41. A Long-term Study Of Knowledge, Risk, And Ethics For Students Enrolled In An Int perceptions of risks associated with biotechnology, and ethics and attitudestoward the 1735 in the Journal Series of the Delaware agric. Exp. Stn. http://jas.fass.org/cgi/content/full/81/5/1348

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager PubMed Articles by Kitto, S. L. Articles by Pesek, J. D. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81:1348-1353 American Society of Animal Science A long-term study of knowledge, risk, and ethics for students enrolled in an introductory biotechnology course S. L. Kitto L. G. Griffiths and J. D. Pesek Plant and Soil Sciences, Animal and Food Science, and Food and Resource Economics, University of Delaware, Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Newark 19717-1303 Correspondence: phone: 302-831-2852; fax: 302-831-6042; E-mail: Abstract Top Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Implications Appendix Literature Cited Since 1989, an undergraduate course addressing issues concerning

42. Future Of Agriculture  Questions We Aren biotechnology on the Ground What Kind of Future Can Farmers Expect and Now we need a renewed ethics to be the foundation of good farming and of all the http://www.und.nodak.edu/misc/ndrural/Future of Agric.htm

Future of Agriculture The Future of Agriculture on the Great Plains By William Patrie. Now many commodities produced in the Great Plains are at great risk of being replaced by commodities produced in other parts of the world where land and labor is cheaper and the land is newer and requires less inputs. Others at this conference can report on the commodity price misery being experienced on the Great Plains. I won't, other than to say that it is a necessary time of sadness, for farm families do not want to let go of their position in food chain as commodity producers. It is like dying. But something new is happening. Like crocuses through the snow of Easter, new businesses are forming. They are businesses formed by farmers who ask financially strapped neighbors to invest money and commit quality products. Soybeans are now being sold as oil, durum wheat as pasta, hard red spring wheat as partially baked frozen bread, corn as sweeteners, alfalfa to milk and cheese, hogs as hams, and cattle as dinning entertainment The Future of Agriculture In North Dakota North Dakota Farmers from All Things Considered, (Real Audio) Thursday, July 5, 2001. Reporter Clay Scott travels to rural western North Dakota, a region that demographers predict will lost up to a third of its population over the next two decades. But as many farmers and ranchers continue to leave the area, some are embracing new exotic crops and animals as a way to continue to live off the land in a place they love. (7:00) Curt Stofferahn was interviewed for this report on All Things Considered.

43. Publications By Cambridge University Animal Welfare Information Centre J. agric. environment. ethics, 6, suppl 2, 1525. 164. Mason, G. and Mendl, In Animal biotechnology and ethics, ed. A. Holland and A. Johnson, 69-82. http://www.animal-info.net/cuawic/publications.html

PUBLICATIONS Books Papers Abstracts Books [back to top] Broom, D.M. (Editor) 1986. Farmed Animals (pp.160). New York: Torstar Books (translated into Japanese, Italian). Messent, P.R. and Broom, D.M. (Editors) 1986. Encyclopaedia of Domestic Animals (pp.3 17). Grolier International. Serpell, J.A. 1986. In the Company of Animals (pp.2 Oxford, New York: Blackwell. Books 1988 [back to top] Serpell, J.A. and others (Editors) 1988. Companion Animals in Society (pp.78). London: Council for Science and Society. Books 1990 [back to top] Fraser, A.F. and Broom, D.M. 1990. Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare (pp.437). (formerly London : Bail1ire Tindall) Wallingford: CAB International Books 1993 [back to top] Broom, D.M. and Johnson, K.G. 1993. Stress and Animal Welfare (pp. 211). London: Chapman and Hall Books 1994 [back to top] Manning, A. and Serpell, J. (Editors) 1994. Animals and Human Society (pp. 199). London : Routledge.

44. Genetic Engineering In Field Crops Ethics And Academia E. Ann Then you have been enjoying the fruits of biotechnology . agric. 12(3)133139.Sholubi, O, DP Stonehouse, and E. Ann Clark. Comparison of organic and http://www.plant.uoguelph.ca/research/homepages/eclark/ethics.htm

G enetic Engineering in Field Crops: Ethics and Academia E. Ann Clark Plant Agriculture University of Guelph eaclark@uoguelph.ca Presented to the Annual Meeting of the Saskatchewan Institute of Agrologists, April 1999 I am a firm believer in the people. If given the truth, they can be depended on to meet any national crisis. The great point is to bring them the real facts. Abraham Lincoln When British shoppers were reportedly quite willing to buy tomato paste openly labelled as genetically engineered a few years ago, were they making an informed decision? Did they know the real facts? Do Canadian shoppers buying unlabelled transgenic potato products marketed under well known brands know enough to ask whether they should be patronizing these products? Do American consumers of dairy products realize that rBST was approved by the US FDA based in part on a proponent-written summary of a 90 day feeding trial with 30 rats - a trial which has never been subject to peer review and published? Have they learned that a more critical review of the actual data from same trial revealed major discrepancies between the proponent summary of "no toxicologically significant changes" and the actual trial results showing that range of rBST-induced adverse health effects? Or that this issue contributed to the 14 Jan 99 Canadian decision to reject rBST, despite 9 years of intensive lobbying by Monsanto?

45. Medical Academic Website. +15.500 Journals, Congresses, Powerpoint Presentations Journal of agricultural environmental ethics. (J agric Environ ethics) Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire 1986) http://www.akademisyen.com/dergiler/pubmed-j.asp

Make My Main Page Home Page Journals Medical Links ... Instruction to Author Medical Links AIDS Allergy Anatomy Andrology ... Veterinary Medicine General Board Congress Free Medical Journals Hospitals ... Textbooks News, Haberler NBC Symposium in Ankara...Dept. of NBC Defense of Gulhane Military Medical Academy and Refik Saydam Hygiene Center beonging to Turkish Ministry of Health are planning to organize a symposium about NBC issues on November (08-09 Nov. 2005)in Ankara, Turkey. All of Bentham Science's journals. To facilitate speedy and cost effective submission of abstracts and manuscripts to all Bentham Science journals, an online submission service via the Internet is now available. Please click the below icon for e-submissions and further details: Australia Austria ... Diðer Index Medicus Journals or/and Pub Med Journals In each branch, all the medical journals which are accepted into Index Medicus and Pub Med are available anymore... For the web-sites and adds go to ' instructions to authors Ýndex Medicus'a veya Pub Med'e giren Medikal dergiler.

46. University Of Glasgow, Crichton Campus E5 BRY; Bud, The Uses of Life A History of biotechnology Biochem B99 1993B agric C148 2002-S; Campbell et al, Medical ethics Medicine AM15 2001-C http://www.cc.gla.ac.uk/layer2/science_soc/science_bibliography.htm

Science Studies Science Studies Liberal Arts Courses Bibliography of Science Studies Titles This bibliography is being updated periodically by Dr. Sean Johnston; please consult the library shelves and on-line catalogue for further titles. The Scientific Revolution Science and Religion Science and Social Responsibility Science and Reasoning ... Imagined Futures Bibliography on History of Science Books available at Crichton Campus library (if a book is out, you can have it recalled) Abbott, Flatland: a parable of spiritual dimensions Physics C25 2000-A Alvarez, T. Rex and the Crater of Doom Geology UK40 1998-A Appleby, Telling the Truth about History History TC50 APP Barnum, Biotechnology : An Introduction Biochem qB99 1998-B Bate, Medicine DT8 1999-B Bauer, Beyond Velikovsky: The History of a Public Controversy Astronomy A20.V3 1999-B Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Unmeasurable? Economics B790.E5 BEL Bentley, Companion to Historiography History BA50 COM3 Bentley, Modern Historiography - An Introduction History BA50 BENTL Berkeley

47. Kelemu Et Al. Harmonizing The Agricultural Biotechnology Debate For The Benefit Develop and harmonize regulations pertaining to bioethics, and intellectualproperty and patent Outlook on agric. 1635-41. Ewen SWB, Pusztai A (1999). http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/manuscripts/manuscripts2003/Novembermanuscri

African Journal of Biotechnology HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... Vol. 2 No. 11 Viewing options: Abstract Full text Reprint (PDF) Search Pubmed for articles by Kelemu S Ampofo K Other links: PubMed Citation Related articles in PubMed African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 2 ( ), pp. October ISSN 1684-5315 © 2003 Academic Journals Special Anniversary Review Harmonizing the agricultural biotechnology debate for the benefit of African farmers Segenet Kelemu , George Mahuku , Martin Fregene , Douglas Pachico , Nancy Johnson , Lee Calvert , Idupulapati Rao , Robin Buruchara , Tilahun Amede , Paul Kimani , Roger Kirkby , Susan Kaaria , Kwasi Ampofo Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. CIAT, c/o Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda. African Highland Initiative (AHI), c/o CIAT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

48. I DON’T CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAY—BIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY agric. Pestic. Impact Assess. Prog. , US Dept. agric., 96 pp. Industry’s useof risk, values, perceptions, and ethics in decision making, pp.7381. http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/ref_perspectives.htm

I DON’T CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAY—BIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY Risk as Perception References and Further Reading Alhakami , A. S., and P. Slovic A psychological study of the inverse relationship between perceived risk and perceived benefit. Risk Anal. 14: 1085-1096. Bostrom , A., B. Fischhoff , and M. G. Morgan. 1992. Characterizing mental models of hazardous processes: a methodology and an application to radon J. Soc. Iss Boulter , D. 1997. Scientific and public perception of plant genetic manipulation—a critical review. Crit . Rev. Plant Sci Brown, D. J., and L. F. Schrader 1990. Cholesterol information and shell egg consumption. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 72: 548-555. Chalfant , J. A., and J. M. Alston 1988. Accounting for changes in tastes. J. Political Econ. 96:391-410. Cothern , C. R. 1996. An overview of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics, pp. 39-67. In C. R. Cothern [ed.], Handbook of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL.

49. Science, Politics And Ethics Therefore agric technologies will no doubt have its negatve aspect but we haveto give The Science, Politics and ethics Blog will experience a network http://politics.scienceboard.net/

@import url( /wp-layout.css ); Science, Politics and Ethics Ethics,the answer to bioterrorism Filed under: General But what happens if the is a biological attack? It depend on the agent but let say if it is anthrax, how does it work? Well the organism when outside a living being is in an inactive form. When used as a bioweapon, it is designed to induce inhalation of anthrax. To get to the spores into the lungs, the organismmust be aerolized which is sometimes difficult but if in proper form, it is straight forward in delivering by use of standard commercial drug spraying equipment.This means in such situation , all of the individuals in that viscinity are in danger. 1. Work to ensure that their discoveries and knowledge do not harm by refusing to engage in any research that has the probability of it being used to facilitate bioterrorism or biowarfare both of which violates the fundamental moral value of humanity and comply with the prohibition of the biological weapons convention to never under any circumstances contribute to development, production or acquisition of microbial or other biological agents or toxins whatever their origin or method of production ,of types or in quantities that cannot be justified on the basis of thei bein neccessary for prophylactic, therapeutic or other peaceful purposes. 2.Work for the ethical and beneficient advancement development and use of scientific knowledge.

50. Core University Program Ibaraki University?Faculty of agric., Chiba University?Marine Biosystems Research The new scientific research which biotechnology system study by http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-asia/e_hp/1_4tsukuba_e.htm

51. Bio-Tech Info - Herbicide Tolerance Response from the CETOS (Center for ethics and Toxics), June 25, 1999. biotechnology and the Future of Agriculture, New York Times, December 11, 1997 http://www.biotech-info.net/herbicide-tolerance.html

General Discussions and Opinions Soybeans Corn Cotton ... Ecological Risks Indicates Link Outside Ag BioTech InfoNet General Discussion and Opinions Roundup Unready, Editorial Desk, The New York Times, February 19, 2003 Monsanto failed halfway in developing herbicide tolerant rice in Japan, GMO Information Service Japan, December 5, 2002 "Putting Rat on the Menu" , SANET Post by Joe Cummins, February 14, 2002 ( Inducible cross-tolerance to herbicides in transgenic potato plants with the rat CYP1A1 gene - ABSTRACT , TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics 104 Issue 2-3 [2002] pp 308-314) GMO grass seed , By Matt Sabo, Correspondent, The Oregonian Syngenta Stops GE Sugar Trials in Europe, Trouw Daily, February 23, 2001 Gene-Spliced Wheat Stirs Global Fears Washington Post , February 27, 2001 US data reveals UK GM trials unscientific, Natural Law Party Wessex overview of the abstracts from the 1998 - 2000 Meetings of the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA), Volume 38-40, 2000 Herbicide Tolerant Genes Part 1: Squaring Up Roundup Ready Crops , Agrichemical and Environmental News, September 2000, Issue No. 173 Herbicide Tolerant Genes Part 2: Giddy 'bout Glyphosate , Agrichemical and Environmental News, November 2000, Issue No. 175

52. Search SUSAG Abstracts J. agric. Environ. ethics 10 153182. Boucher, DH 1986. Can biotechnologycontribute to sustainable agriculture? J. Sust. agric. 11(4)51-75. http://www.css.cornell.edu/courses/190/SUSAG-search.html

S USAG Abstracts Prepared by students in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY This collection of abstracts provides a point of entry into the literature about sustainable agriculture. It was prepared by the students and teaching staff of CSS 190 (Sustainable Agriculture). Comments, suggestions, or questions should be addressed to Gary W. Fick You may search SUSAG Abstracts for any term or sets of terms including You many search You keywords (organic agriculture), source authors (Wendell Berry), and student writers (Ryan Akin). Search the abstracts Abstracts have been written for the following SUSAG sources: Go to A B C D ... XYZ A Ahmed, M., M. P. Bimbao, and R.C. Sevilleja. 1992. The economics of rice-fish in Asian mixed farming systems: a case study of the Philippines. p. 207-216. In Z.R. dela Cruz, C. Lightfoot, B.A. Costa-Pierce, V.R. Carangal, and M.P. Bimabao (ed.) Proc. 24th Rice-Fish Res. and Develop. Conf., Int. Center for Living Aquatic Resour. Manag. (ICLARM), Manila, the Philippines. Aldwell, C.R. 1997.

53. Ethics Of Using Transgenic Animals Fox M. (1988) Genetic engineering biotechnology animal welfare and Outlook onAgric. 2089. Theune EP de Cock Buning Tj. (1991) Grenzen aan http://oslovet.veths.no/transgenics/references.html

This site is one of the services provided by: The Norwegian Reference Centre for The ethics of using transgenic animals (Etiske aspekter ved bruk av transgene dyr) Here are a number of references on the subject. The majority of these have been kindly provided by members of the Comparative Medicine discussion list (CompMed) on the Internet, to whom l am extremely grateful. Some of these references still need to be checked. Please report any errors or suggestions for additions to adrian.smith@veths.no These references are divided arbitrarily into: 1. References 2. Other sources, including journals, policy statements and videofilms REFERENCES ANZCCART (1999). In the September 1999 newsletter from ANZCCART (Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching), there is an article entitled Ethical and Welfare Implications associated with Transgenic Animals. The newsletter may be downloaded here as a pdf file. You will need Acrobat Reader to read this file. Bateson, P. (1986). When to experiment on animals. New Scientist 109(1496): 30-32.

54. Agricultural Ethics -- Chrispeels And Mandoli 132 (1): 4 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ethics is about choices, and agricultural ethics is about choices for people and the globalization or protesters against agricultural biotechnology http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/132/1/4

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Cited by other online articles Search for citing articles in: ISI Web of Science (3) PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Chrispeels, M. J. Articles by Mandoli, D. F. Agricola Articles by Chrispeels, M. J. Articles by Mandoli, D. F. Plant Physiol, May 2003, Vol. 132, pp. 4-9 EDITOR'S CHOICE Agricultural Ethics INTRODUCTION TOP INTRODUCTION THE MORAL CONFIDENCE OF... UTILITARIAN ETHICS IS PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE THE... THE EMERGENCE OF... A POLITICAL DIMENSION HOW SHOULD THE BENEFITS... INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WHERE DO WE GO... LITERATURE CITED This is an informal introduction to a series of essays on agricultural ethics. These essays have been solicited from people who have thought about the choices we face and the decisions we must make as we try to balance feeding the world's expected 9 billion people with the need to preserve the food-producing capacity and the natural ecosystems of the Earth for future generations.

55. FAO:AG21:Magazine:Spotlight:Crop Science And Ethics Crop science and ethics. by Louise O. Fresco Science and particularlyagricultural biotechnology - could have done much more to win public support by http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0010sp1.htm

Search Gateway... COAG: Committee on Agriculture AG: Agriculture Department AGA: Animal production/health AGE: FAO/IAEA Joint Division AGL: Land and water development AGP: Plant production/protection AGS: Agric. support systems CGRFA: Genetic resources Magazine home spotlight archive Guide site map Spotlight Crop science and ethics by Louise O. Fresco Assistant-Director General, FAO Agriculture Department "Globalization is a growing trend also in science, where knowledge is being privatized" eing a crop scientist today is not easy. Although crop research was chiefly responsible for last century's fourfold increase in average yields and sixfold rise in total harvest, biological agricultural science is increasingly equated with threats to human health, environmental degradation and, above all, genetically-modified "frankenfood". In order to continue their contribution to human development, crop scientists must regain credibility and public acceptance. That process might begin by analysing, from an ethical perspective, trends in the world around us and the scientific challenges they pose. Basic trend: uneven distribution of food.

56. FAO:AG21:Magazine:Spotlight:The Biotechnology Toolbox AGS agric. support systems, CGRFA Genetic resources From there beganthe modern era of biotechnology, made possible by advances in in vitro cell http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0201sp1.htm

Search Gateway... COAG: Committee on Agriculture AG: Agriculture Department AGA: Animal production/health AGE: FAO/IAEA Joint Division AGL: Land and water development AGP: Plant production/protection AGS: Agric. support systems CGRFA: Genetic resources Magazine home spotlight archive Guide site map Spotlight To date, the main beneficiaries of GM technology have been farmers and technology providers Opening the biotechnology toolbox by James Dargie Director, FAO/IAEA Joint Division for Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Biotechnology has been around for millennia, and probably began when our ancestors used microorganisms to make bread, wine and cheese. It moved on to a more scientific footing in the 1860s, with the work of Pasteur on microorganisms and Mendel on plant genetics. Their pioneering work led at the beginning of 20th century to controlled selection and breeding experiments and 50 years later to the commercial production of crop and animal varieties, breeds and hybrids. From there began the modern era of biotechnology, made possible by advances in in vitro cell culture and the use of molecular techniques both to identify and - in everyday computer language - to "cut and paste" genes from one cell to another. This process of recombining DNA is known as genetic engineering and its products - microorganisms, plants, trees, livestock and fish - are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At a pace paralleled only by the digital revolution, we are now unravelling the structure of genomes, discovering the functions of individual genes, and understanding how these can be turned on and off to change the traits of whole organisms.

57. Intelliware International – Information About Business Law, Biotechnology Law A Current Issues in biotechnology, Bioethics and Intellectual Property Law ethics of Human Cloning, Reproduction and Stem Cell research http://www.intelliwareint.com/Info1d.html

Biotechnology Law and Related Issues Current Issues in Biotechnology, Bioethics and Intellectual Property Law The Science of Biotechnology and Genetics Agriculture Concerns Biosafety and Environmental Concerns Animal Rights ... Bio-Terrorism First, The Science - What is Biotechnology and Genetics? Genetic Engineering is the heritable, directed alteration of an organism. A heritable alteration is a change that can be carried from one generation to the next. Genetic engineering is performed by modifying an organism's own DNA or introducing new DNA to perform desired functions. Biotechnology is a broader term than genetic engineering and includes non-genetic techniques to modify organisms. Genetic engineering is the most powerful and least understood tool for biotechnology. Many of the same principles used in genetic engineering are involved in biotechnology. Genetic Engineering involves DNA modifications. DNA is the genetic material in all known forms of life. DNA contains genes (just as a recipe book contains recipes) that give us many of our physical characteristics. However, we are not simply gene-based machines - the environment we are in also determines our traits. One of the challenges of genetic engineering is to determine how genes influence our traits and how to modify DNA to alter these traits. Genes affecting disorders such as alcoholism provide only a predisposition. Having the gene for alcoholism may make one more prone to alcoholism but does not guarantee that one will become alcoholic, nor does not having the gene mean one is immune.

58. Current Issues In Bioethics, Biotechnology And Intellectual Property Law CURRENT ISSUES IN biotechnology, BIOethics AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW ethics of Human Cloning, Reproduction and Stem Cell Research http://www.intelliwareint.com/CURRENT ISSUES.htm

CURRENT ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOETHICS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW The Science of Biotechnology and Genetics Agriculture Concerns Biosafety and Environmental Concerns ... First, The Science - What is Biotechnology and Genetics? Genetic Engineering is the heritable, directed alteration of an organism. A heritable alteration is a change that can be carried from one generation to the next. Genetic engineering is performed by modifying an organism's own DNA or introducing new DNA to perform desired functions. Biotechnology is a broader term than genetic engineering and includes non-genetic techniques to modify organisms. Genetic engineering is the most powerful and least understood tool for biotechnology.. Many of the same principles used in genetic engineering are involved in biotechnology Genetic Engineering involves DNA modifications. DNA is the genetic material in all known forms of life. DNA contains genes (just as a recipe book contains recipes) that give us many of our physical characteristics. However, we are not simply gene-based machines - the environment we are in also determines our traits. One of the challenges of genetic engineering is to determine how genes influence our traits and how to modify DNA to alter these traits. Genes affecting disorders such as alcoholism provide only a predisposition. Having the gene for alcoholism may make one more prone to alcoholism but does not guarantee that one will become alcoholic, nor does not having the gene mean one is immune.

59. Biotechnology And Tomato Fruit Ripening The project was funded jointly by the biotechnology Biological Sciences The ethics of using genetic engineering techniques for the improvement of food http://www.brettb.com/biotechnology.asp

HOME ABOUT ME BIOTECHNOLOGY ARTICLES ... CONTACT Search: Go DEVELOPER TOOLS ASP Doc Tool ASP.NET Doc Tool ... The Website Utility TECHNICAL ARTICLES ASP ASP.NET JavaScript Transact SQL PHOTO GALLERIES Canon EOS 300D Samples Red Arrows 2004 Living Coasts Web Page Backgrounds ... More Galleries... NEW STUFF SQL Color Coder Canon EOS 300D Samples The Website Utility Search Engine Optimisation ... Other New Stuff... POPULAR STUFF Regular Expressions ASP Documentation Tool JavaScript Ad Rotator LINKS Business Website ASPAlliance Articles Home Articles Biotechnology and Tomato Fruit Ripening In 1990 I started a B.Sc. In Plant Biotechnology at Wye College , part of Imperial College, London (but actually in Kent). I graduated in 1993, whereupon I started a PhD studentship at the University of Nottingham My Ph.D. work concerned the characterisation of Pectinesterase isoforms in tomato. The project was funded jointly by the and Zeneca Plant Science The enzyme Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) is found in all plants, and many plant pathogens. The enzyme is especially abundant in tomato, where it has been most extensively studied. In tomato, the enzyme has been detected in fruit, leaves and roots. In particular, the fruit contain very high levels of the enzyme, leading to the theory that it has an important role in fruit ripening and softening [ Column chromatography has been able to separate PE into distinct isoforms. The dominant isoform in tomato is called PE2. This isoform is fruit specific, and appears to increase during ripening. Most work on PE has concentrated on this isoform, due to the large amount of it in tomato fruit, and its ease of extraction. The enzyme has been purified, and genes coding for the enzyme have also been isolated. PE2 has been previously 100% downregulated in tomato using antisense inhibition [

60. UnCover@UTK Articles Received By Journal Title And Department agric. ENG. 4 $110.00 $27.50 Totals for Journal Title 4 $110.00 $27.50 1 $17.75 $17.75 Totals for Journal Title 1 $17.75 $17.75 biotechnology AND http://www.lib.utk.edu/~colldev/uncover01/artjour.html

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