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1. ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
UNIT 8 ECOLOGY STUDY GUIDE KEY TERMS ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY ecosystem biotic components abiotic components autotroph
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Fundamentals Of Biogeography And Ecosystems
Fundamentals of Biogeography and Ecosystems
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Environmental Sciences Department, UVA
contaminants, riparian, limnology, aquatic, terrestrial, biogeochemistry, biogeography, biodiversity, ecosystem, ecosystems, microbial
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Meadows (1985) Biogeography And Ecosystems Of South Africa
Biogeography and ecosystems of South Africa. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS Author Meadows, M.E. PUBLISHER Juta (Cape Town)
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. ECOSYSTEMS BIOGEOGRAPHY Lecture 6
ECOSYSTEMS BIOGEOGRAPHY. LECTURE 6 INTERACTING POPULATIONS. Aims
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. BookFinder.com Ecology And Biogeography Of Mediterranean Ecosystems
Ecology and Biogeography of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Chile, California, and Australia
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. IngentaConnect Understanding The Biogeography Of Chemosynthetic
Understanding the biogeography of chemosynthetic ecosystems Authors Tyler P.A.1; German C.R.; RamirezLlodra E.; Van Dover C.L.
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Ecology And Biogeography Of Mediterranean Ecosystems In Chile
Ecology and Biogeography of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Chile, California and Australia Boganmeldelse.com
http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Biogeography And Ecology
biogeography Study of the distribution or geography of organism and ecosystems . Vegetation Community Vegetation Structure ecosystems biomes
http://www.uwm.edu/Course/416-120/Chapter16/Biogeog2004.htm
Biogeography and Ecology: Chapter 16
A. Introduction
1. Ecology: Study of interrelationships among organisms and their abiotic environment
2. Biogeography: Study of the distribution or geography of organism and ecosystems.
3. Views of Biogeography
  • Taxonomic-Evolutionary-Historical Ecological-Ecosystems-Biomes View
B. Distribution of Organism
1. What is the Range of an Organism
a. What is the natural RANGE of Cactus?
Taxonomic-Evolutionary-Historical View
What is a Cactus?
Taxonomy: Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
Carl Linnaeus in 1750's and 60's
Phylogeny and Evolution
Charles Darwin
b. What is Range of a Species of Cactus?
Range of a Species: Giant Saguaro Cactus ( Carnegiea gigantea)
Limiting Factors for Range
Climate: Freezing Temperatures
Other Examples: Coastal Redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens) Interaction with other organism: Competitive exclusion
c. Range of a Genus
Prickly pear and Choia Cactus ( Oputia spp. ) 75 species Mexico to Canada
d. What is the natural RANGE of Cactus Family?
CACTACEAE the Cactus Family Includes 50 or more genera and up to 1000 species Range: North and South America ("New World")
2. Factors Affecting the Range of a Taxon

10. Ecosystems And Biomes
ecosystems and biomes. Chapter 16. Learning Concepts. §Ecology, biogeography,ecosystems, communities, habitats and niches. §Photosynthesis and respiration
http://www.louisville.edu/~caleut01/outline16.htm
Ecosystems and Biomes Chapter 16 Learning Concepts Ecology, biogeography, ecosystems, communities, habitats and niches Photosynthesis and respiration Ecosystem abiotic and biotic components Succession Ecosystem, biome, ecotone, formation classes 10 major terrestrial biomes Human impact on ecosystems and biomes Basic Concepts Ecosystem = self-regulating association of living plants and animals and their environment. Ecology = study of the relationships in an ecosystem. Biogeography = study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create and the processes that produce this distribution. I. Ecosystem Components and Cycles A. Communities B. Plants C. Abiotic Components D. Biotic Ecosystem Operations A. Communities Community interactions among plants and animals Identified by physical appearance Identified by number and diversity of species Interdependence Trophic structure Habitat = physical environment where a species resides Niche = function of the organism in its environment. B. Plants – the essential

11. Ecosystems
Nearctica Ecology - biogeography - biomes, Ecoregions, and Habitats - Estuariesand Salt Atlantic Ocean Report for ecosystems Goals 2000 Cluster A
http://www.geocities.com/mddavis53/Ecosystems.html
Biomes/Ecosystems
General Sites
E d u G r e e n World Book - Around the World Earth Day at Kids Domain U.S. EPA Explorers Club ... Saving Polluterville An Ocean Pollution WebQuest Webquest Ecosystems Webquest Ecosystem Lesson Plan Stone Age Habitats Helping Our World Webquest Life on earth Eco-Systems WebQuest Webquest Gr 5 Habitat WebQuest Gr 3 Wildlife Habitat Backyard Conservation Tip SheetNatural Resources Conservation Service North Americian Biomes Biome Resource Page Biomes ... CLIMATE WEBQUEST BY DIANA COX Gr 3-6 CyberZoo, Zoo, Biome, Education, Living SchoolBook, Animals, Climate Biomes Ecosystems Webquest Habitat Nature Photography The nature of greeting cards Great photo source Learn About Biomes! Mrs. H's Biome Links for Science Students The Virtual Zoo Habitats Waseca Learning Environment - Biome Curriculum ... ALCA Lesson Plans
Desert
Desert Animal Printouts Desert Biome Check Links Deserts of the World Webquest Gr 6-8 EcoQuest- Desert Edition Webquest Gr 6-8 Deserts DESERT#3 9th grade project report Desert 9th grade project report Desert 5 9th grade project report desert biome The Desert Biome Desert Web Quest City Life or Desert Life Webquest Gr 3-4 Desert Quest Webquest MS Desert Animal Printouts -EnchantedLearning.com

12. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - Tundra
Alpine ecosystems are mountain top versions of the tundra. General Tundra. An introduction to the tundra biome for kids and students.
http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/tundra.htm
Biomes - Tundra Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books about Tundra In the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere where the winters and extremely cold and long and even conifers cannot survive, the land is dominated by a mixed grassland, small shrub, and herbaceous plant ecosystem called the tundra. The most characteristic feature of the tundra is permafrost, a layer of permanently frozed subsoil. In the summer the ground thaws to a depth of a few centimeters and becomes wet and soggy. This freezing and thawing cycle crushes the roots of plants keeping them small and stunted. Alpine ecosystems are mountain top versions of the tundra.
General Tundra
Plants and Animals
Link Collections
Polar and Tundra Organizations and Societies ...
Alpine Ecosystems
TUNDRA The Arctic Ecosystem . Environment Canada. A wonderful web site on the arctic-tundra ecosystems of Canada. There is a map of the region divided into its various subdivisions with descriptions and maps of each smaller region. You'll also find articles on conservation and environmental protection in the Canadian Arctic, and links to other arctic resources on the web. Recommended.

13. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - General
biogeography General biomes. Click Here. Special Segments ecosystems.Save our Earth. Short introductions to the different biomes of the world.
http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biomes.htm
Biogeography - General Biomes Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books on Biomes Major Biomes of the World . Susan L. Woodward, Radford University. An excellent introduction to the biomes of the world, and particularly of North America. The site begins with a general introduction to the biome concept and also covers the Merriam life zones principle. Each of the major biomes in discussed in some detail and are well illustrated. Highly recommended. What's it Like Where You Live ? Evergreen Project. A great introduction to some of the more interesting biomes of the world including the rainforest, tundra, taiga, desert, grasslands, and temperatre forest. Each component of the site includes basic information on the biome as well pictures of the plants and animals that live there. Recommended. Life Zones and Altitudinal Zonation . Susan L. Woodward, Radford University. An excellent introduction to the concept of life zones. The site covers the Merriam and Holdridge classifications of life zones with examples from North America. It also has examples from Africa. Recommended.

14. Esm_christopherson_elementalgeo_4|Ecosystems And Biomes|Objectives
Define ecology, biogeography, and the ecosystem, community, habitat, and nicheconcepts. Define the concepts of terrestrial ecosystem, biome, ecotone,
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_christopherson_elementalgeo_4/0,7618,684273-,00.html
Home Ecosystems and Biomes Objectives Ecosystems and Biomes
Objectives
After reading Chapter 16 you should be able to:
  • Define ecology, biogeography, and the ecosystem, community, habitat, and niche concepts. Explain photosynthesis and respiration and derive net photosynthesis and the world pattern of net primary productivity. List the abiotic and biotic ecosystem components and relate those components to ecosystem operations and trophic relationships. Define succession and outline the stages of general ecological succession in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Define the concepts of terrestrial ecosystem, biome, ecotone, and formation classes. Describe 10 major terrestrial biomes and locate them on a world map. Relate human impacts, real and potential, to several of the biomes.

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15. AP Enivronmental Science Notes - Community Ecology (chap 8)
Chapter 6 biogeography and biomes. text web site main class page Gonzaga page biomes – major regional ecosystems. A. map of world biomes – fig.
http://www.gonzaga.org/teachers/jausema/web/apes/notes/apes_biomes_notes_chap6-7
AP Environmental Science
Chapter 6 - biogeography and biomes
text web site main class page Gonzaga page I. Climate basics C. water currents
El Nino

E. microclimates are created by land surface features
rain shadows

check out a North America biome map

1. fig. 7-2 shows distribution of ocean habitat zones
Links for biomes:

16. Test 1 Review:  Biogeography
ecosystems/Processes Definitions Biotic Structure of the Ecosystem SpecificTerrestrial biomes (know the characteristics of each ie location, climate,
http://bss.sfsu.edu/geog/bholzman/courses/316/316review1F02.htm
Geography 316: Biogeography Fall 2002
Exam 1 Review
Review the following terms and concepts for the exam. Concentrate on lecture notes, assignments, quizzes. Rely on the text for clarification or further detail, remember the reserved readings). Physical Geography Terms and Concepts:
Earth as a Sphere
earth size/ shape
meridians/parallels
latitude/longitude
earth's rotation
effects of rotation
axial tilt
perihelion/aphelion
solstice and equinoxes Rotation and Revolution and their effects on the planet's biosphere
Declination of the sun ( know how to calculate it given a location and date) Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn Biodiversity What does it mean? terms Species, population, community, ecosystem naming things (taxonomy) Gradients in Biodiversity Primary productivity , structure and composition what types of plants would you expect at the various stages of succession Characteristics of each seral stage Taxonomic Classes (Kingdom. Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) Morphological and Biological species concepts Ecosystems/Processes Definitions Biotic Structure of the Ecosystem Laws of Thermodynamics Food Chains/Trophic Levels Ecosystems, Food chains

17. Final Review
Geography 316 biogeography Fall 2002. Final Exam Review Review the followingterms and concepts for the biomes and ecosystems biomes what are they
http://bss.sfsu.edu/geog/bholzman/courses/316/finalrevF02.htm
GEOGRAPHY 316: BIOGEOGRAPHY
B. Holzman, PhD
Geography 316: Biogeography Fall Final Exam Review
Review the following terms and concepts for the exam. Concentrate on lecture notes, reserved readings and rely on the text where needed (use the text for clarification or further detail). Physical Geography Terms and Concepts:
Earth as a Sphere
what is the earth size/ shape
what are latitude/longitude
perihelion/aphelion
solstice and equinoxes
Declination of the sun (know how to calculate it given a location and date)
where are the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn Rotation and Revolution and their effects on the planet's biosphere Declination of the sun (know how to calculate it given a location and date) Biodiversity : Biodiversity (define) Taxonomic Classes (Kingdom. Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) Morphological and Biological species concept Define Succession (primary and secondary) what types of plants would you expect at the various stages of succession Biomes and Ecosystems: Biomes what are they know the characteristics of each i.e. location, climate, soil, flora and fauna, as well as human impacts

18. Biomes Of North America Lecture Notes - Part 7: Tropics
biogeography from Nearctica ecosystems, biomes, and Habitats History of NorthAmerican Vegetation Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) - Tertiary by Alan Graham
http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/biome/lec35g.html
Images (c) by James L. Reveal, Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland, unless otherwise credited.
Biomes of North America Lecture Notes
Part 7: Tropics
Low montane rain forest edge, Cerro Pierre, Panama (above)
Montane rain forest, Panama (below, right)
XV. Tropics
    A. Location: Central America, Caribbean islands, equatorial South America and western Africa, southeastern Asia from India to Malaysia, northern Australia, and many Pacific Islands. Forests cover about seven percent of the earth's surface, half of that is tropical. Restricted to southern Florida in the continental United States.
    B. Features:
      1. Vast number of densely spaced trees and enormous diversity of species, sites and sounds
      2. General lack of seasonality.
      Precipitation
      about 80-160 in (200-400 cm) or more in North America
      4. Mean average temperature is 70-80° F (22-27° C) for most of the region.
      5. Frost and freezing temperates restricted to tropical mountains.
      6. High humidity, narrow temperature fluctuation, uniform day-length; growing season up to 365 days a year.
      7. Soils are geologically old and therefore generally poor in

19. The Environmental Literacy Council - Desert Ecosystems
The single factor that distinguishes desert ecosystems from other biomes is the this explanation of desert scrub biomes for her biogeography class.
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/178.html
Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food
Desert Ecosystems
The single factor that distinguishes desert ecosystems from other biomes is the minimal amount of rainfall received annually (no more than 10 inches). While most deserts are very hot during the day and cool at night, desert biomes are also found in arctic, icy regions. The severity and range of temperatures depend on the location- altitude and latitude- of the desert. Deserts currently cover over one third of the Earth's land surface. In some areas, such as the Sahel Desert , the desert has expanded due to overgrazing and deforestation in a process known as desertification Unlike most other biomes, one desert may look very different from the next, depending on its location. The differences are usually accounted for in moisture, temperature, soil drainage, topography, alkalinity, and dominant plant species. There are a few deserts around that world that are too dry to support plant life; deserts support a variety of plants that are well adapted for dry conditions. To conserve water, most desert plants have reduced leaves or no leaves at all. Many of these reduced leaves have further modified into spines or sharp needles which act as a deterrent to herbivores. Others plants shed their leaves for most of the year to prevent water loss, and grow them only during brief moist periods. Most plants have a very shallow root system, as well as deep tap roots (up to 100 feet) to access rainfall and groundwater. Plants found in the North American desert that exhibit these adaptations include cacti, yucca, Joshua trees, and sagebrush.

20. Biogeography
visually prominent living elements of most ecosystems, in this moduleon biogeography we will Then we will examine biomes, largescale ecosystems,
http://humanities.cqu.edu.au/geography/GEOG11023/Biogeography.htm
Welcome Home Course Profile Geology ... Week 12 Module 5: Biogeography On this page: module objectives module introduction emphasis on vegetation 'Desert' country near Alice Springs, N.T. Most of inland Australia is arid or semi-arid. Yet in most areas substantial vegetation growth occurs, even in arid regions. Here a considerable variety of grasses, annual and perennial herbs, smaller and larger shrubs, and small trees demonstrate how many Australian species have been very successful in adapting to both highly infertile soils and to dry (but variable) climates. Module objectives When you have completed your study for this module you should be able to:
  • describe some of the basic concepts that explain how ecosystems work
  • describe the principal biomes that occur globally, and explain how climatic controls affect the characteristics of each
  • describe some of the distinctive features of Australia's flora describe some features of Australia's fauna
Module introduction Figure 1: Eastern Gray Kangaroo (Eungella National Park): dawn and dusk are the best times for seeing animals such as these (which are not rainforest species, living instead in cleared areas nearby)

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