81. Max Planck Society - Astronomy/Astrophysics We are living in a golden age of astronomy and astrophysics an age To investigate the big bang itself, as well as the evolution of the cosmos, http://www.mpg.de/english/researchFields/CPT/AST/Astronomy_Astrophysics/

HOME Contact Newsroom Links Site Map FAQs Deutsch document.write('Search '); Quickfinder Events Calendar Help guests scientists Institutes Job Opportunities Junior Research Group MaxPlanckResearch President Presidential Commiss. Research Schools About the Society Institutes, Projects, and Facilities Research Fields Research Results ... Description Astronomy/Astrophysics Astronomy/Astrophysics Black holes, gravitational lenses, the Big Bang, dark matter, bubbles in spacetime: a science-fiction author couldn't have coined more redolent terms. They aren't from the realms of fantasy, however, but from the jargon that is the very stuff of science. Behind them lie discoveries that are changing our conception of the universe. They demonstrate that the cosmos is a much more diverse and extravagant place than previous generations might have dreamt of. We are living in a 'golden age' of astronomy and astrophysics - an age characterized by the unique and novel interplay of theoretical ideas, precision observation and technological potential. New challenges await scientists as a result. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics incorporate planetology, stellar astronomy, galactic and extra-galactic astronomy as well as cosmology. Scientists – behind their desks, in front of computers and at their telescopes – are striving to comprehend the differing states of matter as well as the physical processes within our solar system, the Milky Way and across the entire universe. The direction and long-term development of astronomy and astrophysics research is governed by a set of all-inclusive yet fundamental questions.

82. Imagine The Universe! Dictionary A-D The Advanced Xray Astrophysics Facility. AXAF was renamed Chandra X-ray big bang A theory of cosmology in which the expansion of the universe is http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/dict_ad.html

What's New Site Map NASA Homepage Search: ... Feedback Imagine the Universe! Dictionary Please allow the whole page to load before you start searching for an entry. Otherwise, errors will occur. A B C D ... Z (Note - Greek letters are written out by name - alpha, beta etc.) A accretion Accumulation of dust and gas onto larger bodies such as stars, planets and moons. accretion disk A relatively flat sheet of gas and dust surrounding a newborn star, a black hole, or any massive object growing in size by attracting material. active galactic nuclei (AGN) A class of galaxies which spew massive amounts of energy from their centers, far more than ordinary galaxies. Many astronomers believe supermassive black holes may lie at the center of these galaxies and power their explosive energy output. Tell me about AGN! Tell me more about AGN! angstrom A unit of length equal to 0.00000001 centimeters. This may also be written as 1 x 10 cm (see scientific notation angular momentum A quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of an orbiting body by its velocity and the radius of its orbit. According to the conservation laws of physics, the angular momentum of any orbiting body must remain constant at all points in the orbit, i.e., it cannot be created or destroyed. If the orbit is elliptical the radius will vary. Since the mass is constant, the velocity changes. Thus planets in elliptical orbits travel faster at perihelion and more slowly at aphelion . A spinning body also possesses spin angular momentum.

83. David N. Schramm, 1945-1997 theoretical astrophysics and perhaps the leading authority on the bigbang model of the He did important work across the discipline of astrophysics, http://www.aas.org/head/schramm/schramm.obit.html

December 22, 1997 Contact: Steve Koppes s-koppes@uchicago.edu David N. Schramm, 1945-1997 Schramm was a world leader in theoretical astrophysics and perhaps the leading authority on the Big-Bang model of the formation of the universe. He did important work across the discipline of astrophysics, and he is more responsible than any other individual for the recent merging of the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics and astrophysics in the study of the early universe. His most fundamental contribution may have been his calculation of the number of families of elementary particles in the universe. At a time when two families of particles were known, and when most physicists assumed that many more families of particles would be found, Schramm and his colleagues boldly predicted that physicists would probably find only one more family. In the book Origins: The Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists But later, in 1989, his prediction was confirmed by experiments at particle accelerators in Stanford and Geneva, marking the first time that astronomy had been used to make a fundamental discovery in physics, rather than the very common reverse. From Quarks to the Cosmos: Tools of Discovery , which tried to explain to the general public how the outer space of the cosmos and the inner space of quarks are connected.

84. PH 105 (Duke Astrophysics) Course Links links for the Duke Astrophysics course. table of contents take a trip back to the big bang on the NCSA cosmology page; Cambridge cosmology page black http://www.phy.duke.edu/~kolena/dukeastro.html

links for the Duke Astrophysics course table of contents properties of stars planets around other stars the search for extraterrestrial intelligence black holes ... gravitational effects on time and space (including black holes) galactic evolution cosmology inflation Big Bang ... gamma-ray bursters properties of stars the 25 brightest stars the 30 closest stars from The Observer's Handbook the surface of Betelgeuse the first image of the surface of a star other than the sun Hipparchos catalogue: query form Tycho catalogue: query form Blackbody Radiation (virtual reality) Doppler Effect Applet Binary Star Applet the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence The Astrobiology Web the SETI Institute now at Greenbank SERENDIP at UC-Berkeley META/BETA at Harvard black holes black hole reference articles black hole FAQ frequently asked questions NCSA Relativity group Kings University Calgary, Alberta PASP Morehead Planetarium timeline black hole candidates (in binary systems) V404 Cygni the best case the 2nd best case GS 2000+25 the 3rd best candidate for a stellar black hole Cygnus X-1 the first candidate black hole candidates (at centers of clusters or galaxies) Hubble finds a bare black hole pouring out light massive black holes dwell in most galaxies according to '97 Hubble census a giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4261 and an unexpected new mystery... the black hole is not at the center!

85. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results Nucleosynthesis One of the fundamental problems of astrophysics is the problem of Lecture on Observational Cosmology Chapter The Hot big bang Section http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue.pl?term1=nucleosynthe

86. Review Of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis And Primordial Abundances David Tytler, Centre for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, big bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is the synthesis of the light nuclei, http://www.physica.org/xml/article.asp?article=t085a00012.xml

87. NDCfA: Seminars AstroSeminars at the Notre Dame Center for Astrophysics Brian Fields, U. Ill., big bang Nucleosynthesis in Light of the Cosmic Microwave Background http://www.nd.edu/~astro/seminars.htm

Astro-Seminars at the Notre Dame Center for Astrophysics Astrophysics seminars are held weekly during the school year and occasionally during the summer. Currently our seminars will be held at 12:30pm on Tuesdays. They usually meet in Room 182, 184, or 117 of Nieuwland Science Hall. Occasionally they are held elsewhere or at different times. The seminars are informal: questions are encouraged during the talk, people will be eating lunches, etc. The talks are scheduled for a one-hour period plus an additional "5 minute or so" question and answer session after the speaker's conclusion. The audience size flutuates from as few as 5 to as many as 30 depending on the time of year and the talk's subject matter. Fall 2004 Seminars Dec 07 (Tues), Rm 182, Erika Gibb, Univ. of Notre Dame, "Follow the Methane: ISM to Planet Formation" Nov 17 (Wed), Rm 284, Matthew Lister, Purdue Univ., "Parsec-Scale Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei" Nov 02 (Tues), Rm 182, Ulrich Geppert, Potsdam, "Non-linear magnetic field decay in pulsars - observational and theoretical evidence" Oct 26 (Tues), Rm 182, Timothy Beers, Michigan State Univ., "Mining the Milky Way Galaxy with SDSS"

88. BBC - Blue Sky - The Big Bang in the Cavendish Astrophysics Group in Cambridge for the last 10 years, of the cosmic microwave background (CMB the `afterglow of the big bang). http://www.open2.net/bluesky/bang.htm

Dr Michael Hobson reveals how Crimewatch led his research in a new direction "Have you ever wondered how astronomers produce those wonderful pictures that appear in the papers or on television from time to time? They certainly look very impressive, but in many cases it has taken a lot of work to turn the signal received by the telescope into a clear image of a star cluster or distant galaxy. The basic images produced by telescopes often bear only a passing resemblance to the final pictures presented in the media or scientific journals. These `raw data' (as they are called) usually suffer from `blurring' and `noise' caused by the inevitable imperfections inherent in any measurement process. Therefore, an important part of modern astronomy is to develop ways of processing the raw data to remove these unwanted artefacts, and produce a clear picture, worthy of a slot on the Ten O'Clock News As an astronomer working in the Cavendish Astrophysics Group in Cambridge for the last 10 years, I have been very closely involved in developing a wide variety of `image reconstruction' techniques. These are basically mathematical algorithms that run on a (usually very large) computer. The program reads in the blurred, noisy data and attempts to reconstruct the actual image the telescope observed (which we generally call `the truth').

89. Physics Today December 2001 The basic theory of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) was worked out in the late Their triumphs and other results are signaling a new era in astrophysics http://www.physicstoday.com/pt/vol-54/iss-12/p10.html

Back to Table of Contents Also This Month: Letters US Terrorist Vulnerability Exposed Years Ago Defense Work Is Physicists' Tradition Greenhouse Gases Warm Things Up Folding ... Correction Two Theorists Never in Doubt Michael S. Turner Cosmologists are often in error, but never in doubt. Lev Landau Michael S. Turner One of Lev Landau's most colorful quotes is about cosmology. It is often applied to astrophysics as well. Because of the historic paucity of quality data in both fields, there used to be more than a little truth in the quote. The other day, a colleague said to me, "It must be great to work in a field where you don't need to worry about your theories being ruled out by data." I told him I'm not a string theorist (just kidding). With the tremendous growth in the quantity and quality of data, astrophysics and cosmology are undergoing a sea change. And being a theorist is becoming more dangerous. But there are also opportunities for great success. I devote my inaugural column to celebrating two recent triumphs. While there are many notable examples of persistence in physics and astrophysics, I have singled out two longstanding theoretical predictions in astrophysics. First, because I am a theorist and I want to dispel the belief that the term "persistent theorist" is an oxymoron. Second, because both triumphs illustrate deep connections between astrophysics and particle physics, an especially important theme in physics today. In future columns, I will return to the connections between quarks and the cosmos.

90. Most Distant X-ray Jet Yet Discovered Provides Clues To Big Bang Most distant xray jet yet discovered provides clues to big bang. November 19, 2003 Astrophysics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei http://www.brightsurf.com/news/nov_03/MSFC_news_111903.php

Brightsurf Science News Brightsurf via RSS Search Brightsurf News News Article Archive ... Definitions Search BrightSurf.com Most distant x-ray jet yet discovered provides clues to big bang November 19, 2003 The most distant jet ever observed was discovered in an image of a quasar made by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Extending more than 100,000 light-years from the supermassive black hole powering the quasar, the jet of high-energy particles provides astronomers with information about the intensity of the cosmic microwave background radiation 12 billion years ago. The discovery of this jet was a surprise to the astronomers, according to team members. Astronomers had previously known the distant quasar GB1508+5714 to be a powerful X-ray source, but there had been no indication in previous images of any complex structure or a jet. "This jet is especially significant because it allows us to probe the cosmic background radiation 1.4 billion years after the big bang," said Aneta Siemiginowska of the Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., lead author of a report on this research in the November 20 Astrophysical Journal Letters. Prior to this discovery, the most distant confirmed X-ray jet corresponded to a time about 3 billion years after the big bang. Quasars are thought to be galaxies that harbor an active central supermassive black hole fueled by infalling gas and stars. This accretion process is often observed to be accompanied by the generation of powerful high-energy jets.

91. National Park Service: Astronomy And Astrophysics (Horn Antenna) Others believed in the big bang theory of creation which taught that the universe is Dicke and his colleagues reasoned that the big bang must have http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4k.htm

Cover Page MENU Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Summary ... Glossary Astronomy and Astrophysics Horn Antenna Horn Antenna, circa 1960. (Photo Credit: Bell Labs) Name: Horn Antenna (Horn Reflector Antenna) Location: Holmdel, New Jersey Classification: Private, building, structure Period: Areas of Significance: National Register: science, NHL: science, Subtheme: physical science, Facet: astronomy Builder: Mr. A. B. Crawford DESCRIPTION The Horn Antenna at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, was constructed in 1959 to support Project Echothe National Aeronautics and Space Administration's passive communications satellite project. [ The antenna is 50 feet in length with a radiating aperture of 20 x 20 feet and is made of aluminum. The antenna's elevation wheel is 30 feet in diameter and supports the weight of the structure by means of rollers mounted on a base frame. All axial or thrust loads are taken by a large ball bearing at the apex end of the horn. The horn continues through this bearing into the equipment cab. The ability to locate receiver equipment at the apex of the horn, thus eliminating the noise contribution of a connecting line, is an important feature of the antenna. A radiometer for measuring the intensity of radiant energy is found in the equipment cab. The triangular base frame of the antenna is made from structural steel. It rotates on wheels about a center pintle ball bearing on a track 30 feet in diameter. The track consists of stress-relieved, planed steel plates which are individually adjusted to produce a track flat to about 1/64 inch. The faces of the wheels are cone-shaped to minimize sliding friction. A tangential force of 100 pounds is sufficient to start the antenna in motion.

92. Googlism When Is The Big Bang googlism for the big bang. the big bang is a sensitive indicator of the big bang is a fundamental principle in astrophysics the big bang is a good http://www.googlism.com/when_is/t/the_big_bang/

Googlism.com will find out what Google.com thinks of you, your friends or anything! Search for your name here or for a good laugh check out some of the popular Googlisms below. "ONE OF MY FAVORITES [google apps] is Googlism" - David Coursey - zdnet.com Who What Where When Who is What is Where is When is the big bang the big bang is bang on the big bang is not a valid cosmological concept the big bang is coming the big bang is changing japan" the big bang is a theory that sounds impressive on the surface the big bang is strongly dependent on the mass of the universe the big bang is not a black hole the big bang is the best the big bang is the abundance of the light elements the big bang is no help to theists the big bang is wrong please read and give opinions the big bang is engagingly written and spiced with more than 140 thought the big bang is well thought out and coherently argued the big bang is extrapolating between knowledge of particle physics today the big bang is as meaningless as asking what's north of the north pole the big bang is actually not a "theory" at all

93. Bibliography, Christian Y. Cardall GM Fuller and CY Cardall, The Deuteron Confronts big bang Nucleosynthesis Parallel Session on big bang Nucleosynthesis, Texas Symposium on Astrophysics, http://www.ess.sunysb.edu/ccardall/bib.html

CHRISTIAN Y. CARDALL Bibliography Citation Statistics Click here to open a new window to Lerche's page from which citation statistics based on the SPIRES HEP database can be compiled. Enter the text CARDALL,C and click on the SUBMIT button. Citations According to Web of Science Click here to open a new window and establish a session on Web of Science (available only to subscribing institutions). On the Web of Science page click on the FULL SEARCH button. Click on the CITED REF SEARCH button. Enter the text CARDALL CY (or, for other citations with typos, CARDALL C, CARDALL Y, CARDALL GM, or CARDELL CY) in the CITED AUTHOR box. Click on the LOOKUP button. Research Articles and Conference Proceedings C. Y. Cardall and G. M. Fuller, Can a "natural" three-generation neutrino mixing scheme satisfy everything? (Published Version: Phys. Rev. D PDF PS ) (ArXiv.org Preprint: astro-ph/9602104 ) (Page Images: published version ) (Citations: SPIRES C. Y. Cardall and G. M. Fuller, Limits on Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing and the Primordial Deuterium Abundance (Published Version: Phys. Rev. D

94. Astrophysics Group - West Astrophysics Group West, AstrophysicsGroupWest@groups.msn.com THE big bang. John G. Cramer, Professor of Physics at the University of Washington has http://groups.msn.com/AstrophysicsGroupWest/thesoundofthebigbang.msnw

var nEditorialCatId = 297; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(' Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Astrophysics Group - West AstrophysicsGroupWest@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now HOME PAGE Become A Member of Our Site ... Tools The Sound of THE BIG BANG John G. Cramer, Professor of Physics at the University of Washington has researched and recorded what he believes is a very good approximation of the sound of The Big Bang that is alleged to have started everything. You can now go to his special web site that is involved with this experiment and download the sound for yourself. It is in the typical "wav" format and should reproduce quite well on most computer systems. The site is as follows: http://faculty.washington.edu/jcramer/BBSound.html In my opinion, you will find his explanation even more interesting than the actual sound itself. In any case, it's just one more facet in our continuing efforts to experience the universe as best we can and in every way we can. - T.D.N.

95. Astrophysics Group - West Astrophysics Group West, astrophysicsgroupwest@groups.msn.com THE big bang. John G. Cramer, Professor of Physics at the University of Washington has http://groups.msn.com/astrophysicsgroupwest/thesoundofthebigbang.msnw

var nEditorialCatId = 297; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(' Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Astrophysics Group - West astrophysicsgroupwest@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now HOME PAGE Become A Member of Our Site ... Tools The Sound of THE BIG BANG John G. Cramer, Professor of Physics at the University of Washington has researched and recorded what he believes is a very good approximation of the sound of The Big Bang that is alleged to have started everything. You can now go to his special web site that is involved with this experiment and download the sound for yourself. It is in the typical "wav" format and should reproduce quite well on most computer systems. The site is as follows: http://faculty.washington.edu/jcramer/BBSound.html In my opinion, you will find his explanation even more interesting than the actual sound itself. In any case, it's just one more facet in our continuing efforts to experience the universe as best we can and in every way we can. - T.D.N.

96. SPACE.com -- Big Bang Theory Warmed By Ancient Heat Discovery The idea of a big bang is supported by Edwin Hubble s discovery, of the Inter University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Pune, India, http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/space_heat_001220.html

advertisement Early Images From XMM-Newton Telescope on 1st Birthday Black Holes More Powerful Than Expected, And Still Growing Planetarium Test Bed: Astrophysicists and Models at the Hayden Probe Could Solve Question of Expanding Universe Big Bang Theory Warmed by Ancient Heat Discovery By Robert Roy Britt Senior Science Writer posted: 02:01 pm ET 20 December 2000 A new study of some extremely old light indicates the universe was much warmer several billion years ago, supporting the idea of the Big Bang and other major theories of modern cosmology. If the colossal fireball known as the Big Bang really marked the birth of our universe, as most astronomers believe, then things would have been very hot back in the early days, when unfathomable amounts of energy had not yet expanded to the vast reaches now observed. The idea of a Big Bang is supported by Edwin Hubble's discovery, in the 1920s, that the universe is expanding other galaxies are all moving away from our own Milky Way , and those most distant are moving the fastest. And in 1964, astronomers found a pervasive background of radiation in nearby portions of the universe. This cosmic background radiation, as it is called, is thought to be a glow left over from the Big Bang. An Expanding Balloon To imagine an expanding universe, think of a balloon with spots on itssurface. As the balloon is inflated, the spots grow farther apart. If you stoodwithin one of these spots, you'd see all the others moving away from you, and the most distant spots would move appear to move the fastest.

97. The Big Bang At the instant of the big bang, how could the whole universe be squeezed into a Department of Astrophysics at the University of Chicago in recent email. http://www.wonderquest.com/BigBang.htm

WONDER QUEST with April Holladay , A Weekly Column * February 7, 2001* Albuquerque The Big Bang Q: Can you give a succinct explanation of the Big Bang Theory? Specifically, how is it possible that all of the atoms of all of the matter in the Universe were squeezed together into a tiny point, which then exploded? A: That's one good question. Before we get into an answer, though, let's clear up a common misconception. The Universe did not start from a single point. "The Big Bang was an explosion of space (with matter carried along), not stuff exploding from a point into space," says Dr. Michael S. Turner, Chair of the Department of Astrophysics at the University of Chicago in recent email. According to Einstein's general relativity theory, the Big Bang event was the creation of matter, energy, space, and time. So, Einstein's theory says there is no such thing as "before" the Big Bang. The Big Bang created space and time itself. You ask, how could all the matter in the Universe be squeezed together into such a patch and then explode? Your question addresses the instant of the Big Bang: Time Zero. Our present theory doesn't cover that early a time: only right after the Big Bang instant.

98. ARCADE - Absolute Radiometer For Cosmology, Astrophysics, Diffuse The Hot big bang Model. coming soon. Responsible NASA Official Alan Kogut/Code 685 Goddard Space Flight Center - Greenbelt MD 20771 http://arcade.gsfc.nasa.gov/arcade/hot_big_bang.html

99. Kavli Institute For Particle Astrophysics And Cosmology KIPAC, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Webcams. Kavli Building Physics Astrophysics http://www-group.slac.stanford.edu/kipac/

Skip to main content. Search KIPAC WEB SLAC WEB PEOPLE SLAC Detailed Index KIPAC: About People Admin Resources Research ... Contact For KIPAC: Visitors Local Travel SLAC Home ... Stanford Physics Welcome to KIPAC Open Positions: Research Associates: Experimental and Theoretical Research Associates Assistant Professor: Theorist Staff: Antineutrinos found from the center of the earth Current Newsletter SLAC Today KIPAC Coffee ... ACKS Webcams: Kavli Building kipac@slac.stanford.edu Last update:

100. Swinburne University Centre For Astrophysics And Supercomputing http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/?/royal_society/nzst_article/universe.htm

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