81. BIO 4990 biome extensive region of similar vegetation and animal life (Arctic tundra, ecosystems biogeography – study of distributions of organisms, http://www.cfr.msstate.edu/courses/bio4990d/lec1.htm

Ecosystems in Mississippi (BIO4990) Lecture 1 Definitions ecosystem - interacting system of biotic and abiotic components in a particular area or place ecosystem classification based on major characteristic such as dominant plant type (terrestrial) or water body type (aquatic) class can be broad (grasslands, mountain system) or narrow (oak-hickory stand, catfish pond) in range generally, energy and nutrients cycle within an ecosystem, but can be exchanged between systems (migratory birds and fish; transitory species such as raccoons, large birds) biotic community - living portion of an ecosystem (biotic) biome - extensive region of similar vegetation and animal life (Arctic tundra, tropical rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, short grass prairie) biosphere - layer around the earth in which all living things are found Ecology - study of pattern of relations/interactions between organisms and their environment; this includes abiotic and biotic parts of their environment covers many disciplines - geology/geography, chemistry, botany, zoology, climatology can be studied at several scales - global, landscape, community, population, individual

82. POWERWEB: Ecology The State of the Nation’s ecosystems (Cambridge University Press, 2002) wasreleased by Introduction to biogeography and Ecology, Michael J. Pidwirny, http://www.dushkin.com/catalog/0072528761.mhtml?SECTION=TOC

83. AUTHORIZATION CHECK To enhance the knowledge of arctic and subarctic ecosystems under varying Pollenbased biomes for Beringia 18000, 6000 and 0 14C yr BP Journal of http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=get-document&issn=0012-9658&volume

84. PMIP 2 BIOME4 Equilibrium Biogeography-Biogeochemistry Model BIOME4 (Kaplan et al., 2003) is a coupled biogeography and BIOME4 and earliermembers of the BIOME model family have been used previously as diagnostic http://www-lsce.cea.fr/pmip2/synth/biome4.shtml

PMIP 2 Home Data synthesis Model description BIOME4 (Kaplan et al., 2003) is a coupled biogeography and biogeochemistry model which simulates the equilibrium distribution of 28 major potential natural vegetation types (biomes) from latitude (for the calculation of incoming short-wave and photosynthetically active solar radiation), atmospheric CO (Click on the figure to get a bigger version) Download Full size image (170 Kb) pdf file (534 Kb) Model code - gzipped tar file (3.47 Mb) If you wish to use BIOME4 in asynchronously-coupled mode to simulate vegetation changes and feedback, please cite Kaplan et al. (2003) as the source of the model. Technical queries about the BIOME4 (and other models in the BIOME family) should be addressed to Colin Prentice . Development of BIOME4 was spearheaded by Jed Kaplan and funded by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (NFR) and the Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry. References Braconnot, P., Joussaume, S., Marti, O., and de Noblet, N. (1999). Synergistic feedbacks from ocean and vegetation on the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation. Geophysical Research Letters 26(16), 2481-2484. Claussen, M. (1997). Modeling bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region. Climate Dynamics 13(4), 247-257.

85. BRIDGE - Bristol Research Initiative Of The Dynamic Global Environment BIOME4 Equilibrium biogeographyBiogeochemistry Model The climate and biomesof Europe at 6000 yr BP comparison of model simulations and pollen-based http://www.bridge.bris.ac.uk/pmip2/synth/biome4.htm

PMIP MOTIF BIOME4 Equilibrium Biogeography-Biogeochemistry Model Model description BIOME4 (Kaplan et al., 2003) is a coupled biogeography and biogeochemistry model which simulates the equilibrium distribution of 28 major potential natural vegetation types (biomes) from latitude (for the calculation of incoming short-wave and photosynthetically active solar radiation), atmospheric CO (Click on the figure to get a bigger version) Download Full size image (170 Kb) pdf file (534 Kb) Model code - gzipped tar file (3.46 Mb) The input data, CLIMATE 2.2 data set, provided by Wolfgang Cramer as part of the PAIN project. If you wish to use BIOME4 in asynchronously-coupled mode to simulate vegetation changes and feedback, please cite Kaplan et al. (2003) as the source of the model. Technical queries about the BIOME4 (and other models in the BIOME family) should be addressed to Colin Prentice . Development of BIOME4 was spearheaded by Jed Kaplan and funded by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (NFR) and the Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry. References Braconnot, P., Joussaume, S., Marti, O., and de Noblet, N. (1999). Synergistic feedbacks from ocean and vegetation on the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation. Geophysical Research Letters 26(16), 2481-2484.

86. Chapter 50 ecosystem ecology landscspe ecology seascape biosphere biogeography dispersalclimate biome tropics turnover microclimate photic zone aphotic zone http://www.d.umn.edu/~arachins/GB1/chapter50.htm

CHAPTER 50 AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY AND THE BIOSPERE Lecture Outline Ecology = the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment Fundamental questions: Distribution and abundance of the red kangaroo in Australia (aerial surveys) Environmental conditions non-living chemical and physical factors the living components Ecological fields ways individuals interact with the environment consists of all the organisms of all the species that inhabit a particular area. and how factors such as predation, competition, and disease affect community structure and organization. among the various abiotic and biotic components. consists of several different ecosystems linked by exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms the global ecosystem that includes all of the planets ecosystems Ecology provides the scientific context for evaluating environmental issues declines in non-target organisms movement CHAPTER 50 AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY AND THE BIOSPERE Lecture Outline Biogeography Test: species transplants - African honey bee introduced in 1956 (intentionally) - hybridized with European honey bees - extremely aggressive - drive out local bees - move North - introduced in ~ 1985 (accidentially) - with ballast water?

87. SAS Ecology Students will be able to describe ecosystem dynamics, including the following.energy flow through an ecosystem (eg food web and trophic levels), http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS Ecology/Link_Ecol.htm

Ecology Projects Primary Productivity Population Dynamics Biome Project Ecology Facts Nutrient Cycles Populations Communities Ecosystems Biomes Ecology Sites Biogeography Ecology Virtual Library Microbial Ecology. Digital Learning Center Kids Do Ecology Ecology. Need To Know Library Stream Biology Ecology. Encyclopedia Britannica Return SAS Home e-mail Kevin C. Hartzog SAS' Ecology Page Student Objectives Students will be able to describe population dynamics, including the following: models that describe the growth of populations (e.g. r- and k-selection). regulation of population size by abiotic factors (e.g. niche availability, pollution), regulation of population size by biotic factors (e.g. food availability, predation), Students will be able to describe community dynamics, including the following: Predator-prey interactions, parasitism commensalism symbiosis affects of abiotic factors that affect community size (e.g. habitat size)

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