41. Chris Flynn Tuorla Observatory Teaching Astrophysics II From the big bang to Stars and Galaxies Properties of Galaxies Star Formation Properties of Stars Examples of Compton scattering in astrophysics http://www.astro.utu.fi/~cflynn/astroII/teaching.astroII.html

Chris Flynn : Tuorla Observatory Home Contact Research ... GalDyn Astro II Students Links FFYS4346 Astrophysics II Spring Term 2005 Week 1: General Introduction From the Big Bang to Stars and Galaxies Properties of Galaxies Star Formation Properties of Stars and ... a quick guide to GNUPLOT Lecture 1 in html pdf Black body radiation The electromagnetic spectrum Space based astronomy Black body radiation Lecture 2 in html pdf gzipped ps Week 2 : Bremsstrahlung radiation Radiation from accelerated charges in electric fields Bremsstrahlung radiation Bremsstrahlung cooling Case study, NGC 1275 in the Perseus cluster Lecture 3 in html pdf gzipped ps Synchrotron radiation Radiation from accelerated charges in magnetic fields Synchrotron beaming and the synchrotron spectrum Synchrotron cooling Case study : the Crab nebula Lecture 4 in html pdf gzipped ps Week 3 : Hearts of darkness This week's lectures were about an X-ray source, GRO J1655-40, discovered by NASA's Gamma Ray Observatory, which we followed up in detail and turns out to be a good low-mass black hole candidate.

42. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia When it originated some 400000 years after the big bang this time period is Cosmic BlackBody Radiation, Astrophysics Journal 142 (1965), 414. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation

Cosmic microwave background radiation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Physical cosmology Age of the universe Big Bang Comoving distance Cosmic microwave background Dark energy Dark matter FLRW metric Friedmann equations ... Ultimate fate of the universe Related topics Astrophysics General relativity Particle physics Quantum gravity ... edit In cosmology , the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in that radiates throughout the universe in the microwave range. Contents Features CMB and the Big Bang Detection, prediction and discovery Experiments ... edit Features The principal feature of the CMB is how closely it matches a black body spectrum . Although the temperature of the CMB varies from point to point (i.e. it contains small anisotropies), the spectrum in a particular direction almost exactly resembles a black body . The CMB radiation frequency ranges from 0.3 GHz to 630 GHz, and peaks at 160.4 GHz, corresponding to a temperature of 2.725 kelvins There are however very small yet significant variations ( anisotropies ) from the black body spectrum. The most pronounced is the dipole anisotropy (180 degree scales) which is at a level of about 10

43. ANU - STUDYAT - UNDERGRADUATE - AOI ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS We are living in the golden age of astronomy and astrophysics never before in In every field, from the theories of the big bang and Black Holes to http://info.anu.edu.au/StudyAt/010PP_Undergraduate/_AOI_Astronomy_and_Astrophysi

Skip Navigation ANU Home Search ANU Student Admin ... International Study@ANU 2006 Quick Search Study@ANU 2006 Advanced Search Home Undergraduate All you need to know Honours Graduate Research ... Student Administration Shortcuts Fees and Charges Admissions via the Uni Quick Links Accommodation Study Abroad and Exchange Student and Academic Services Publications ... Going To Uni (DEST) Calendar September 2005 S M T W T F S - weekend - teach period begins - teach period ends 19 September 2005 20:12 AEST Study@ANU 2006 Undergraduate Astronomy and Astrophysics We are living in the golden age of astronomy and astrophysics: never before in human history has the pace of discovery been so fast. In every field, from the theories of the Big Bang and Black Holes to observations with the Hubble Telescope and robots on Mars, progress is dramatic and accelerating. The ANU is Australia’s leading university for research in astronomy, with dozens of world renowned researchers based either on campus or at ANU's Mount Stromlo Observatory, situated 17 km from campus in beautiful bushland. The undergraduate astronomy and astrophysics program is taught jointly by researchers from Mt Stromlo Observatory and from the Departments of Mathematics and Physics. Students have the opportunity to learn about the latest discoveries directly from leading researchers in the field, and to take part in cutting edge research projects.

44. ANU - MAC - MEDIA - MEDIA RELEASES - 2005 - JANUARY - 120105REDSHIFT This CMB is heat radiation left over from the big bang. Dr Bruce Peterson, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National http://info.anu.edu.au/mac/Media/Media_Releases/_2005/_January/_120105redshift.a

Skip Navigation ANU Home Search ANU Home About MAC Advertising Alumni Art Collection ... Publications Shortcuts ANU Reporter Corporate Style Guide National Graduate On Campus Quick Links Policies, Procedures ANU Billboard National Institutes Staff Pages Wednesday January Galaxy patterns reveal missing link to Big Bang Australian astronomers from the Anglo-Australian Observatory, The Australian National University and the University of New South Wales, together with their UK colleagues, today announced that they have found the 'missing link' that directly relates modern galaxies like our own Milky Way to the Hot Big Bang that created our Universe 14 thousand million years ago. This is the result of a 10-year effort to map the 3D distribution in space of 220,000 galaxies using the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) in New South Wales – a project called the 2-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). This survey was almost ten times larger than any previous such study. It measured in detail patterns in the distribution of galaxies, on scales from 100 million to 1 billion light-years. Subtle features in these patterns were set by physical processes that operated when the universe was very young, and reveal the 'missing link' between present-day galaxies and the Big Bang.

45. Singapore Science Centre ScienceNet Astronomy Space Science What state is the universe in before the big bang? If the universe started as a big bang, what actually existed before the big bang? http://www.science.edu.sg/ssc/detailed.jsp?artid=4557&type=6&root=6&parent=6&cat

46. History 181B - Class 43 Class 43 (5/7/03) Astrophysics and cosmology. Navigation big bang cosmology and the Standard Model Dark matter, dark energy http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Carson/spring03/181B/class43.html

History 181B: Modern Physics Class 43 (5/7/03) Astrophysics and cosmology Navigation Home Schedule Next Class > Outline Early general relativistic cosmology (1920s-30s) Space-time structures: Scales small and large What astronomers make of general relativity Hubble's redshifts and the expanding universe Regular physicists join in (1930s-40s) Stellar energy generation and nucleosynthesis A primordial explosion? Postwar expansion (1950s-60s) Prelude: Steady state vs. big bang New channels of data: X-rays, radio The cosmic microwave background (And what has happened to it since the 60s) Joining with QFT and particle physics (1960s on) The renaissance of general relativity Big bang cosmology and the Standard Model Dark matter, dark energy Names and terms Primary Secondary Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Hans Bethe (1906- ) George Gamow (1904-1968) big bang blackbody spectrum flat universe inflation neutron star black hole hydrogen burning CNO cycle Alpher-Bethe-Gamow quasars, pulsars CP violation supernovae Assignment George Gamow, "Galaxies in Flight," in

47. Untitled1.html The hot big bang model is the currently accepted description of the universe s Check out arguably the finest Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology http://aether.lbl.gov/www/science/bigbang.html

PHYSICS 24 LECTURE NOTES Topic: The Big Bang Model January 23, 1997 LECTURER: Professor Bernard Sadoulet STUDENT WEB PAGE AUTHORS: Dean Chen and Chris Mayor SUMMARY The hot Big Bang model is the currently accepted description of the universe's origins. This theory hypothesizes that the universe as we know it was born in an explosion of tremendous proportions. The three main observations supporting the big bang model are the Hubble expansion, the cosmic microwave background, and the relative primordial abundances of light elements (Helium 3 and 4, Deuterium, Lithium) Following are brief explanations of these observations and how they support the notion of the grand explosion called the Big Bang. 1) The Hubble Expansion: A familiar law to astronomers is that the apparent brightness of an object decreases with increasing distance (as the inverse square of the distance). The farther away an object is, the darker is it. This relation, along with more sophisticated techniques described in the second lecture " Expansion of the Universe"

48. Smoot Astrophysics Research Program First the COBE DMR results showed that the big bang model was on firm footing. Inflation is a model of the big bang in which at a very early time the http://aether.lbl.gov/www/COBEimp.html

Implications of the COBE DMR Map of the Early Universe What COBE DMR saw: The COBE DMR ( Co smic B ackground E xplorer D ifferential M icrowave R The COBE DMR maps reveal the Universe when it was roughly 300, 000 years old (past the beginning of the Big Bang and time as we understand it). This seems to be quite old by human standards until we compare it to the current age of the Universe of about 14 billion (14 x 10^9) years today. Put in human terms, if the Universe were a middle-aged person today, then the epoch revealed by the COBE DMR maps corresponds to an image of an embryo at 10 hours age. Thus we have an image of the Universe at an extremely early epoch in its development. What this meant! Public and Media Interest The COBE DMR discovery had an immediate public and scientific impact. The public and media interest was overwhelming. The COBE DMR results were carried on the front page of most newspapers throughout the world. Media interviews and public discussion continued for months. Magazines carried in depth stories and a number of scientific TV shows featured the results. The implications of an image of the very early Universe were well appreciated by the media and the public. NASA was properly proud of its first satellite dedicated to cosmology. This interest, support and pride made it possible for next generation experiments to obtain public, institutional, and to some extent scientific support - though the science implications and future potential would eventually provide the continuing scientific support.

49. The Big Bang Happened Here Welcome to the public homepage for the cosmology textbook The big bang Happened Dr. Coble is a National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics http://astro.uchicago.edu/~coble/bbhh_public/

The Big Bang Happened Here: An Introduction to Modern Cosmology by Kim Coble, Todd L. Duncan and Craig Tyler Welcome to the public homepage for the cosmology textbook The Big Bang Happened Here About the Book Look Inside: Download Samples From the Book Author Bios Related Material About the Book: The Big Bang Happened Here is an introductory cosmology textbook intended for non-scientists. It is suitable for independent reading and study, or as a text for an introductory course in cosmology for students who are not specializing in physics or astronomy. The book is intended as a guide to the key insights of modern scientific cosmology and features excercises that help the reader connect with concepts in cosmology in a personal, non-abstract manner. We released our third draft on August 1, 2004. We released the second draft on April 5, 2004. The first print draft was sent to Kinkos on August 14, 2003. If you'd like to review the book (electronically or in hardcopy), please email Kim Coble at coble@hyde.uchicago.edu. It is still a work in progress and we'd like your feedback. Look Inside: Download Samples From the Book Download the Cover (PDF) Download the Annotated Table of Contents (PDF) Author Bios: Kim Coble, Ph.D.

50. Nebular Astrophysics They reveal much about the nature of the big bang, the density of baryonic matter, Nebular astrophysics is an integral part of today s astronomy. http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/groups/cie/xwl/home.html

Contents About me Publications Refereed Others Meetings PN Catalogs ESO-Strassburg Symbiotics Symbiotics Photometry ELCAT ... RR Tel Refs H and He H I He I He II Resonance Lines Readme Line List Finding list Finding list (Eex>300/cm) Line Lists DAS Optical DAS UV P. van Hoof Origin of elements and cosmic chemical evolution The existence and distribution of the chemical elements and their isotopes is a consequence of nuclear processes that have taken place firstly in the past in the Big Bang and subsequently in stars and in the interstellar medium (ISM), where they are still ongoing. They reveal much about the nature of the Big Bang, the density of baryonic matter, nucleosynthesis and the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies ( Figure 1 : Cosmic abundances elemental abundances of the solar system). The majority of objects in the Universe are made mainly of hydrogen and helium, which contribute by mass of respectively 70 and 28 per cent of all baryonic matter in the Universe. Hydrogen and helium (as well as the very rare lithium) were manufactured during the first three minutes of the Big Bang approximately 15 billion years ago which starts the current observable universe. The remaining 2 per cent are heavy elements (all elements except H, He are loosely called `metals' by astronomers and thus `heavy') are later synthesized by generations of stars which glow by burning hydrogen and helium at the centre. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are the most abundant heavy elements. Oxygen is created by supernovae (mainly massive stars), while carbon is created by low-mass stars (red giants, planetary nebulae) and nitrogen is a mixture of the above two sources (

51. Astrophysics And Cosmology Researchers in Cosmology and particle astrophysics seek to understand the big bang Nucleosythesis is a formula that is very nearly complete so it is http://webusers.physics.umn.edu/~cosmos/astrophysics.html

52. 206b Introduction To Astrophysics II NA 6. the Hot big bang model (chapter 20) the cosmic microwave background (CMB) nuclosynthesis in the big bang inflation (and some particle physics) http://www.haverford.edu/physics-astro/course_materials/astr206b/206b.htm

Astronomy 206b Syllabus and Description Introduction 206 is a new course; for that reason, this syllabus is still a work in progress. I can say that we will cover galaxies and cosmology first, then turn to planets. We will use your 205a textbook, the new edition of Marc Kutner's Astronomy: A Physical Perspective. We will supplement this with useful review articles from magazines and journals. Brief Description Introduction to the study of the properties of galaxies and their nuclei; cosmology; the Hot Big Bang model; the properties and evolution of the solar system; planetary surfaces and atmospheres; and exo-planets. Prerequisites : Astro 205a, Math 114b or equivalent. List of Topics to be Covered galaxies as systems of stars (parallels chapter 17 of Kutner) optical properties rotation curves, Dark Matter active galaxies and non-optical emission (chapter 19 of Kutner) non-optical emission AGN unified model clusters of galaxies (chapter 18) Dark Matter again intergalactic matter (IGM) large-scale structure (chapter 18) cosmology as a unique science (chapters 18 and 19) the cosmological principle expansion: H and t the role of matter the cosmological equation solutions; asymptotic behavior

53. Lectures On Cosmos-Physics Astrophysics Atom From The Big Bang Atom From the big bang to the Origin of Life. by Krause. With humor and insight, Dr. Lawrence Krauss follows the trajectory of a single oxygen atom’s http://www.skeptic.com/prods/pdetail/5100.html

54. INVITED TALKS - Carl R. Brune Nuclear Astrophysics From the big bang to the RProcess Florida State University, big bang Nucleosynthesis Precision Nuclear Astrophysics ? http://edwards1.phy.ohiou.edu/~brune/talks.html

INVITED TALKS - Carl R. Brune Studies in Low Energy Nuclear Science Stewardship Science Academic Alliances (SSAA) Program Symposium , Las Vegas, Nevada, August 2005. Investigations of Excited States in Ne and Si Relevant to Nucleosynthesis in Novae Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, January 2005. Nuclear Astrophysics Using Neutron Time-of-Flight Techniques 18th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry , Forth Worth, TX, October 2004. Transformation of R-matrix parameters to physical parameters Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics R-matrix School , Notre Dame, IN, October 2004. Nucleosynthesis and Energy Generation in Novae Ohio University, October 2004. The R-matrix model: application to the C(alpha,gamma) O reaction Advances and Challenges in Nuclear Astrophysics (ECT* Workshop), Trento, Italy, May 2004. Studies in Low Energy Nuclear Science Stewardship Science Academic Alliances (SSAA) Program Symposium , Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 2004. Nuclear Astrophysics invited lecture series presented at the Lake Louise Winter Institute , Alberta, Canada, February 2004.

55. Nature Physics Portal - Please Log In Astronomy The big bang is bang on JOHN BAHCALL Did the Universe really start in a hot big bang? New measurements of the temperature of the Universe when it http://www.nature.com/physics/archive/01_astro_2000.html

please log in To access the nature physics portal, you must first log in with a personal account. To open a free account , associate your e-mail address and obtain a password, please click here to register . This will give you access to all the Nature Publishing Group web sites, including the physics portal. To find out more about the physics portal, please click here E-mail: Password: I have forgotten my password... If you have already registered with any of the Nature Publishing Group's full text websites, you do not need to register again. Simply log in above to reach the physics portal signup page.

56. Big Bang Model The big bang theory, or more precisely described as the big bang model, which is a model of physics and astronomy (more specifically, astrophysics). http://www.geocities.com/darrickdean/bigbangmodel.html

What is this “Big Bang” Anyway? “The best data we have [on the big bang] is exactly what I would have predicted had I nothing to go on but the Bible as a whole.” – Arno Penzias, Nobel Prize winning co-discoverer of background radiation The big bang theory, or more precisely described as the big bang model, is one of the most often misunderstood theories of science, especially by certain creationists and skeptics. This is the result of not studying the model itself, replacing the science with personal beliefs and not testing what others claim. First, a definition. The big bang “creation event” did not sound a “bang,” it was a sudden expansion of space that carried matter and energy with it, beginning from what is called a singularity. A singularity has an infinitesimally small volume, whose “shape” may have been similar to a dimensionless point or plate (which “shape” is still not fully understood). A black hole is a type of point singularity we know to exist. No space, time, matter or energy existed before the big bang event. Some young-earth creationists (who believe the universe is 10,000 years old or less) try to discredit the big bang or claim it is invalid. They do so because the big bang supports an ancient universe, which contradicts their interpretation of Genesis. Because of the big bang’s support of an ancient universe, these creationists claim this model supports naturalistic biological evolution. On the contrary, as we will shortly see, neither the big bang nor ancient universe supports the theories resulting from naturalism.

57. Iowa State University Astronomy And Astrophysics Courses Cosmology, the big bang and the future of the universe. dark matter, big bang Cosmology. Astro 510. Observational Astrophysics. (23) Cr. 3. http://www.iastate.edu/~catalog/2003-05/courses/astro.html

Graduate Courses Astronomy and Astrophysics (Astro) Courses Primarily for Undergraduate Students Astro 120. The Sky and the Solar System. (3-0) Cr. 3. F.S.SS. For the nonscientist. The sky: constellations; motions of the sun, moon, and planets; seasons and the calendar; eclipses. The solar system: origin and evolution; characteristics of the sun, planets, satellites, comets, meteorites, and asteroids. Extensive use of the planetarium is included. Astro 125L. The Sky and the Solar System Laboratory. (0-2) Cr. 1. F.S. Prereq: Concurrent or previous enrollment in Astro 120. Laboratory course to accompany Astro 120. Students carry out practical exercises involving naked eye and telescopic observing to explore and reinforce ideas covered in Astro 120. Activities based on a sky-simulation computer program and other computer-based exercises are also included. Astro 150. Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology.

58. Astronomy Cosmology, the big bang and the future of the universe. dark matter, big bang Cosmology. Astro 510. Observational Astrophysics (23) Cr. 3. http://www.iastate.edu/~catalog/2001-03/courses/astro.html

Graduate Courses Schedule of Classes Astronomy and Astrophysics (Astro) Courses Primarily for Undergraduate Students Astro 120. The Sky and the Solar System (3-0) Cr. 3. F.S.SS. For the nonscientist. The sky: constellations; motions of the sun, moon, and planets; seasons and the calendar; eclipses. The solar system: origin and evolution; characteristics of the sun, planets, satellites, comets, meteorites, and asteroids. Extensive use of the planetarium is included. Astro 125L. The Sky and the Solar System Laboratory (0-2) Cr. 1. F.S. Prereq: Concurrent or previous enrollment in Astro 120. Laboratory course to accompany Astro 120. Students carry out practical exercises involving naked eye and telescopic observing to explore and reinforce ideas covered in Astro 120. Activities based on a sky-simulation computer program and other computer-based exercises are also included. Astro 150. Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology (3-0) Cr. 3. F.S. For the nonscientist. Observational aspects of stellar astronomy: motions, distances, sizes, spectra; types of stars; variability; binary systems. Stellar evolution: the birth, life, and death of stars, including supernovae, neutron stars, and black holes. The Milky Way Galaxy: clouds of matter in space, the structure and evolution of our galaxy. Other galaxies, clusters of galaxies, quasars. Theories of the origin of the universe. Astro 250. Astronomy Bizzare

59. ETHZ Institute Of Astronomy: Courses In Cosmology And Astrophysics We offer several Wahlfach courses in extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology in The course is aimed at giving students an understanding of big bang http://www.exp-astro.phys.ethz.ch/courses.html

I N S T I T U T E O F A S T R O N O M Y H O E N G G E R B E R G C A M P U S COSMOS zCOSMOS PARTNERS IN MUSE Home ... How to contact us ETH ETH Physics ETH Search ETH Homepage Observational Cosmology Group Courses in Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics We offer several "Wahlfach" courses in extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology in 2005-2006 GALAXIES: ASTROPHYSICAL CONCEPTS (Wintersemester 2005-2006) Prof. Dr. Marcella Carollo Mi 13.00-15.00, Place:TBD This course is aimed at physics and other science students who would like to understand the astrophysics background to the question of galaxy formation. The basic physical processes that govern the stars and gas in galaxies will be discussed. The course will particularly focus on the physics of nearby galaxies, the properties of distant galaxies in the early universe (a billion years after the Big Bang), the formation of galaxies from an initial very homogeneous and isotropic matter distribution after the Big Bang, and on the dark matter content of galaxies and the supermassive black holes that they host. The course will be in English.

60. FRS: From The Big Bang To DNA The course will begin with a description of the big bang, introductory cosmology, and an understanding of how matter was created. We will discuss the immune http://trc.ucdavis.edu/trc/freshSem/sp04/gershwin.html

From the Big Bang to DNA Instructor: M. Eric Gershwin, Department of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine Description: Format: This will be an audience-participated seminar series in which students will present, followed by a discussion by Dr. Gershwin. The first class will be a lecture by Dr. Gershwin entitled "Astrobiology: The Way We Were and the Way We Are Today." Thereafter, students will be assigned individual topics and will meet individually with Dr. Gershwin to obtain selected reading lists. There will be no formal text but there will be required reading. The course will meet for two hours per week in the late afternoon or early evening. Students will have an additional 2-3 hours per week of reading. Grading: Students will receive a grade based on class participation (1/3). Each student will also be graded on their oral presentation (1/3). Finally, there will either be a written final essay of no longer than 3,000 words, or a class debate in which the class will be divided into two groups to "argue" in favor of or against a hypothesis (1/3). About the Instructor:

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