21. African Tribes - Berber People TRIBES PEOPLE GROUPS. berber Location berbers have lived in africa since The berberspeaking peoples are regarded as the indigenous tribes of North http://www.africaguide.com/culture/tribes/berber.htm

... where Africa comes to you ... HOME CONTACT US LINK TO US NEWS LETTER ... African Weddings BERBER Location: Berbers have lived in Africa since the earliest recorded time. References date back to 3000 BC. There are many scattered tribes of Berber across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Forty percent of the Moroccan population is Berber, 30% live in Algeria, and 1% in Tunisia. There are smaller numbers of Berbers in Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. They tend to live in desert regions like the Sahara and in the Atlas Mountains. They live there because the Arabs conquered North Africa in the 7th century AD, and pushed the Berbers out. The number of Berbers in North Africa has slowly declined because more and more Berbers are adopting the language and culture of the Arabs. Language: Berber is derived from the Roman term for barbarians. Berbers are non-Arabic tribes. Throughout the centuries Berbers have mixed with many ethnic groups, mostly Arabs. Because of this, Berbers have come to be identified by linguistics instead of racial basis. The Berber language has 300 closely related dialects. A number of tribes have their own distinct language. Some of the largest Berber tribes are Rif, Kabyle, Shawia, Tuareg, Haratin, Shluh, and Beraber. The written language is not commonly taught and is rarely used. Daily Life: Berbers are traditionally Muslim, and societies are quite fragmented. Berbers have had a constant struggle for power in North Africa with Arab tribes for centuries. The Barbary Coast of North Africa was named after the word Berber, and was known as a place where Arab and Berber pirates would prey on ships on the Mediterranean Sea. Traditionally, Berbers raised sheep and cattle. However, some Berbers subsist by working in flourmills, doing woodcarving, quarrying millstones, and making pottery or jewelry. Women were generally involved with housework, weaving, and pottery. Berbers generally live in rural areas. Their housing is usually clay huts or tents made out of goat hair. In larger villages, however, houses are made of stone. Today, most Berbers are migrant workers who work in Spain or France.

22. Khariji Berber Resistance To Arab Rule (from North Africa, History Of) --  Ency Many berber warriors participated in the conquest of Spain in 711. most ofthe indigenous peoples, whether living in states or smallscale societies. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-46483

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Ancient North Africa Geography and prehistory The Carthaginian period The Phoenician settlements Carthaginian supremacy Trade Wars outside Africa ... The rise and decline of native kingdoms Roman North Africa Administration and defense The growth of urban life Economy Later Roman Empire ... From the Islamic conquest to 1830 Khariji Berber resistance to Arab rule The Rustamid state of Tahart The Banu Midrar of Sijilmassah The Idrisids of Fez The Aghlabids ... Ottoman rule in the Maghrib North Africa after 1830 Advent of European colonialism Nationalist movements Additional Reading General works Ancient North Africa From the Islamic conquest to 1830 North Africa after 1830 ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%.

23. Music, African --  Encyclopædia Britannica the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of africa, includingthe berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9384735

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction History Musical instruments Idiophones Rhythmic idiophones ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products music, African Page 1 of 33 African music the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of Africa, including the Berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in Southern Africa. The music of European settler communities and that of Arab North Africa are not included in the present discussion. For the music of Islamic Africa, see arts, Islamic: Music

24. CHAPTER 2 SOCIAL CONTEXT OF AFRICAN THEOLOGY 1 Socio-Historical into the language of the berber tribes who were indigenous to the land. that in many parts of africa the indigenous peoples understood the two to be http://www3.sympatico.ca/ian.ritchie/ATSC.Chapter2.htm

CHAPTER 2: SOCIAL CONTEXT OF AFRICAN THEOLOGY 1: Socio-Historical Survey Ancient Egypt developed the first of the great civilizations of world history. Egypt had already a long and illustrious history by the time ancient Greece reached its apex, and it is well established that Greek thinkers acknowledged their debt to ancient Egypt. Much has been written on Egypt and it need not be repeated here, except perhaps to mention that much current African and African-American scholarship is currently in the process of reappropriating Egypt as a specifically African civilization, in which the Cushites and black peoples of southern Egypt played a major role. The "Afrocentric Hypothesis", as advanced by Cheik Anta Diop and his more recent African-American exponent, Molefi Asante, states that Egypt was the source of all the significant cultural ideas of the civilizations which followed it, Persia, Greece, Rome, etc., and that all of these ideas came from an African source in Egypt and the southern Nile region (see Diop 1954, 1974 and Asante 1987). While some of the more extreme ideas of the "Afrocentrists" remain controversial in historical scholarship, they are bringing the role of black Africa in the ancient world out of obscurity into the realm of debate, which in itself advances the achievement of Africans and has shed light on the manner in which Euroamerican scholarship has systematically denied and suppressed information about Africa's past greatness, a greatness which included the empires of Egypt, Nubia, Ethiopia, Mali, Songhay, Timbuctoo, and Zimbabwe.

25. Culture And Lifestyle The Arabs were probably responsible for coining the word “berber” to describethe indigenous peoples of North africa. It is likely hey adopted the word from http://www.myarabicstory.org/morocco/people.htm

Cities Intro Arts Food ... Ibn Battuta People and Culture People of Morocco ...... (In search of Fossils) A variety of peoples make up today’s Moroccans, including Berbers, Arabs, and Black Africans. Most Moroccans are of mixed stocks. The Moorish character has been misunderstood due to ignorance of the culture. History reveals the Moroccans to be a people of rugged determination and courage, tolerance of other Islamic sects and of other religions. Meanwhile, Moroccans’ generous hospitality and regard for family values are almost legendary. Berbers- The indigenous people of Morocco are the Berbers who, since the beginning of recorded history, are known to have lived in largely scattered tribes in the areas of North Africa that are now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The Berbers have lived alongside people of Arab origin for around 1200 years. They intermarried with them and converted to the Islamic religion. A very large number also adopted Arabic as their language. In the 7 th century, when small numbers of Arabs began to arrive, the Berbers were impressed by the Arabs’ desire for expansion and their missionary zeal. Little by little the various indigenous tribes converted to Islam, but even within this framework the Berbers retained their power for about 500 years.

26. FWB, Fall 1994/Winter 1995 indigenous peoples are recognized operationally through selfdefinition (as one of that the berber people inhabited North africa thousands of years ago; http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/fwc/Issue9/berber-1.html

B ERBERS The Berber Tamazight Movement in Morocco and Algeria BY AMIN KAZAK In July 1994, a delegation of Berbers from Morocco presented testimony on their own behalf at the annual meeting of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Peoples, in Geneva. The presentation indicates that Berbers have identified themselves as "indigenous," fulfilling a major criterion for their identification as such by others. Indigenous peoples are recognized operationally through self-definition (as one of several criteria) by both the International Labor Organization and the World Bank. This article seeks to expand the broader consciousness of the global indigenous movement by supporting the recognition of Berbers and elaborating upon the testimony they provided at the Working Group meeting.1 The Berbers have inhabited North Africa for thousands of years and today live in a vast area extending through the several countries that constitute the "Maghreb" region (the western Mediterranean coast of North Africa): Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.2 Although the details of their origins are uncertain,3 it can be asserted that the Berber people inhabited North Africa thousands of years ago; they were situated where they exist today (through the expanse of the Atlas Mountains) at the time when the first invaders of the region who recorded history came upon them. It is further safe to say, then, that the Berber case corresponds to that of any indigenous nation of the Americas.4

27. Mauritania -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article (A member of a Caucasoid Muslim people of northern africa) berber kingdom With independence, larger numbers of the indigenous peoples (Haalpulaar, http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/m/ma/mauritania.htm

Mauritania [Categories: African Union member states, Arab League, Mauritania] The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is a country in northwest (The second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean) Africa . Its coast faces the (The 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east) Atlantic Ocean on the west, with (A republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960) Senegal on the south-west, (A landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years) Mali on the east and south-east, (A republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s) Algeria on the north-east, and the (A native or inhabitant of Morocco) Moroccan (Click link for more info and facts about annexed) annexed territory of (An area in northwestern Africa with rich phosphate deposits; under Moroccan control since 1992)

28. Africa - Definition Of Africa In Encyclopedia The indigenous peoples of subSaharan africa are generally referred to as berber peoples remain a significant minority within Morocco and Algeria, http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Africa

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the world's second-largest continent in both area and population , after Asia . At c. 30,244,050 km mi ) including its adjacent islands, it covers 20.3% of the total land area on Earth, and with over 800 million human inhabitants, it accounts for about one seventh of Earth's human population. The ancient Romans used the name Africa terra Tunisia , where the Roman province of Africa was located. The origin of Afer may be the Phoenician `afar , dust; the Afridi tribe, who dwelt in Northern Africa around the area of Carthage Greek aphrike , without cold; or Latin aprica , sunny. Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Geography 2 History 3 Politics 4 Demographics ... 10 External links Geography Main article: Geography of Africa Missing image The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg Africa in the Blue marble picture The African continent contains 56 countries.

29. History Of Algeria: Information From Answers.com Out of this mix developed the berber people, whose language and culture, Since the 5th century BC, the indigenous peoples of northern africa (identified http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-algeria

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping History of Algeria Wikipedia History of Algeria This article is part of the History of Algeria series Prehistory of Central North Africa North Africa during the Classical Period Rise of Islam in Algeria French rule in Algeria ... Algerian Civil War This article is an overview of the History of Algeria . Please refer to the individual sections of the series for more complete commentary. Historical setting In geography, the fertile coastal plain of North Africa , especially west of Tunis , is often termed the Maghrib Modern Algeria is mainly Arabic-speaking, but a large minority still speak the indigenous Berber language, surviving from Neolithic times. The most significant forces in the country's history have been the spread of Islam , Arabization, Ottoman and French colonization , and the struggle for independence. North Africa served as a transit region for peoples moving toward Europe or the Middle East . Thus, the region's inhabitants have been influenced by populations from other areas. Out of this mix developed the

30. Amazigh History The term Amazigh represents the berber people of North africa. practice andreferred to the indigenous peoples they encountered as barbar. http://www.libyamazigh.org/history.htm

Substance and Origins: Since the dawn of history, Imazighen have been the indigenous inhabitants of North Africa, their territory stretching from Egypt to Mauritania and from the Mediterranean to the boundaries of historic sub-Saharan Black Africa. Various empires and peoples have conquered portions of historic Tamazgha , beginning with the Phoenicians and Greeks and continuing through the Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks, French, British, Spanish, and Italians. Imazighen have been subjected to various religious beliefs: their own early pantheistic concepts; the polytheistic dogmas of the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans; and monotheistic Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Since the 13th century, most Imazighen have professed the Islamic faith and Islam has sunk most deeply into their psyches. Throughout their history, the Imazighen have always had their heroes or heroines who have defended their ancestral homeland but then succumbed to the superior "civilization" might of their conquerors. In 814 B.C., for example, Amazigh chief Larbas negotiated a deal to marry Princess Dido, daughter of the King of Tyre, in return for a small piece of real estate that eventually became Qart Hadasht (i.e., the New City, or Carthage). King Juba and king Massinissa intrigued with the Romans against the Carthaginians. Royal prince Jugurtha learned Roman fighting techniques and then led a formidable rebellion from 106 to 104 B.C. according to the Roman historian Sallust's account of the Jugurthine War.

31. Seminar On Minorities And Indigeneous People In Africa Mr Balkassm from Morocco spoke about the origins of the berber people and thehistoric He believed, however, that African indigenous peoples and ethnic http://www.icescolombo.org/Research/Minority/MIPAfrica/MIPAReport.htm

32. Mass Media And Amazigh (Berber) Identity First, this paper describes the Amazigh people of North africa and threats to their Among those indigenous peoples who have been dispossessed and http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/RIL_10.html

Revitalizing Indigenous Languages books conference articles columns ... home Chapter 10 of Revitalizing Indigenous Languages Return to Table of Contents The New Mass Media and the Shaping of Amazigh Identity Amar Almasude First, this paper describes the Amazigh people of North Africa and threats to their language and culture from schooling and the domination of Arabo-Islamic ideology. Second, it discusses how modern technology is amplifying cultural safeguards, such as folklore, music, and some print media. Then the idea is developed that inherent in these new communication technologies is something more than an amplifier of the traditional, something that may be a new and extremely powerful force for preserving and shaping the identity of cultural minorities. The new technologies are impacting the knowledge and attitudes of individuals, both affirming cultural identity and developing a cosmopolitan perspective in a way that will spread through society. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this paper addresses the question of identity as a historical construct derived from changing sociopolitical and economic environments. This approach is contrary to the traditional sociolinguistic view that considers a language and its speaking community in isolation from constantly emerging forces such as communication technology, including print, analog and digital media, and especially the latest telecommunication systems: satellite dishes and the World Wide Web. The focus of this study is the role played by these forces in confirming the Amazigh identity.

33. WAitiNG FoR DoROthY: A Little Town You Know So Well... indigenous peoples of north africa called in english berbers . the berber today, many berber languages and their distinct cultures are in danger of http://waitingfordorothy.blogspot.com/2004/12/little-town-you-know-so-welland-ha

and have never heard of @import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=5869071"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/4.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content. What does this mean? BlogThis! wAitiNG foR doROthY Best is water, but gold like burning fire by night shines out beyond all lordly wealth. - Pindar MAIOR RISVS ACRIOR ENSIS Donate your latte money, yuppies . Someone needs water. Saturday, December 18, 2004 Ministry of a little town you know so well... and have never heard of in 1986, UNESCO declared the libyan town of ghadam¨s (known in libyan arabic as jamahiriya ) a World Heritage Cultural Site. this town is familiar to you. it is part of your cultural knowledge - because it is where george lucas filmed the tatoo¯ne building scenes from his star wars twin trilogies. that's not why UNESCO declared it a WHCS, though. their website is succinct: Ghadam¨s, known as 'the pearl of the desert', stands in an oasis. It is one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and an outstanding example of a traditional settlement. Its domestic architecture is characterized by a vertical division of functions: the ground floor used to store supplies; then another floor for the family, overhanging covered alleys that create what is almost an underground network of passageways; and, at the top, open-air terraces reserved for the women.

34. Morocco's Berbers Battle To Keep From Losing Their Culture / Arab Minority Force Rabat, Morocco A war of words over the berber and Arabic languages is heatingup in on racism and indigenous peoples rights in Durban, South africa, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/16/MN1

35. People Of The Furthest West: Extraordinary Moroccan Journeys | 1-888-990-2999 The original inhabitants of North africa, the berberspeaking peoples It seemssegments of the indigenous berber population first converted to Judaism. http://www.morocco-travel-agency.com/peopleofthefurthestwest.html

Home Page In The Maghreb People Of The Furthest West Three Millennia Of History General Information Cities and Regions Arts and Culture ... Reading List Almost thirty million people harmoniously inhabit the modern kingdom of Morocco. The great majority of them descent from two peoples, Berbers and Arabs . No matter what their origins, all Moroccans share the values of profound hospitality, charity, and generosity that profoundly inform contemporary Moroccan culture. Morocco's history began with the Berbers, the indigenous people of uncertain origin who have inhabited the country for literally thousands of years. The original inhabitants of North Africa, the Berber-speaking peoples now only makeup about 40 percent of the peoples of Morocco and 20 percent of Algeria's population. But once dialects of the Berber language were spoken throughout all of North Africa, and parts of Spain and Sicily during the Middle Ages. Much as many other peoples in the world, Berbers have blended with other people. There are differences between Berbers which have inspired many stories, of European slaves and war captives, bringing blond hair and red hair as well as green and blue eyes into the Berber race.

36. Morocco's Berbers Battle To Keep Their Culture Today, berber activists say the Arabization of Morocco has led to discriminationand on racism and indigenous peoples rights in Durban, South africa, http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/linguistics/news/berber.htm

Morocco's Berbers Battle to Keep From Losing Their Culture Arab minority forces majority to abandon native language. By Peter Prengaman San Francisco Chronicle 3/16/01 Rabat - A war of words over the Berber and Arabic languages is heating up in Morocc, Threatening to divide the kingdom in much the same way the battle between French and English speakers has divided Canada. Berbers were Morocco's first inhabitants, and today they are still the majority, accounting for about 60 percent of Morocco's 30 million citizens But when it comes to speaking their views, they are treated like a minority by the members of the dominant Arab culture. "More than 40 years after independence (from France), the government still doesn't want to teach the Berber language and preserve or promote the culture," says Ahmed Lachgar Agwilal, a Moroccan-born San Franciscan who is a representative of the Amazigh (Berber) Commission for Development and Human Rights in America. "If you want to be Moroccan," he says, "you have to speak this language." The government disagrees.

37. Berbers The berber communities are scattered around in the North African countries. As with other indigenous peoples in the world, berbers are now protesting http://i-cias.com/e.o/berbers.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Berbers People living in North Africa , from Morocco 's west coast to the oasis Siwa in Egypt , from Tunisia 's north tip to the oases in mid- Sahara Berbers are making up a clear majority of the population of North Africa in terms of race and in terms of identity, a considerable minority. The difference between race and identity here is central to understand what being Berber is all about. The influx of Arabs to North Africa, has been far too small up through history to, defend the large numbers of people now claiming to be Arabs. And the influx of other peoples to North Africa has not been of any size since the Vandals in the 5th century. In terms of race, Berbers represent 80% of the population in Morocco and Algeria, more than 60% in Tunisia and Libya and 2% in Egypt, making up more than 50 million people. In addition there are about 4 million Berbers living in Europe, primarily in France. But as the Arabization has swept away the indigenous language from many regions, as well as the Berber identity, many people with Berber forefathers, are now claiming to be Arabs. In terms of identity Berbers represent 40% of all Moroccans, 30% of all Algerians, 5% of all Tunisians, and 10% of all Libyans and 0,5% of all Egyptians, making up more than 20 million people. An estimated half of the ethnic Berbers living in Europe regard themselves as Berbers, making up 2 million. Berbers are just as most other peoples in the world, blended with other people. There are differences between Berbers which have inspired many stories, of European slaves and war captives, bringing blond hair and red hair as well as green and blue eyes into the Berber race. The origin of Berbers is not certain either, some believe they may have come from Europe, but it is safest to consider the Berbers as the original population of North Africa.

38. North Africa - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The majority of people in North africa are ultimately of berber descent, but, The culture of the Maghreb and the Sahara combines indigenous berber and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa

North Africa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania ... Western Sahara The Azores Canary Islands Ethiopia Eritrea , and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa. The Maghreb (also called Northwest Africa or Tamazgha ) is the portion of North Africa that consititutes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya (thus excluding the Nile Valley ). In common usage - particularly in French - the term is often restricted to the first three countries, as all are former French colonies. In Arabic , the term can also refer to Morocco alone. Some North African countries, particularly Egypt and Libya, often get included in common definitions of the Middle East , not being part of the Maghreb. In addition, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt is often considered part of Asia, and hence of the Middle East. Contents People Culture History See Also ... edit People North Africa is often set apart from the sub-Saharan African region, as the desert serves more of an obstacle to communication than the sea itself. It is principally inhabited by Berbers and Arabs , who are scarcely distinguishable physically, along with minorities of other ethnic groups. The Berbers are the indigenous people in the

39. IPACC - Indigenous Peoples Of Africa Coordinating Committee The indigenous peoples of africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC) has put together The concept of indigenous peoples in West africa is not linked to a http://www.ipacc.org.za/resources/publications/psi2004.asp

Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee REPORT - 2004 Since November 2003, the United States of America (USA) has been conducting a military and political campaign in the Sahara that threatens the lives and livelihoods of the indigenous peoples of that region. The stated aims of the Pan Sahel Initiative (PSI) are to fight against Al Qaeda affiliated terrorist training allegedly taking place in several Saharan states. PSI is intended to improve the military and border-security capacity of West Africa states that do not traditionally co-operate on intelligence sharing and border management. PSI includes both US military personnel on the ground in West Africa as well as substantial financial assistance to particular Sahelian states to improve their control of Saharan border areas. The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee (IPACC) has put together this report to help raise awareness of the risks that PSI poses to the lives of indigenous peoples. The Sahara has been a theatre of conflict between the indigenous nomadic peoples and the governments in the area for decades. Mali and Niger , notably, committed extreme human rights abuses against indigenous peoples between 1991 - 1995. Rather than attempting to improve the relationship between economically and culturally vulnerable peoples of the Sahara, the US initiative is placing indigenous peoples in a more vulnerable situation with a strong likelihood of renewed human rights abuses by respective Sahelian armed forces.

40. MSN Encarta - Berber (people) more Encarta Search. Search Encarta about berber (people) people of certainindigenous, nonArabic peoples inhabiting large sections of North africa. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552010/Berber_(people).html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Search ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Africa Algeria more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about Berber (people) Advertisement Berber (people) Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 3 items Berber (people) , name given to the group of languages and people of certain indigenous, non-Arabic peoples inhabiting large sections of North Africa. Through the centuries Berbers have mixed with so many other ethnic groups, notably the Arabs , that they are now identified usually on a linguistic rather than a racial basis. Berber languages form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic linguistic family and comprise about 26 closely related languages, including Tachelhit, Central Atlas Tamazight, and Kabyle . Many Berbers are bilingual in Arabic Berbers constitute about 40 per cent of the population of Morocco, about 30 per cent of the population of Algeria, and about 1 per cent of the population of Tunisia. The number of identifiable Berbers in North Africa is slowly declining as more of them adopt the language and culture of the Arab majority. Like the Arabs, the Berbers are Muslims; they are less orthodox, however, and their religious rituals include many elements, some animistic , that derive from ancient pre-Muslim and pagan religions. Most of the Berbers inhabit rural areas where they live in tents and clay huts or, in the larger villages, in stone houses. The traditional Berber occupations are sheep and cattle raising, but increasing numbers raise crops. Other industries in which Berbers engage include flour milling, woodcarving, the quarrying of millstones, and the production of domestic utensils, agricultural implements, pottery, jewellery, and leather goods.

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