81. Bhutan Country Guide - Overview - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Overview of visa and passport requirements, vacation advice, international travel, flights and hotels, history, and government. http://www.wtg-online.com/data/btn/btn.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/IndianSubcontinent/Bhutan/Overview'; document.write('Research Bhutan hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Bhutan Bhutan Overview Bhutan, located in the eastern Himalayas, borders China to the north and India to the south, east and west. The altitude varies from 300m (1000ft) in the narrow lowland region to 7000m (22,000ft) in the Himalayan plateau in the north. The foothills are tropical and home to deer, lion, leopards and the rare golden monkey. The Inner Himalaya region is temperate; wildlife includes bear, boar and sambar and the area is rich in deciduous forests. Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan, lies at a height of over 2400m (8000ft) in a fertile valley. It resembles a large, widely dispersed village rather than a capital. The yearly religious Thimphu Festival is held in the courtyard directly in front of the National Assembly Hall. A visit to the Paro Valley and the Taktsang (Tiger’s Nest) Monastery clinging to the face of a 900m (2952ft) precipice is highly recommended. Restaurants are scarce and most tourists eat vegetarian food served buffet-style in their hotels. Cheese is a popular ingredient, the most popular being datse (cow’s milk cheese). Rice is ubiquitous and is sometimes flavoured with saffron. The most popular drink is souza (Bhutanese tea).

82. About Bhutan, History Of Bhutan, People Of Bhutan, Religion Of Bhutan Treks In Nepal provides information about bhutan, history of bhutan, people of bhutan, religion of bhutan. http://www.treksinnepal.com/bhutan/information_about_bhutan/history_people_relig

www.treksinnepal.com Home About Us Company Policy ... Feedback Select The Destination Nepal Tibet Bhutan India " about bhutan, bhutan tour, history of bhutan, people of bhutan, religion of bhutan, trekking in bhutan, trekking in bhutan" Nepal Tour Trekking Peak Climbing Suggested Trips Tibet Suggested Trips Mount Kailash Visa Information Bhutan Suggested Trips Places To See Visa Information India Suggested Trips Visa Information What Our Clients Say? Steve Allan January 13, 2002 "Â The team from Beyond the Limits struck the right balance between the personal freedom you need and the professional service you desire. Our guides were our sunshine on a rainy day. More Testimonials About Bhutan History Till well into the 17th Century, Bhutan was split up into small independent principalities. After the arrival of Buddhism, during the seventh century, the various Buddhist schools began sharing the power in the country with the old aristocratic families. The cleric Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel united the independent principalities into one state. After his death the theocracy disintegrated and the provincial lords fought to gain control over the central power. Only the establishment of the monarchy in 1907 brought peace again. Today the fourth King of Bhutan is leading his country into modern times

83. Brief History Of Bhutan Bhutannewsonline.com The origin of bhutan and its earlier history is unknown. Guru Padma Sambhava, an Indian saint made his legendary trip from Tibet to bhutan at the end of http://www.bhutannewsonline.com/history.html

84. History Of Bhutan Provides a history of bhutan from 2000 BC to the present time. http://www.historyofnations.net/asia/bhutan.html

History of Bhutan Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy Bhutan's early history is steeped in mythology and remains obscure. It may have been inhabited as early as 2000 B.C., but not much was known until the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 9th century A.D. when turmoil in Tibet forced many monks to flee to Bhutan. In the 12th century A.D., the Drukpa Kagyupa school was established and remains the dominant form of Buddhism in Bhutan today. The country's political history is intimately tied to its religious history and the relations among the various monastic schools and monasteries. The consolidation of Bhutan occurred in 1616 when Ngawana Namgyal, a lama from Tibet, defeated three Tibetan invasions, subjugated rival religious schools, codified an intricate and comprehensive system of law, and established himself as ruler (shabdrung) over a system of ecclesiastical and civil administrators. After his death, infighting and civil war eroded the power of the shabdrung for the next 200 years when in 1885, Ugyen Wangchuck was able to consolidate power and cultivated closer ties with the British in India. In 1972, the present king, Jigme Singye Wanchuck, ascended the throne at age 16. He has emphasized modern education, decentralization of governance, the development of hydroelectricity and tourism and improvements in rural developments. The current king has established an overarching development philosophy of "Gross National Happiness." It recognizes that there are many dimensions to development and that economic goals alone are not sufficient.

85. Lonely Planet's Guide To Bhutan Lonely Planet s online guide to bhutan. Buddhist Kingdoms of the Himalayas by Barbara Crossette is an excellent account of bhutan s history and culture. http://webcenter.travel.netscape.com/travel/lonely_planet/asia/bhutan/read.html

Home: Travel: Destination Guides Bhutan From Lonely Planet Lonely Planet guide to Bhutan and the world Order Now Get a Free Lonely Planet Travel Journal with a purchase over UK£25/ US$40/ A$65 of products in the LP Shop. Recommended Reading So Close to Heaven, The Vanishing Buddhist Kingdoms of the Himalayas by Barbara Crossette is an excellent account of Bhutan's history and culture. The author is a New York Times correspondent who has spent considerable time in Bhutan and other Himalayan regions. Published in 1995, the book discusses some of the current development and political problems facing Bhutan. Dreams of the Peaceful Dragon is a traveller's account of a walk across Bhutan in the 1970s, before the road between Bumthang and Mongar was completed. It gives a good picture of trekking in Bhutan. Joanna Lumley in the Kingdom of the Thunder Dragon is by Joanna Lumley, the co-star of the BBC program Absolutely Fabulous . Her grandfather was a political officer in Sikkim; the book is based on a TV program that traced his trek through the country in the 1930s. The Raven Crown by the late Michael Aris is the definitive history of Bhutan's monarchy. Aris, who lived in Bhutan from 1967 to 1972, is the leading western authority on Bhutan's history. The book is lavishly illustrated with rare photographs of the early days of Bhutan that help show what a unique civilisation existed in the early 20th century.

86. Bhutan - Facts About Bhutan Including Map And Flag Images bhutan history,Geography and Economic information no written constitution or bill of rights; note - bhutan uses 1953 Royal decree for the Constitution http://www.world-atlas.net/Bhutan

Maps,Flags,History,Geography,Economics World-Atlas [http://www.world-atlas.net] Country List: A B C D ... Bhutan Bhutan - History,Geography and Economic information Bhutan Introduction Bhutan Background: In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 85,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. Maoist Assamese separatists from India, who have established themselves in the southeast portion of Bhutan, have drawn Indian cross-border incursions. Geography Bhutan Location: Southern Asia, between China and India

87. The King Of Bhutan Is Guided By India By Richard S. Ehrlich THIMPU bhutan s known history began in the seventh century when Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo built two monasteries in bhutan. bhutan s past was always with the http://www.geocities.com/glossograph/bhutan83kingwangchuckupi.html

88. Explore Bhutan >>> Yangphel Travel To review bhutan s history is to appreciate the continuing importance of the country s heritage and the ongoing interplay between the past and the present. http://www.yangphel.com/learn/history/default.html

Explore The History of Bhutan Learn Why Yangphel? Find a Trek or Tour Customize a Trip ... Modernization An Historical Overview of Bhutan Bhutan Overview Voices of Bhutan Festivals History ... Photo Gallery

89. Bhutan Travel Nothing beats the experience and knowledge of Insiders bhutan when it comes people who have not only extensive knowledge of bhutan s history, culture, http://www.insidersbhutan.com/Pages/Others/why_us.html

Knowledge and Experience Nothing beats the experience and knowledge of Insiders' Bhutan when it comes to organizing and operating one-of-a-kind, extraordinary private trips in Bhutan. Insiders' Bhutan is a travel company officially recognized and licensed by the Royal Government of Bhutan. It is owned and operated by a group of well educated Bhutanese people who have not only extensive knowledge of Bhutan's history, culture, religion and environment but also have in-the-field experience of planning, organizing and operating uncommon trips. Insiders' Bhutan is one of the fastest growing professional tour operators in Bhutan. You will have the confidence and peace of mind of an efficiently planned trip. Uncommon Journeys We specialize in uncommon journeys that go beyond the basic sightseeing tours. We never forget that you have to travel half way around the world to visit Bhutan, and we strive to do everything we can to offer you the most enriching travel experience possible. After you travel with us, you'll feel like you've seen Bhutan through the eyes of a native and will leave you with a deep respect for our unique culture and rich environment. Our tours feature activities that give you a much closer look and feel of our country and our people. Quality without Compromise All our itineraries are carefully designed. We have hiked all the trails, visited every corner of Bhutan, and scouted out the gems. You will

90. Country Study Bhutan Social Studies bhutan A good overview of bhutan , history, government, statistics and more. Country Profile bhutan A general overview including history, http://www.archaeolink.com/bhutan_people_history_society.htm

Bhutan People History Culture Home Afghanistan Social Studies Albania Social Studies Algeria Social Studies ... Vietnam Social Studies You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations Bhutan Tourism Please Note: If you sometimes get an error message when clicking on a large text link, don't give up. Try the URL link instead. There are times when the large text link doesn't "take" for some reason, thus the built-in redundancy. Thank you. Go to Bhutan Capital City Thimphu City Profile Bhutan An excellent tool for anthropological and historical research. "Handbook Series sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army between 1986 and 1998. Each study offers a comprehensive description and analysis of the country or region's historical setting, geography, society, economy, political system, and foreign policy." - From Library of Congress - http://countrystudies.us/bhutan/

91. ÿþ Html Head Title WHKMLA Timelines History Of ÿþ html head title WHKMLA Timelines history of bhutan / title META name = keywords keyword = ! http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/india/tlbhutan.html

WHKMLA : Timelines : History of Bhutan History of Bhutan Index Page First posted on February 2nd 2005, last revised on February 27th 2005 <!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js">

92. Lonely Planet Guru Rinpoche is the most important figure in bhutan s history, regarded as the second Buddha. His miraculous powers included the ability to subdue demons http://www.expedia.co.uk/lonelyplanet/Bhutan/historyandculture.aspx

Expedia.co.uk Skip Navigation HOME DEALS ... CORPORATE TRAVEL Welcome - Already a member? Sign in Site Map My Trips My Profile ... Customer Support Bhutan Back to World Guide index Culture History Pre 20c Archaeological evidence suggests Bhutan was possibly inhabited as early as 2000 BC. Buddhism was probably introduced in the 2nd century although traditionally its introduction is credited to the first visit of Guru Rinpoche in the 8th century. Guru Rinpoche is the most important figure in Bhutan's history, regarded as the second Buddha. His miraculous powers included the ability to subdue demons and evil spirits, and he preserved his teachings and wisdom by concealing them in the form of terma (hidden treasures) to be found later by enlightened treasure discoverers known as tertons. One of the best known of these tertons was Pema Lingpa; the texts and artefacts he found, the religious dances he composed, and the art he produced, are vital parts of Bhutan's living heritage. Before the 16th century, numerous clans and noble families ruled in different valleys throughout Bhutan, quarelling among themselves and with Tibet. This changed in 1616 with the arrival of Ngawang Namgyal, a monk of the Drukpa Kagyu school of Buddhism from Tibet. He taught throughout the region and soon established himself as the religious ruler of Bhutan with the title Shabdrung Rinpoche. He repelled attacks from rival lamas and Tibetan forces and transformed the southern valleys into a unified country called Druk Yul (Land of the Dragon). While the political system he established lasted until the beginning of the 20th century, the announcement of the Shabdrung's death in 1705 was followed by 200 years of internal conflict and political infighting.

93. Travel Information On Bhutan: Jachung Travel history. Not much is known about bhutan s past prior to the 8th century, because historical documents have been destroyed in various fires and earthquakes. http://www.jachungtravel.com/history.html

History of Bhutan HOME ABOUT US PLAN YOUR TRIP ITINERARIES ... CONTACT US History Not much is known about Bhutan's past prior to the 8th century, because historical documents have been destroyed in various fires and earthquakes. It was in the 8th century that Guru Rinpoche (the second Buddha) arrived in Bhutan from Tibet. He is the father of Nyingma Buddhism, which is currently practiced in Eastern Bhutan, and he is credited with bringing Buddhism to Bhutan. There is some disagreement on the origin of the name "Bhutan," but many people believe it is derived from the Sanskrit term "Bhotanta," which means "the end of the land of the Bhots." "Bhots" is the Sanskrit term for "Tibetans." The Bhutanese themselves refer to their country as "Druk Yul""the land of the Peaceful Dragon"and to themselves as "Drukpa." They refer to their religion as "Drukpa Kagyupa," which is currently practiced in Western Bhutan. "Druk" means "dragon." The name was given to a Tibetan monastery by a Tibetan lama (Tsangpa Gyare) after he heard the thunder dragons in the sky when he was searching for a place to build his monastery. The Drukpa Kagyu lineage of Buddhism is named after that monastery and the term was brought to Bhutan by the Drukpa lamas who left the Tibetan monastery and settled in Western Bhutan in the 11th and 12th centuries. Until the beginning of the 16th century, Bhutan was a fragmented country with many local chiefs controlling their own areas. In 1616, a lama by the name of Ngawang Namgyal, a descendent of Tsangpa Gyare, came to Bhutan from Tibet, after being instructed to do so by the deity Mahakala. As he wandered Western Bhutan, teaching Buddhism, he became more politically powerful, and eventually became the religious and political ruler of Bhutan, bearing the title "Shabdrung Rinpoche."

94. Bhutan: Map, History And Much More From Answers.com (Click to enlarge) bhutan (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) Bhu·tan ( butan , -tän ) An isolated country of central Asia in the eastern Himalaya. http://www.answers.com/topic/bhutan

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Government ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Map Local Time Dialing Code Currency Stats WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Bhutan Dictionary (Click to enlarge) Bhutan (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) Bhu·tan bà «-tăn , -t¤n An isolated country of central Asia in the eastern Himalaya Mountains. Long under the influence of Great Britain and India, the kingdom became fully independent in the 1980s. Thimphu is the capital and the largest city. Population: 2,180,000 . Encyclopedia Bhutan bà «t¤n ) , officially Kingdom of Bhutan, kingdom (1995 est. pop. 1,781,000), 18,147 sq mi (47,000 sq km), in the E Himalayas, southern Asia. It is bordered on the west, south, and east by India and on the north by the Tibet region of China. Punakha is the traditional capital; Thimphu is the official capital and largest city. Land and People Great mountain ranges, rising in the N to Kula Kangri (24,784 ft/7,554 m), Bhutan's tallest peak, run north and south, dividing the country into forested valleys with some pastureland. The perpetually snow-covered Great Himalayas are uninhabited, except for some Buddhist monks in scattered monasteries. Bhutan is drained by several rivers rising in the Himalayas and flowing into India. Thunderstorms and torrential rains are common; rainfall averages from 200 to 250 in. (508–635 cm) on the southern plains. The valleys, especially the Paro, are intensively cultivated.

95. World History Archives: History Of Bhutan World history Archives history of bhutan. history of bhutan. Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World history http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/52/index-d.html

History of Bhutan Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. South Asia in general General and political history Human Rights Defender, Refugee from Bhutan Wins First Ginetta Sagan Fund Award Press release from Amnesty International. 8 May, 1997. Mangala Sharma created Bhutanese Refugees Aiding Victims of Violence (BRAVVE). In exile, she helps women abused and traumatized by civil strife. Bhutan: Fear of torture/ill-treatment From Amnesty International. 28 July, 1997. Two religious teachers suspected to be members of the Druk National Congress (DNC), a political organization set up in exile in Nepal. Bhutan: Fear of torture/ill-treatment From Amnesty International. 12 August, 1997. As many as 50 may have been arrested because of likely crackdown on suspected members in the Druk National Congress (DNC), a political organization set up in exile in Nepal, or support Rongthong Kunley Dorji, the founder of the DNC, who is currently detained in India.

96. UNB/Bhutan Project - Brief History brief history. Canadians are wellrespected in bhutan because most of the senior bhutanese administrators were taught by Canadians. http://www.unbf.ca/education/bhutanproject/brief_history.htm

Bhutan Project funded by brief history Canadians are well-respected in Bhutan because most of the senior Bhutanese administrators were taught by Canadians. More than thirty years ago, a Canadian Jesuit by the name of William Mackey went to Bhutan at the request of the Royal Government to establish a secular secondary school system. Father Mackey continued his work in the education sector in Bhutan until his death in 1995 at the age of eighty. He was publicly honoured on a number of occasions by the government of Bhutan for his many years of service to the country, and in 1994 UNB awarded him an honorary degree in recognition of this service. Father Mackey and his colleagues set the stage for the long and friendly relationship that has developed between Bhutan and Canada. In 1985, the World University Service of Canada (WUSC) opened an office in Bhutan after an agreement was signed with the Royal Government. Under this agreement, more than 40 Canadian teachers worked in Bhutanese schools and 20 Bhutanese teachers came to Canada for further studies at UNB. A list of Bhutanese who studied at UNB and were funded by WUSC or other agencies follows: Name Degree Designation Posting Mingbo Dupka M.Ed.

97. The History Of Bhutan The history of bhutan. Till well into the 17th Century, bhutan was split up into small independent principalities. After the arrival of Buddhism, http://timphu.bhutan.at:81/~bhutan/altdye00/c-viex/j/start.php3

The history of Bhutan Till well into the 17th Century, Bhutan was split up into small independent principalities. After the arrival of Buddhism, during the seventh century, the various Buddhist schools began sharing the power in the country with the old aristocratic families. The cleric Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel united the independent principalities into one state. After his death the theocracy disintegrated and the provincial lords fought to gain control over the central power. Only the establishment of the monarchy in 1907 brought peace again. Today the fourth King of Bhutan is leading his country into modern times. Bhutan before unification The Shabdrung The Monarchy Top ... Help

98. Reporting History - Bhutan Bayefsky.com emcompasses the full range of data concerning the application of the UN human rights treaty system by its monitoring treaty bodies since their http://www.bayefsky.com/docs.php/area/rephistory/state/20

The United Nations Human Rights Treaties Home Introduction Text of the Treaties Amendments to the Treaties Documents BY STATE BY CATEGORY BY THEME OR SUBJECT MATTER How to Complain About ... Human Rights Treaty Violations New! Working Methods of the Treaty Bodies Reform of the UN Human Rights Treaty System About Bayefsky.com New! PORTAL to UN human rights treaty information Feedback? Suggestions? Contact us Can't find what you're looking for? See " By Theme or Subject Matter To link to this site, please contact us Reporting History Bhutan CEDAW CRC Information is at July 2005. The reporting history of a state includes periodic reports (the regular reporting cycle) as well as specific requests for special reports or additional information.

99. Bhutan Penal Code - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, C bhutan Penal Code Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, http://www.photius.com/countries/bhutan/national_security/bhutan_national_securi

Country Ranks INDEX for Bhutan History ... Feedback Bhutan Penal Code http://www.photius.com/countries/bhutan/national_security/bhutan_national_security_penal_code.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Bhutan National Security Arrests can be made only under legal authority. Exile, stated as a punishment in the 1953 Constitution of the National Assembly, and its 1968 revision, is not used as a form of punishment, and mutilation was abolished in 1965. Fines, according to various reports, ranged from the equivalent of US$10 to US$55, and jail sentences from seven days to one month were levied against citizens who violated a compulsory but not widely enforced 1989 royal decree that they wear the national dress at formal gatherings to preserve and promote Bhutanese culture. With respect to international criminal law, in 1988 the National Assembly ratified a SAARC convention on terrorism, which Bhutan has consistently condemned in international forums. It provided for extradition of terrorists. The last half of the twentieth century was a momentous period in Bhutan's long historical development. The nation moved from a traditional system of governance to a de facto constitutional monarchy while retaining its firm Buddhist religious basis. Physical isolation was overcome with major road construction and advances in telecommunications that linked the various parts of the country and gave greater access to the outside world. International air travel brought tourism and greater amounts of foreign exchange needed for economic development. Having observed the problems encountered by other developing nations, Bhutan sought a more controlled economic and infrastructure development with the assistance of major foreign and international organizations. Once exclusively reliant on India for trade and aid, the kingdom broadened its import/export base and diversified its sources of economic assistance markedly during this period.

100. Trip To Bhutan.com ::: History Though known as bhutan to the outside world, the bhutanese themselves refer to their The documented history of the Kingdom begins with 747 AD with Guru http://www.triptobhutan.com/history.htm

About Us Contact Us History Bhutan Facts Tourist destinations Cultural Heritage Natural Heritage Government ... Maps The name ‘Bhutan’ appears to derive from the Sanskrit ‘Bhotant’ meaning ‘the end of Tibet’ or from ‘Bhu-uttan’ meaning ‘high land’. Though known as Bhutan to the outside world, the Bhutanese themselves refer to their country as Druk Yul or the Land of the Thunder Dragon. ‘Druk’ meaning ‘Dragon’ and extending from the predominant Drukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. The documented history of the Kingdom begins with 747 A.D. with Guru Padsambhava also known as Guru Rinpoche who made his legendary trip from Tibet across the mountains flying on a tigress’s back. He arrived in Paro valley at Taktsang Lhakhang also known as Tiger’s Nest. Guru Rinpoche is not only recognized as the founder of the Nyingmapa religious school but also considered to be second Buddha. In the ensuing centuries, many great masters preached the faith resulting in full bloom of Buddhism by the middle ages. Although sectarian at first, the country was eventually unified under Drukpa Kagyupa sect of Mahayana Buddhism by saint/administrator Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the 17 th century. Ngawang Namgyal codified a comprehensive system of laws and built a chain of Dzongs which guarded each valley during unsettled times and now serving as the religious and administrative centre of the region.

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