joss Hawthorne and Tamara Davis online to discuss the possibilities and paradoxes of time travel and wormholes You can read what they had to say here Einstein's special theory of relativity shows that time travel into the future is possible. The theory demonstrates that the way we perceive time is relative to our motion. Objects travelling at speeds close to the speed of light (about 300 000 kilometres per second) age more slowly than stationary objects. In 1975, Professor Carrol Alley tested Einstein's theory using two synchronised atomic clocks. Carol loaded one clock onto a plane, which was flown for several hours, while the other clock remained on the ground. At the end of its flight, the clock on the plane was slightly behind the one on the ground. Time had actually slowed down for the clock on the plane. It had travelled forward in time.

72. Chandra :: Field Guide To X-ray Sources :: Black Holes An explanation of cosmic Xray sources, from black holes to galaxy clusters, as well as a review of the history of X-ray astronomy, what X-rays are and how http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/blackholes.html

Black Holes Stellar -Black holes with a mass of about 5 - 100 Suns formed at the end of very massive star's evolutionary cycle. Mid-mass -A newly discovered type of black hole that has a mass of 500 - 1,000's of Suns. Supermassive -Black holes with a mass of a million or more Suns located in the centers of galaxies. Chandra Special Feature: Exploring Black Holes Chandra Images: Black Holes Black Holes CXC Home Search ... Glossary [News by email: Chandra Digest [Contact us: cxcpub@cfa.harvard.edu Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Phone: 617.496.7941 Fax: 617.495.7356 Text Size: Operated for NASA by SAO This site was developed with funding from NASA under Contract NAS8-39073. Revised: August 01, 2005

73. Chandra :: Resources :: Q&A: Galaxies, Galaxy Clusters, AGN, And Quasars Capable browsers will automatically be transported there in a few seconds. Thanks for visiting! black holes. separator line http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/black_holes.html

Redirection The page you are looking for has been moved. We will re-direct you to the page closest in content. Capable browsers will automatically be transported there in a few seconds. Thanks for visiting! Black Holes CXC Home Search Help ... Glossary [News by email: Chandra Digest [Contact us: cxcpub@cfa.harvard.edu Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Phone: 617.496.7941 Fax: 617.495.7356 Text Size: Operated for NASA by SAO This site was developed with funding from NASA under Contract NAS8-39073. Revised: August 01, 2005

74. Untitled Document Explains the dynamic makeup of the universe, transmitting (conducting) electromagnetic energy (frequencies), gravity, black holes, the formation and future of the universe. http://www.unified-universe.com/

TRANSMITTING PARTICLE ENERGY IN A UNIFIED UNIVERSE by James R. Coppoletti THE DYNAMIC MAKEUP OF THE UNIVERSE TRANSMITTING ENERGY USING PARTICLES TRANSMITTING SOUND PARTICLE ENERGY TRANSMITTING ELECTRO-MAGNETIC PARTICLE ENERGY GRAVITY-BLACK HOLES THE FORMATION AND FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE THE DYNAMIC MAKEUP OF THE UNIVERSE There are two fundamentals: 1. ENVIRONMENTS OF PARTICLES 2. MOVEMENT These two fundamentals are necessary to create a process of transmitting various forms of energy, which are necessary for the infinite diversity of the Universe. Elemental particles are very diverse, and are thought of as the building blocks of the universe. They vary in mass (determined by their internal particle structure), and oscillate back and forth at various FREQUENCIES per second. There are a little over 100 of them ranging from Hydrogen, to the Lead or Uranium particle. Elemental particles are not solid, but made up of smaller particles. The mass and frequency is determined by the particle structure. It may be large to small, sparse to dense, and compressable to uncompressable. There may also be various combinations of these characteristics. Generally low mass low frequency particles (Hydrogen, Oxygen), are large, sparse, compressable structures. High mass high frequency particles (Lead, Uranium), are small, dense, uncompressable structures. The Hydrogen particle will gravitate to the outer layers of the atmosphere, while the Lead particle will gravitate toward the inner layers of the Earth, with the other elemental particles gravitating to their respective layers or positions, depending on their mass.

75. Black Holes A one hour lecture given to senior liberal arts students on the concepts surrounding black holes. http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/BlackHoles/BlackHoles.ht

Black Holes Click here to go to the JPU200Y home page. Click here to go to the Physics Virtual Bookshelf Click here to go to the UPSCALE home page. Introduction: "A luminous star, of the same density as the Earth, and whose diameter should be two hundred and fifty times larger than that of the Sun, would not, in consequence of its attraction, allow any of its rays to arrive at us; it is therefore possible that the largest luminous bodies in the universe may, through this cause, be invisible." Pierre Laplace, The System of the World , Book 5, Chapter VI (1798). Evolution of Stars Clouds of Hydrogen begin condensing into more dense clusters due to gravitation. Eventually the density gets high enough that the Hydrogen begins fusing into Helium. This fusion releases energy, mostly in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Our sun is currently in this phase. Note that the gravitational attraction of the matter of the star is trying to make it smaller; this is balanced by the radiation pressure that is trying to push the matter outward making the star bigger. In class we showed a photograph of a birthplace of stars; the URL is http://www.seds.org/hst/M16WF2.html

76. Space And Time Course based on Stephen Hawking's best selling book, A Brief History of Time . The course deals with topics in modern physics such as Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, Quantum Theory, black holes and the Creation of the Universe. http://info.hartwick.edu/physics/spacetime.html

Welcome to the homepage for Physics 127: Space and Time. This course is based on Stephen Hawking's best selling book, "A Brief History of Time". The course deals with exciting topics in modern physics such as Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, Quantum Theory, Black Holes and the Creation of the Universe. Paul Hewitt's text "Conceptual Physics" is also used to fill in details about basic physics concepts such as energy, momentum, wave motion, atomic and nuclear physics that are necessary in order to understand the ideas in Hawking's book. You can read the syllabus by clicking here. A term project is required for this course. The purpose of the project is to help you to relate the ideas encountered in the course to your own interests, hobbies or professional goals. Details about this project can be obtained by clicking on the highlighted text. Here are some links to other web pages that may help you to learn about some of the ideas discussed in this course: Stonehenge This page contains several photos of the Stonehenge monument taken by Dr. Hickey in the Fall of 1999. Galileo's telescopes Pictures of the telescopes made by Galileo. Pictures taken by R. Hickey at the Science Museum in Florence, Italy

77. The Mysteries Of Space And Time About the secrets of distant suns, black holes, and stellar anomalies in space and time. http://library.thinkquest.org/12523/

Welcome to a page about the secrets of distant suns, black holes, and stellar anomalies in space and time This site is designed to allow you , the inquisitive student, to be able to experience and learn about some of the mysteries, ideas, and theories associated with stellar objects and space and time . To enter, decide whether or not you want frames and click on the appropriate image. This site is best viewed in 16-bit color or greater. Click HERE

78. Black Holes With Java In general relativity the motion of a particle near a black hole is not given In a black hole of the type modeled here a sphere with area 4 Pi R2 is not http://www.astro.queensu.ca/~musgrave/cforce/blackhole.html

Black Holes with Java What's different about these two orbits? (Your browser is not Java aware) As the above Applet demonstrates gravity described by a Newtonian central force and the motion near a black hole described by Einstein's theory of general relativity differ qualitatively. The Newtonian orbits are closed and the orbits in Einstein's theory are not. Some of our confidence in Einstein's theory comes from direct observation of this effect in the orbit of Mercury (the effect is slight and observations over many years are required to measure it). The General Idea In general relativity the motion of a particle near a black hole is not given by a force equation. Einstein's theory describes the gravitational effect of mass as a curvature of the spacetime. The orbiting body moves with no outside forces acting on it in a "straight line" (or geodesic). However in a curved space a "straight line" is not straight but curved and the result is the orbit seen above. The curvature of the space also gives rise to a complication in interpreting the radius shown in the applet. In a black hole of the type modeled here a sphere with area 4 Pi R is not a distance R from the origin! (However this is the radial coordinate commonly used for describing such black holes and the coordinate use as "radius" in the applet). In a similar fashion the time used in the evolution of the orbit is the time experienced by an observer travelling with the orbiting body and not that of someone watching from afar.

79. CNN.com - Black Holes crowd heart of next Galaxy - Mar 30, 2004 CNN http://cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/03/30/blackholes.galaxy.cnn/index.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters Your E-mail Alerts RSS ... Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Black holes crowd heart of next galaxy By Robert Roy Britt SPACE.com Andromeda, our nearest galactic neighbor, may harbor a crowd of ten black holes at its center. Story Tools RELATED Hubble finds farthest galaxies Galaxy find stirs Big Bang debate Inside Andromeda YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Space exploration or Create your own Manage alerts What is this? SPACE.com ) Using a new technique astronomers have found 10 apparent black holes near the center of the Andromeda galaxy, the nearest large spiral galaxy to our own. The search method might be employed to uncover more black holes in our Milky Way and in other, more distant galaxies. Andromeda is 2.5 million light-years away. The newfound black hole candidates there's a chance they might be neutron stars instead are of the stellar variety, meaning they are several times the mass of the sun and are the collapsed remains of dead stars. Each has a companion object, an orbiting normal star that feeds material to the black hole. The setups are known as low mass x-ray binary systems.

80. The Hitch-Hiker's Guide To Black Holes. A black hole is suggested to be the end product of a large star that is black holes were first understood by Kurt Schwarzchild well over 60 years ago. http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/workx/blackholes/index3.html

Everything you need to know about BLACK HOLES. Black Holes -When Do They Occur? Stars can turn into varieties of things as they collapse, including white dwarfs, nuetron stars... A black hole is suggested to be the end product of a large star that is collapsing into itself. Due to the fact that gravitational acceleration is calculated by the formula : where m B is the mass of the black hole, as the radius (r) of the star decreases, the gravitational field on it's surface increases. This causes a chain reaction in which a greater force is put on the star to collapse, thus decreases in size even further, and the gravity of it's surface increases. It is suggested that a star would have to have a mass equivalent to three times that of our sun to become a black hole. If though a star with an equivalent mass to the Earth were to collapse into a black hole, the space that all of the matter would take up would have a radius of less than 9mm. It is easy to see that the density of this would be huge-thus demonstrating why it would have such noticeable effects.The gravitational field created would have important effects to it's surrounding environment, producing signs for astronomers to observe when looking for a black hole. Einstein's theory of general relativity , suggest that close to the star itself, strong distortions occur in the structure of space. He found that the acceleration was equal when caused by changing motion, compared to when changed by gravitational fields. From this we deduce that at the point of a gravitational field, space itself is curved such that moving particles follow the same path as they would if they were being accelerated. This has applications towards photons of light as well as any other particle.

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