101. Index Of Native American Archaeology & Anthropology Resources On The Internet 50, From the Bureau of american Ethnology BULLETIN 164; Iowa s Cultural Heritage Button Return to the Index of native american Resources on the Internet http://www.hanksville.org/NAresources/indices/NAarch.html

WWW Virtual Library - American Indians F requently A sked ... uestions for this site This document must be read before sending any email! Search this site Read the blog by a Navajo physician living in New Orleans. Help victims of Hurricane Katrina. Donate to the Red Cross. The iTunes shop updated again. Finally, some Jim Pepper Stop by The Literacy Site each day and click to donate a book to a childcare center for low income children. Alert Stolen Pottery Vessels from Moundville Participatory Opportunities Archaeology Plus Rock Art Tours Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Dig Afognak to reconstruct the prehistoric lifeways of the Koniag Alutiiq people Earthwatch Archaeological Projects Gault Site Art and Archeology of the Earliest Texans Old Pueblo Archeology Raven Site Southern Methodist University Archaeological Field School Totah Archaeological Field School ... Click here to buy art prints! Conferences Oxford Conferences on Archaeoastronomy Archaeology and Anthropology Resources Visual Anthropology Review American Archaeology , from the Archaeological Conservancy American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation Ancient Astronomers of North America by John A. Blackwell

102. Mi'kmaq / First Nations History Suppliment Shunpiking Vol 5 No 5, Issue # 38 The ghost of the beothuk, Newfoundland s indigenous people, hangs all over have condemned the implicit or explicit description of native Americans most http://www.shunpiking.com/mikmaq/his-beothic.htm

History speaks for the Beothuk The ghost of the Beothuk, Newfoundland's indigenous people, hangs all over the proposals of the long knives for termination of aboriginal rights as the final solution for the Indian question A HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE BEOTHUK By Ingeborg Marshall, McGill-Queen's University Press Reviewed by Anthony J. Hall L eading the charge against the recognition of aboriginal land rights in British Columbia, Canada's richest and fastest-growing province, are Globe and Mail columnist Gordon Gibson and former b.c. civil servant Mel Smith. In many columns, Gibson has railed against the terms of the Nisga'a Treaty, an agreement that he says entrenches racial discrimination in law. Gibson's arguments, which have wide currency especially in the Canadian Alliance Party, are largely extensions of the themes in Smith's Our Home Or Native Land?, a little text that is on its way to becoming something of a cult classic among far-right activists organizing to oppose aboriginal rights. Smith cites selectively from various court rulings to advance the thesis that it is perfectly legal for governments and corporations to dispossess aboriginal peoples of lands and resources in Canada without their consent and without compensation. Both Smith and Gibson join a long line of social Darwinists who have asserted or implied that North America has no lasting place for indigenous nations, and that natives must simply leave behind their aboriginal nations to enter the political and economic cultures of their colonizers as equal citizens.

103. Teaching First Nations History As Canadian Inuit, Dorset, beothuk together with the Mi kmaq and Abenaki cultures. The Historians Indian native Americans in Canadian Historical Writing from http://mrc.uccb.ns.ca/firstnationshistory.html

Teaching First Nations History as Canadian History Graham Reynolds Cape Breton University The past several decades have witnessed a remarkable transformation in the administration and content of First Nations education in Canada (Battiste 1995). In considering the changes that have occurred, beginning with the National Indian Brotherhood's historic Red Paper entitled Indian Control of Indian Education in 1972, it is fair to say that a virtual revolution has taken place in relation to the transfer of authority from Federal and Provincial governments to local First Nations communities across Canada. In spite of budget cuts and bureaucratic intransigence, there is general acceptance today of the right of self-determination in the area of First Nations education and there is some expectation that First Nations language and culture will be preserved through aboriginal community schools. As impressive as this revolution has been, however, there is still a tremendous amount to be done, not only in continuing the struggle for First Nations control over their own education but also in response to the need for aboriginal content in Canadian primary and secondary school curricula. Indeed, in comparison to the advances in other areas of First Nations education, it is clear that progress in this last area has definitely lagged behind. and Japanese descent).

104. Canada's First Nations: Table Of Contents Jump to Antiquity native Civilisations European Contact Treaty 1.Arctic Inuit and beothuk 2. Atlantic Gulf and St. Lawrence Mi kmaq, Huron, http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firstnations/sitemap.html

CANADA'S FIRST NATIONS Sitemap Antiquity Native Civilisations European Contact Treaty Evolution Chapter One: ANTIQUITY A. Native Creation Myths [A. Native Creation Myths] Canada's First Nations peoples value a legacy of oral tradition that provides an account of each group's origins, history, and spirituality. Stories bind a community with its past and future, and oral traditions reach across generations, from elder to child, and bear witness to how women and men were created and populated the land. These descriptions of genesis are varied but all maintain that life began on the North American continent. The main objective is to provide the First Nations' perspective of their own creation. Iroquois (Earth Diver) Blackfoot (Earth Diver) Igluik (World Parent) Huron (World Parent) Cree (World Parent) Siouian (Emergency) Haida (Conflict and Robbery) Tsimshian (Rebirth of a Corpse) Mi'kmaq (Two Creators and their Conflicts) Algonquin (Brother) Dene (Creation of Seasons) B. Migration Theories [B. Migration Theories] Diverse scientific methods are employed in the construction of origin theories of Canada's First Nations peoples. Scientists place the origin of the human species outside of the Americas. Although they support theories of migration from Asia to the Americas, they disagree over when, how, or why the first humans came to the Americas. The scientific theories attempt to explain the time frame, method, and reason for these migrations. Beringia Land Bridge Trans-Oceanic Migrations Continental Migration after Climatic Change

105. North American Archaeology: "Discovery" By Whom? of independent invention or autochthonous development for native americancultures. Contacts between native american peoples and the Old World in http://www.indiana.edu/~arch/saa/matrix/naa/naa_web/mod16.html

Home Courses NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY Overviews: Modules: Other: Syllabus WITH EUROPEANS (AND OTHERS?) (MODULE 16) Read: Fagan (2000:489-518) (Click here to go directly to the Lesson Overview for Module 16) (Click here to go directly to the Syllabus Daily Topics Schedule for this lesson) A. This discussion will address some of the allegations that there had been contacts between Native American peoples and the Old World in pre-Columbian times . B. This is a topic that is potentially volatile with regard to both the validity and significance of such hypothesized contacts a variety of stakeholders! 1. The archaeological community various interested indigenous communities 3. The general "lay public" C. At issue is the question of independent invention or "autochthonous" development is there evidence of any kind of "cultural debt" owed to the cultures of the Old World prior to the Columbian adventure? E. We have touched on this topic early in this course when we discussed issues regarding the theories on the origins of the American Indian. 1. Well into the nineteenth century, there were still those who refused to credit American Indians with creation of massive ancient constructions, instead looking for Old World inspiration in the form of: a. Alexander's lost fleet b. "Giant Jewish Toltec Vikings" c. Lost Tribes of Israel 2. This continues to this day

106. University Of Arizona Press - American Indian Languages american Indian Languages Cultural and Social Contexts is a It also introducesgeneral readers interested in native americans to the amazing diversity http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/books/bid1066.htm

American Indian Languages Cultural and Social Contexts Shirley Silver and Wick R. Miller. 433 pp. / 6 1/8 x 9 1/4 / 1997 Paper (0816521395) $29.95 Cloth (0816518025) $65.00 Native California Language in Society SSILA Newsletter This comprehensive survey of indigenous languages of the New World introduces students and general readers to the mosaic of American Indian languages and cultures and offers an approach to grasping their subtleties. Authors Silver and Miller demonstrate the complexity and diversity of these languages while dispelling popular misconceptions. Their text reveals the linguistic richness of languages found throughout the Americas, emphasizing those located in the western United States and Mexico, while drawing on a wide range of other examples found from Canada to the Andes. It introduces readers to such varied aspects of communicating as directionals and counting systems, storytelling, expressive speech, Mexican Kickapoo whistle speech, and Plains sign language. The authors have included basics of grammar and historical linguistics, while emphasizing such issues as speech genres and other sociolinguistic issues and the relation between language and worldview. They have incorporated a variety of data that have rarely or never received attention in nontechnical literature in order to underscore the linguistic diversity of the Americas, and have provided more extensive language classification lists than are found in most other texts. American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts

107. Vitae: Raymond A Bucko, S.J. In New Perspectives on native North America Cultures, Histories, IngeborgMarshall s A History and Ethnography of the beothuk, Choice, January 1997, http://puffin.creighton.edu/bucko/vitae/vitae_detailed.html

RAYMOND A. BUCKO, S.J. Department of Sociology and Anthropology Creighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha, NE 68178 bucko@creighton.edu CURRENT EMPLOYMENT: Associate Professor of Anthropology Department of Sociology and Anthropology Creighton University EDUCATION AND DEGREES EARNED: University of Chicago Ph. D. completed June 1992 Century Fellowship Dissertation: "Inipi: Historic Transformation and Contemporary Significance of the Sweat Lodge in Lakota Ritual Practice." Regis College, Toronto Master of Sacred Theology Summa Cum Laude Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley Master of Divinity Fordham University B.A. Anthropology and Philosophy Phi Beta Kappa Summa Cum Laude TEACHING EXPERIENCE: 2000 - Present Creighton University Spring Semester 1997 Visiting Scholar, Fairfield University Le Moyne College Native American Educational Services, Chicago Oglala Lakota College Le Moyne College Red Cloud Indian High School COURSES TAUGHT: Anthropology of Religion Careers, Practice, and Professional Computing for Sociology Human Variation Medical Anthropology Ethnohistory of American Indian Peoples Native Cultures of North America Museums and Social Science Social and Cultural Theory Honors Seminar: The World Since 1945 Directed Reading: The Anthropology of War Directed Reading: Aids and Anthropology Cultures: Lakota and Missionary Lakota Culture and Inculturation AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION: Social/cultural theory, religion, symbolic anthropology, history of anthropology, language and culture. museums, Native North America, Great Plains, Lakota. Computer assisted instruction, cooperative and distance learning models.

108. Beothuk - The Kids' Site Of Canadian Settlement - Library And Archives Canada peoples who inhabited the northeast coast of what would become North America . It is thought that the beothuk, like many or most native peoples, http://www.collectionscanada.ca/settlement/kids/021013-2021.3-e.html

Introduction History Daily Life Culture Bibliography Craft History Losing a Way of Life The Beothuk never used to live in one place for very long. They would travel to the coast in the spring and summer to fish, and move to the interior away from the harsh winds to hunt in the fall and winter. When it was time for the animals or fish to have their babies or lay their eggs, they stopped hunting or fishing those animals. This was to make sure there would always be new animals or fish being born to take the place of the ones they killed. When the Beothuk were forced into the interior however, they had to hunt and fish always in one place. This broke a cycle that had evolved over thousands of years between them and the animals. As well, the Beothuk could no longer hunt and fish the marine life from the ocean. Whenever the Beothuk went near the ocean, English fisherman would shoot at them. The end result was starvation for the Beothuk people. The End of the Beothuk In 1768, the Governor of Newfoundland, Hugh Pallaser, sent a man named John Cartwright to investigate what was happening to the Beothuk. Cartwright was horrified by what he heard. The Beothuk and the fishermen did not have a good relationship. Fisherman bragged about how many Beothuk they were able to kill, even though it was against the law to kill Beothuk. However, the greatest threat to the Beothuk was not the fisherman, but the furriers. The furriers were men who went deep into the woods to trap animals in order to sell their fur. The furriers had learned the skills of expert woodsmen, and were not afraid of being in the forest. They could track Beothuk as well as they could track caribou. These furriers are said to have hunted the Beothuk and killed them, as a result of the bad relationship that had grown up between the two peoples. Some say that

109. Canku Ota - Oct. 7, 2000 - The Invasion Of Europe Canku Ota (Many Paths) A Newsletter Celebrating native America. The rebirthof our European cultures has also stimulated interest on the part of http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues00/Co10072000/CO_10072000_Invasion.htm

Canku Ota - A Newsletter Celebrating Native America October 7, 2000 - Issue 20 The Invasion of Europe by Zoltan Grossman used with permission This story imagines a parallel universe in which Native Americans have conquered and settled Europe. Part of the point is that Native Americans would not have done to Europeans what Europeans actually did to them. The main point is (as Sherman Alexie says) is to "turn it around," in order to expose cultural double standards. Versions of this piece were published in 1992 in Akwesasne Notes, News From Indian Country, Report on the Americas, and other periodicals. The piece is posted on-line in "Readings on Cultural Respect" on the Midwest Treaty Network website at http://www.alphacdc.com/treaty/r-explt.html#story . Feel free to use it (with attribution) for education around October 12th. "Wanblee Johnson" is a fictitious character thought up by Zoltan Grossman It was 500 years ago that Callicoatl sailed across the ocean with three Aztec boats, and found a new continent, a new Eastern Hemisphere. The commemoration of this event is being marked with great fanfare and celebration. Every child has been taught the story: how Callicoatl convinced Montezuma II to support his journey, how the Aztec sailors nearly despaired on the journey, and how they "discovered" a strange white-skinned race in the "New World." But that is only part of the story. It is important that in this, the 500th anniversary of Callicoat's voyage, the record be set straight.

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