81. GI -- World War II Commemoration and in settling the political boundaries in the middle east after the war . In 1906, he published the authoritative biography, Lord Randolph http://www.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_churchill.html

Winston Churchill SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, (1874-1965), British leader. English on his father's side, American on his mother's, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill embodied and expressed the double vitality and the national qualities of both peoples. His names testify to the richness of his historic inheritance: Winston, after the Royalist family with whom the Churchills married before the English Civil War; Leonard, after his remarkable grandfather, Leonard Jerome of New York; Spencer, the married name of a daughter of the 1st duke of Marlborough, from whom the family descended; Churchill, the family name of the 1st duke, which his descendents resumed after the Battle of Waterloo. All these strands come together in a career that had no parallel in British history for richness, range, length, and achievement. Churchill took a leading part in laying the foundations of the welfare state in Britain, in preparing the Royal Navy for World War I, and in settling the political boundaries in the Middle East after the war. In WORLD WAR II emerged as the leader of the united British nation and Commonwealth to resist the German domination of Europe, as an inspirer of the resistance among free peoples, and as a prime architect of victory. In this, and in the struggle against communism afterward, he made himself an indispensable link between the British and American peoples, for he foresaw that the best defense for the free world was the coming together of the English-speaking peoples. Profoundly historically minded, he also had prophetic foresight: British-American unity was the message of his last great book

82. Biography: Micheal Cunningham - Chairman OBE, M. Phil (Cantab). Biography Michael Cunningham joined the Royal Air Force in His business interests make him a frequent visitor to the middle east, http://www.chguk.com/mjcbio.htm

Michael J Cunningham O.B.E., M. Phil (Cantab). Biography Michael Cunningham joined the Royal Air Force in 1965 following two years in management in the paper and Pulp Industry. In the Royal Air Force Mr. Cunningham flew on Canberra, Buccaneer and Tornado Squadrons before commanding the first Tornado Wing at RAF Honington from 1983-85. In that capacity has was responsible for running the evaluation of the Tornado aircraft for the Royal Saudi Air Force. Following a period with MOD Central Staffs in the Department of Budget and Plans, Mr. Cunningham left the RAF in the rank of Group Captain at the direct request of the Saudi Government, to act as senior advisor to UK MOD and British Aerospace on the Al Yamamah project. Within BAe he was promoted to Director of Defence Systems Division, in which capacity he formed BAe Sema as a joint venture between his division and the Sema Group of France. Married with three children, he was honoured by the Queen with the award of the MBE in 1975 and the OBE in 1985. A keen sportsman, he has represented England at Athletics and Great Britain in Bobsleigh.

83. LogicaCMG : Investors : Reports & Accounts : Recent Annual Report : Directors' B Europe and the middle east and was a member of the Logica main board. Prior to that he was chairman and CEO of Royal PTT Nederland (telecom and http://www.logicacmg.com/countries/Investor_Relations/Sublevel/page350228824

@import url(http://www.logicacmg.com/includes/dom.css); @import url(http://www.logicacmg.com/includes/countries.css); @import url(http://www.logicacmg.com/includes/cms-investorrelations.css);@import url(http://www.logicacmg.com/includes/nocolumn.css);@import url(http://www.logicacmg.com/includes/nocolumn_dom.css); Company Markets Solutions Pressroom ... Investors Investors. Directors' biographies. Directors' and management biographies LogicaCMG plc board members Cor Stutterheim (58) # Non-executive chairman Cor was appointed non-executive chairman of LogicaCMG in December 2002. He was previously chairman of CMG for seven years. Cor joined CMG in the Netherlands in 1970 as a systems and programming consultant and held various management positions before being appointed to the board in 1977. He became deputy chairman in January 1995 and was appointed chairman in August 1995. He is a non-executive director of Polar Capital Partners Ltd, a member of the board of directors of Koninklijke Wegener NV and a member of the advisory board of GIMV-ICT. Martin Read (55) +* Group chief executive Martin joined Logica plc in 1993 as chief executive and became group chief executive of LogicaCMG following the merger of Logica and CMG in December 2002. Prior to 1993, he was supervisory managing director of the GEC Marconi Radar and Control Systems group of companies. Martin has been a non-executive director of Boots Group plc since 1999 and of British Airways plc since 2000. He was a non-executive director of ASDA Group plc from 1996 to 1999.

84. Appendix C - Report: Conference On The Promotion And Protection Of Human Rights LT COLONEL PHILIP WILKINSON, MBE was commissioned from the Royal Military He has 8 years operational experience in the Far east, middle east and Europe. http://www.essex.ac.uk/rightsinacutecrisis/report/appendixc.htm

Conference on The Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Acute Crisis London, 11-13 February 1998 Edited by Co-Directors: Dr Mukesh Kapila (DFID) and Professor Nigel S Rodley (University of Essex) Rapporteurs: Professor Kevin Boyle (University of Essex) and Ms Aisling Reidy (University of Essex) Report links: website home page Table of Contents Search Introduction ... Appendices Appendices: section links... Appendix A: List of Participants Appendix B: Agenda Appendix C: Biographies Appendix C: Biographies MR DAVID BASSIOUNI is Chief, Interagency Support Branch Department of Humanitarian Affairs United Nations, Geneva. From 1993 -1997 he was senior policy adviser at UNICEF in the office of Emergency Programmes, and was UNICEF’s representative in Somalia before becoming UN Co-ordinator for Humanitarian Assistance for Somalia from March to December 1992. He holds degrees from Khartoum University and Harvard, and was a Senior Parvin Fellow, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. PROFESSOR KEVIN BOYLE is Professor of Law and director of the Human Rights Centre, University of Essex. From 1986-89 he was director of the NGO Article 19. He has undertaken missions for Amnesty International, including to Somalia. He has written widely on human rights themes and on the Northern Ireland conflict. He is a barrister with extensive experience of pleading cases before the European Commission and Court of Human Rights and is co-counsel in a series of cases before the European Commission and Court of Human Rights arising from the conflict in south-east Turkey. He is Chair of the Development Education Commission, a non-governmental body inquiring into development and human rights education in Britain and Ireland.

85. Oxford Analytica - International Conference - Attendees - Panellist Biographies Former Head of the middle east Programme at the Royal Institute of InternationalAffairs, Chatham House. Also worked as a journalist for the BBC and The http://www.oxan.com/conferences/oaic/attendees_panellists.asp

@import url(/css/nonNN4.css); @import url(conf_nonNN4.css); Home Conferences OAIC Attendees / Panellist Biographies About Attendees Programme Registration ... Contact 14th-16th September, 2005 Sponsors Shell International Business Leaders' Forum Panellist Biographies Mr. Raymond J. Ahearn Mr. Ronald A. Marks Dr. Myles Allen Dr. Hartmut Mayer ... Dr. Andrew Wilson Mr. Raymond J. Ahearn Mr. Ahearn is the Head of the International Trade and Finance Section at the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Library of Congress. In this capacity, he supervises the work of 12 economists who provided research and support to the U.S. Congress on international economic issues. He is the author of a number of CRS reports, including U.S.-European Union Trade Relations and European Trade Retaliation: The FSC-ETI Case. He has also had his articles published in various books, journals, and newspapers. Mr. Ahearn's undergraduate degree is from Union College (Schenectady, N.Y.) and his graduate degrees are from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and The George Washington University. Dr. Myles Allen

86. 0850110297 : Burke's Royal Families Of The World, Volume 2 List Price, 47.5 Pounds Sterling. Availability, In Print. Subjects, Biographyroyalty Reference works AFRICA middle east http://www.gazellebookservices.co.uk/ISBN/0850110297.htm

Gazelle Book Services Limited. White Cross Mills, Hightown, LANCASTER LA1 4XS, United Kingdom. Telephone: +44(0)1524 68765 Fax: +44(0)1524 63232 Email: sales@gazellebooks.co.uk Web: www.gazellebooks.co.uk Title: Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume 2 : Africa and the Middle East Author: Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, Editor ISBN: Illustrations: Format: Hardback Size: Pages: Weight: 1.03 Kg. Published: Burke's Peerage - January 1980 List Price: 47.5 Pounds Sterling Availability: In Print Subjects: Biography: royalty: Reference works: AFRICA: Middle East Brimming with a splendid assortment of extraordinary facts, unexpected connections, interesting and frequently hilarious anecdotes. It is rich in human character and indeed tells us far more about history than those who have a blinkered prejudice against 'genealogy' may realise.

87. Robert Runcie As a lowermiddle-class boy from Liverpool he at first had a hard time of it, Though he had already been the subject of three biographies, none of the http://www.derbydeadpool.co.uk/deadpool2000/obits/runcie.html

Rt Rev Robert Runcie back Robert Runcie, who has died aged 78, might prove to have been the last of the patrician archbishops of Canterbury. Tall and elegant, urbane and witty, he had the sort of charisma - not always evident on television - that made everyone he spoke to feel special. People loved him for it. Yet there was always that subtle formality that set him apart in church circles from the casual familiarity with which Christian names are almost universally used. Old friends called him Bob, newer friends called him Robert; but those who had no right rarely presumed to refer to him as anything but "the archbishop". He was a workaholic perfectionist, demanding impossibly high standards of himself and of his staff. Only his most intimate friends knew the true depth of the spiritual faith and toughness which sustained him through punishing schedules of work, public engagement and overseas travel. The vulnerability was there, but the toughness also enabled him to withstand the constant attacks from the tabloid and rightwing press that were mounted on him and his family throughout the middle years of his time at Lambeth Palace. For a short honeymoon period, it had delighted the media that this pig-keeping, ex-tank commander archbishop should officiate at a royal wedding, welcome the Pope to Canterbury, and deploy Terry Waite to rescue hostages. But the dramatic change came when he preached penitence and reconciliation at the service of thanksgiving after the Falklands war in 1982, instead of the triumphalism the press and politicians had looked for. From then on, all his considerable achievements were set against a background of a tabloid venom - aided and abetted, many believed, by a mafia of homosexual Anglo-Catholics and rightwing politicians. His survival was a triumph of intelligence, integrity and courage.

88. How Elijah Muhammad Won - Middle East Forum How Elijah Muhammad Won middle east Forum. Newly affluent, Muhammad lavishedluxuries on himself and the royal family, as it came to be known. http://www.meforum.org/article/pipes/341

Home About the Forum Middle East Quarterly MEF Campus Clubs ... Daniel Pipes' Website Daniel Pipes' Writings How Elijah Muhammad Won by Daniel Pipes Commentary June 2000 In the early 1930's, when the Nation of Islam had just come into existence, its founder made the bold prediction that, one day, Islam would replace Christianity as the primary faith of black Americans. At the time, this assertion must have sounded incredible, if not slightly mad; not only was the Islamic faith broadly despised in the United States, but African-Americans who were Muslim numbered at that time only in the dozens. By 1959, however, a perverse endorsement of this same prediction would issue from, of all people, a top leader of the Ku Klux Klan. In a letter to the New York City police commissioner, that white supremacist wrote: "If we fail to stop the Muslims now, the sixteen million niggers of America will soon be Muslims, and you will never be able to stop them." Today, that 1930's prediction no longer seems so outlandish-indeed, it has already been partially borne out. About one million African-Americans now identify themselves as Muslims, and a visit to the black sections of any fair-sized American town quickly confirms the presence not only of an Islamic infrastructure-mosques, schools, halal butchers, stores carrying Islamic clothing-but of an active and ambitious drive to propagate Islam. So vital is this movement that the director of a Christian effort to stem its headway has made a memorable prediction of his own: "If the conversion rate continues unchanged, Islam could become the dominant religion in black urban areas by the year 2020."

89. NATO/IMS Biography Of Vice-Admiral Sir Paul Haddacks, KCB - DIMS Vice Admiral Sir Paul Haddacks joined the Royal Navy in 1964 and after to be Senior Naval Officer middle east and commander of UK maritime forces during http://www.nato.int/ims/bios/haddacks-e.htm

Updated: 21-Jun-2004 Biographies Biography [Eng. /Fr.] Nov. 2001 Director, International Military Staff Vice-Admiral Sir Paul Haddacks, KCB Vice Admiral Sir Paul Haddacks joined the Royal Navy in 1964 and after graduating from Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, served as a junior officer in frigates and destroyers of the Far East Fleet. In 1971 he gained his first command, the fast patrol boat HMS SCIMITAR. This was followed by specialisation as a warfare officer and deep specialisation in Navigation. Vice Admiral Haddacks served as navigating officer in a variety of ships and staffs, including an appointment as an exchange instructor at the US Naval Academy. Promoted Commander in 1979, Vice Admiral Haddacks commanded successively the frigates HMS CLEOPATRA and HMS NAIAD before a tour in the personnel department of the Ministry of Defence (Navy). Promoted Captain in 1984, Vice Admiral Haddacks was Assistant Director of Navy Plans in the MOD before assuming command of the assault ship HMS INTREPID. This was followed by a further tour in the MOD as Deputy Director of Naval Warfare and an appointment on the staff of CinC Fleet in the historic role of Captain of the Fleet. During 1990 Vice Admiral Haddacks was sent to the Gulf Theatre in the rank of Commodore to be Senior Naval Officer Middle East and commander of UK maritime forces during Operation Desert Shield.

90. Marcia Crayford Biography At the age of fifteen, she made her solo debut at the Royal Festival Hall. Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, the middle east and the Far east. http://website.lineone.net/~matthew.brailsford/helen_crayford/hcmcbiog.htm

MARCIA CRAYFORD At the age of fourteen, Marcia Crayford won a scholarship to the Yehudi Menuhin School, where she studied with Yehudi Menuhin and Nadia Boulanger. At the age of fifteen, she made her solo debut at the Royal Festival Hall. Three years later, Yehudi Menuhin invited her to partner him in the Bach Double Concerto, with the London Philharmonic Orchestra under Sir Adrian Boult at the Royal Albert Hall. As a scholarship student at the Royal Academy of Music, she studied with Frederick Grinke and was coached by Sidney Griller of the Griller Quartet. During this time she gave a recital at the Berlin Festival, undertook several concerto tours, worked with Sandor Vegh, attended masterclasses in Siena with Franco Gulli, and played in the Menuhin Festival Orchestra. In 1988 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy, in recognition of her distinguished career. In 1970 she joined the world-renowned Nash Ensemble, of which she was to be the leader for 25 years. With the ensemble, she performed a vast repertoire from Mozart to the 'avant garde', including no fewer than 190 premieres, and made an impressive number of recordings (over 40). The Nash have played throughout Europe, Scandinavia, USA, South America, USSR, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, the Middle East and the Far East. At home in Britain, they have been regular visitors to all the major music festivals and music clubs, also appearing on television, radio, at BBC Proms, the South Bank, Barbican Centre and Wigmore Hall.

91. The Honourable Irwin Cotler Irwin Cotler is Member of Parliament for Mount Royal, where he was first elected and participant observer – in the search for peace in the middle east. http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/mag/

The Honourable Irwin Cotler BIOGRAPHY Irwin Cotler is Member of Parliament for Mount Royal, where he was first elected in a by-election in November 1999. On December 12, 2003, the Prime Minister appointed him Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada. Minister Cotler was re-appointed on July 20th following the General Election of June 28. Minister Cotler currently serves as a member of the following Cabinet committees: Aboriginal Affairs, Domestic Affairs; Canada-U.S.; and Security, Public Health and Emergencies. He has been a member of the House of Commons Standing Committees on Foreign Affairs and International Trade; Chair of the Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee on Human Rights and International Development; and a member of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights. A leading public advocate in and out of Parliament for the Human Rights Agenda, Minister Cotler recently headed the Canadian Delegation to the Stockholm International Forum on the Prevention of Genocide. He has served as Chair of the Parliamentarians for Global Action (Canada), and Member of its International Council; Co-Chair of the Parliamentary Human Rights Group, the first ever all-party joint House-Senate human rights caucus (2001-2003); Executive Member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union; Honorary Member of the Women's Caucus; and Special Advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs on the International Criminal Court, where

92. Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute - Fellows Biographies: Cameron Ross Biography on CDFAI fellow Cameron Ross In addition to his UN time in theMiddle east, in 1992 he spent almost a year in Angola, Africa as a UN http://www.cdfai.org/fellows/cameronross.htm

fellows :: biographies :: cameron ross About Us Board of Directors Advisory Council News Releases ... Programs Fellows introduction research papers biographies Links ... Contact CAMERON ROSS Major-General (ret’d) Cameron Ross is the Vice President for International Relations of Emergo Canada Ltd, a privately owned multinational investment company in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He retired from active military service in 2003. In 2004, besides his other business activities, h e was the Team Leader for a Strategic Security Review of law enforcement and counter-terrorism issues involving seven Eastern Caribbean countries. Currently, he is the Chairman of a team that is conducting a strategic review of the Royal Bahamas Defence Force. MGen Ross’ last military appointment was Director General International Security Policy in National Defence HQ in Ottawa. Responsible for managing Canada’s international security relations, he was also the Senior Canadian Military Advisor to the Canada-United States Permanent Joint Board on Defence (PJBD) from 2000 to 2003 which developed post 9-11 security strategies.

93. EPolitix.com - Crispin Blunt He was educated at Wellington College, and The Royal Military Academy Crispin Blunt became Chairman of the Conservative middle east Council in 2004 and http://www.epolitix.com/EN/MPWebsites/Crispin Blunt/A66FF0D6-B371-4D3D-9DFF-C79E

Westminster Scotland Wales Northern Ireland ... Local Search ePolitix.com for... Advanced Search Login Contact Terms ... Speeches Reigate Crispin Blunt Biography Biography Crispin Blunt was born in 1960, and is married to Victoria with two children, Claudia and Freddie. He was educated at Wellington College, and The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, where he won the Queen's Medal, gaining a Regular Commission, before reading Politics at the University of Durham between 1981 and 1984, where he was elected President of the Union Society in 1983 and graduated with a 2/1. In 1991 he gained an MBA at Cranfield University School of Management. In 1979 Crispin Blunt was commissioned as an Army Officer into the 13th/18th Royal Hussars (Queen Mary's Own) and served until 1990. During the 1980's he was stationed in Cyprus, Germany and the UK, serving as a Troop Leader, Regimental Operations Officer and Armoured Reconnaissance Squadron Commander, resigning his commission as a Captain in 1990. In 1992 Crispin Blunt contested his first Parliamentary seat in West Bromwich East for the Conservative Party. Between 1991-1992 Crispin was a self employed representative of Forum of Private Business, and a Political Consultant. In 1993 Crispin was appointed as Special Adviser to Malcolm Rifkind the Secretary of State for Defence, and worked in the same capacity when Malcolm Rifkind became Foreign Secretary between 1995 and 1997. In May 1997 Crispin Blunt was elected to Parliament as Member for Reigate in Surrey and was subsequently appointed to the

94. Biography Of John Curtin of Australian troops returning from the middle east with the Dutch east Lloyd Ross, John Curtin A Biography, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1977, p. http://john.curtin.edu.au/resources/biography/details.html

Search our site Search ERA Contact Us John Curtin ... Timeline of significant dates in the life of John Curtin Biography of John Curtin by Professor David Black, JCPML Historical Consultant John Curtin, the only Australian Prime Minister to represent a Western Australian seat in the House of Representatives, led his country during the most critical phase of World War II. However, like his United States (US) counterpart, Franklin Roosevelt, Curtin did not live to see the final victory. At 4 am on 5 July 1945, in The Lodge, the prime minister's residence in Canberra, he became only the second Australian Prime Minister to die in office, barely six weeks before the Japanese capitulation was announced on 15 August. JCPML. Records of the Government Photographic Service. Rt Hon John Curtin (1885-1945) Prime Minister 1941-1945. In the words of his most recent biographer, John Curtin 'continues to be regarded with admiration and affection across the political divide'. Many people would agree with the assessment of his immediate predecessor as Prime Minister, Arthur Fadden, that Curtin was 'one of the greatest Australians ever'.

95. Christopher Columbus Columbus’ idea of sailing west to get to the east was not original with Columbus’ decision to seek royal patronage in Portugal seemed like a good one. http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/columbus.html

(Reprint permission granted by Encarta Encyclopedia, 2000) Christopher Columbus by Thomas C. Tirado, Ph.D. Professor History Millersville University Background to the Age of Discovery: One cannot begin to understand Christopher Columbus without understanding the world into which he was born. The 15 th century was a dynamic century, a century of change. There were many historical events throughout Western Europe that impacted society profoundly. Directly affecting the future explorer much closer to home, however, were three momentous events in and around the Mediterranean: 1) the Conquest of Ceuta in North Africa by the Portuguese in 1415 2) the Fall of Constantinople to the Muslim Turks in 1453, and 3) the defeat of Muslim Granada by the Christian Spaniards in 1492. All three events were driven by the centuries-long conflict between the Christians and the Muslims. Ceuta: High on the pantheon of names of important figures of the Age of Discovery is Henry the Navigator's. He is considered by many historians to have provided not only the inspiration for the Age but much of the practical knowledge accumulated over decades of trial and error in developing ocean-going ships, sails, and navigational aids, some even borrowed from the Arabs. The Caravel, which came to be identified with this period of exploration, was a product of his assiduous search for a better ocean-going vessel. Henry contributed significantly to the psychology of discovery and helped to whet the appetite of those who were daring enough to venture out in search of riches.

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