21. Native American Information: History Of The Beothuk Indians The culture, societal makeup, hunting and spiritual life of the beothuk Indians . native american Information History of the beothuk Indians http://txtx.essortment.com/beothukindians_rmrx.htm

Native American Information: History of the Beothuk Indians The culture, societal make-up, hunting and spiritual life of the Beothuk Indians. An analysis of the living conditions of these people surviving in the 21st century. The Beothuk Indians were the original inhabitants of the island of Newfoundland. Upon first European contact in the 16th Century, there were about 2,000 Beothuk people. By the early 19th Century, however, they had been completely wiped out. The Beothuk were alternatively known as the Ulno, theSkraelling and the Red Indians. They spoke a unique language which may have been remotely connected to the Algonquin tongue spoken on the mainland. Not much is known about the culture of the Beothuk people due to their isolation. Rather than being farmers, as were many of the mainland tribes, the Beothuk were hunters, with the main target being the Caribou. These were to be found in large numbers on the island. The coastline also presented many opportunities to acquire food, with fish, seals and other seafood in plentiful supply. As a result the Beothuk became very skilled fishermen and adept at manoeuvring their canoes while using their spears to harpoon their prey. When the Europeans and the Beothuk tribal enemies the Micmac began to inhabit coastal areas, however, the Beothuk fled into the interior of the island. But here the food supplies were not nearly as plentiful. In fact, many Beothuk began to die of starvation. The Beothuk were known as Red Indians primarily because of their extensive use of red ochre. A greasy mixture of red ochre would be applied to the face and bodyalong with the hair as well as any personal possessions a person had. In fact it is believed that the term ‘redskin’ as used to apply to all Native American Indians originated at the time of contact between Europeans and the Beothuk.

22. Beothuk -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article info and facts about North american native people) North american native She spent the last six years of her life describing beothuk culture and http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/b/be/beothuk.htm

Beothuk [Categories: Canadian history, Aboriginal peoples in Atlantic Canada] The Beothuks were the native inhabitants of the island of (An island in the north Atlantic) Newfoundland at the time of (A native or inhabitant of Europe) European contact in the (Click link for more info and facts about 15th) and (Click link for more info and facts about 16th centuries) 16th centuries . They are now extinct. Early European contact "Beothuk" means "people" in the (Click link for more info and facts about Beothuk language) Beothuk language . The origins of the Beothuks are uncertain, but it appears that they were an (A member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Algonquian language and originally living in the subarctic regions of eastern Canada; many Algonquian tribes migrated south into the woodlands from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast) Algonquian group who displaced a (Click link for more info and facts about Dorset) Dorset culture on Newfoundland about 1000 years ago. It is possible that the natives described by the (Any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries) Vikings as (Click link for more info and facts about Skraeling) Skraeling s were Beothuk inhabitants of (The mainland part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in the eastern part of the large Labrador-Ungava Peninsula in northeastern Canada) Labrador and Newfoundland. When other Europeans arrived, beginning with

23. WileyThe Native American World Mississippian culture. Mogollon culture. native american Church. beothuk.Blackfeet. Caddo. Cahuilla. Carrier. Catawba. Cayuga. Cayuse. Chemehuevi. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471403229,descCd-tableOfCont

24. PECHANGA.net : Native News : History & Culture in native News History culture beothuk mystery (PENNSYLVANIA) Sunday slook at american Indian culture featured an announcement of plans for a http://pechanga.net/NativeNewsHistoryCulture.html

Pechanga Tribal Website Mariposa Software Advertise on PECHANGA.net Subscribe to PECHANGA.net ... Site Map results per page Land Water Energy Environment ... San Juan Pueblo leader enshrined in Native News Popé's long trek ends in U.S. Capitol (NEW MEXICO) New Mexico and one of the oldest American Indian tribes in the United States will be recognized Thursday when a statue of Popé, the San Juan Pueblo leader who organized the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, will be enshrined in the National Statuary Hall in the nation's Capitol. in Native News MHS to open section of Native American culture exhibit (MONTANA) The Montana Historical Society will honor state "American Indian Heritage Day" on Friday, Sept. 23, with day-long free admission to Montana's Museum for events that will include the grand opening of the first section of its new Native American culture exhibit. in Native News From Little Big Horn to Wounded Knee (SOUTH DAKOTA) If you've seen the movie, you know Little Big Man was a doozy of a tall tale. No one this side of Hollywood could have hunted buffalo as a boy, hobnobbed with white men, fought Gen. George Armstrong Custer, taken Jesus as a savior, survived an Army massacre or two - and lived for a century. in Native News Tradition heats up with salmon bake (OREGON) At first glance it appears the reason that Jason Younker's shorts are sopping wet is to keep them from bursting into flame as he hovers over a bed of coals that, in time, will grow to nearly 700 degrees Fahrenheit.

25. "Wild Horse". Native American Art & History. Native People Tribe. Montagnais History of native people of America american Indians, their culture and art . to have absorbed the last remnants of the beothuk during the 1820s, http://www.american-native-art.com/publication/montagnais/montagnais.html

HISTORY and LEGENDS Searching on the site: Native people tribe Kachinas Dreamcatcher Peace Pipe ... Jewelry STORE catalog Crafts Bows Spears Tomahawks Shields ... Back to Native people tribe Montagnais Montagnais Naskopi village Nitassinan, the Montagnais homeland, is a vast area which includes most of Quebec east of the St. Maurice River extending along the north side of the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic Ocean in Labrador. To the north, their territory reached as far as the divide between the St. Lawrence and James Bay drainages. There were three divisions: the Montagnais along the St. Lawrence between the St. Maurice River and Sept-Iles; the Naskapi east of them in Labrador; and the Attikamek on the upper St. Maurice River north of Montreal. Innu (Montagnais) woman (ca. 1930)) Originally Population before contact was about 10,000, and reaching its low-point of 2,000 in 1884. Currently, there are almost 13,000 Montagnais in Quebec with another 800 living in Labrador. The 1,100 Naskapi are also split - 600 in Quebec and 500 in Labrador, while the Attikamek have 4,600, all in Quebec. When all groups of the Montagnais are added together, the total is close to 20,000 making the Montagnais the largest group of Native Americans in Quebec after the Mohawk. At present, they are organized into four separate tribal governments. The Naskapi and Montagnais in Labrador are represented by the Innu Nation, while the Quebec Montagnais belong to either the Mamuitun or the Mammit Innuat First Nation. The Attikamek formerly were part of the Montagnais but recently have chosen to maintain a separate status.

26. U. Mary WWW Resources - By Subject - Native American Religions beothuk. native Religions in Newfoundland and Labrador. DAKOTA LAKHOTA american Indian culture Research Center Britannica - native american http://it.umary.edu/Library/research/www_subjects/religion_nat_am.html

Back: Welder Library Web Resources Home WWW Resources by Subject Area Native American Religions NOTE: The links on this page are raw material constituting the collection phase of directory development. (See About This Directory for information on phases of development.) They have not yet been re-examined and weeded. When they are, about half the links here now will have been discarded as insufficiently fruitful and a somewhat smaller number of brand new and more rewarding links will have been added. Unprocessed pages like this are also likely to have a higher number of broken links. To learn how to work around them, please read about Error Messages if you haven't already done so. Page Index: Overview Articles Aztec Beothuk ... Other Directories of Native American Religions OVERVIEW nhc.rtp.nc.us - Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries - Native American Religion ARTICLES First Nations Spirituality AZTEC Aztec Creation Story aztec universe pantheon.org - Encyclopedia Mythica Aztec mythology Quetzalcoatl Papers BEOTHUK Native Religions in Newfoundland and Labrador DAKOTA - LAKHOTA bluecloud.org - Religion

27. Homework Helper - Native Americans beothuk; The beothuk native american Indian Art, culture, Education,History, Science http//www.kstrom.net/isk/. native american Indian Resources http://www.mcallen.lib.tx.us/library/child/homework/natams.htm

McAllen Memorial Library Homework Helper Native Americans Alphabetical List of Individual Tribes Native American History Sites Texas Indians Native Americans Today Alphabetical List of Individual Tribes A B C D ... Z <== For Texas Indians information, look for TEXAS A [Abenaki] Abenaki Home Page http://millennianet.com/slmiller/abenaki/index.htm [Abenaki] The Abenaki http://www.archaeolink.com/abenaki_indians_social_studies.htm -Links and Resources [Abenaki] Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook-Abenaki People: Home Page http://www.cowasuck.org/ [Accohannock] Accohannock: A Living Village http://skipjack.net/le_shore/accohannock/ [Achomawi] The Achomawi of Northern California http://www.fourdir.com/achomawi.htm [Akokisas] See The Atakapan Indian Groups [Akwesasne] The Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne http://www.peacetree.com/akwesasne/home.htm [Alabama-Coushatta] Alabama-Coushatta Indians http://www.texasindians.com/albam.htm [Alabama-Coushatta] The Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas http://www.alabama-coushatta.com [Algonquin] The Algonquin http://www.archaeolink.com/algonquin_indians_native_america.htm

28. Books: Native American Indian Education Resources For School & Library Distribut Encyclopedia of North american Indians native american History, culture, andLife from PaleoIndians to the History and Ethnography of the beothuk, A http://www.goodminds.com/books/menu.htm

Books available (Ad)dressing Our Words: Aboriginal Perspectives on Aboriginal Literature 1885 and After: Native Society in Transition 400 Kilometres 500 Nations: An Illustrated History of North American Indians ... Zunis, The (A True Book), paper ed

29. - Search -Native American Indian Tribes - Over 1,200 Articles On Native American american Indian culture and traditions, the study of american Indian languages, native american indian tribes US Canada american Indian culture http://www.aaanativearts.com/gate.html?name=Search&author=aaanativearts

30. Native American People (First Nations And American Indian Cultures) Information and links about the native american cultures, nations, Indians)One of the few truly extinct native american cultures, the beothuk were the http://www.native-languages.org/home.htm

Native American Languages Support our organization Submit your writing Native Languages of the Americas: Native American Cultures Hello, and welcome to Native Languages of the Americas! We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting American Indian languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology. Our website is not beautiful. Probably, it never will be. But this site has inner beauty, for it is, or will be, a compendium of online materials about more than 800 indigenous languages of the Western Hemisphere and the people that speak them. See the list of indigenous American peoples featured on our site. See our alphabetical master list of American Indian tribes , with links to more information about each nation and its language. See the Amerindian language family groupings See our list of vocabulary words in various American Indian languages. See our Native American book list featuring resources by and about American Indians. See our links to other Internet resources about American Indian culture See our menu of Native American information for kids Featured Native American Cultures So far we have finished pages for 33 languages spoken by more than a hundred Indian nations in Canada and the United States. In addition to the language information, we have carefully collected and organized links to many different aspects of native life and culture, with an emphasis on American Indians as a living people with a present tense. American Indian history is interesting and important, but Indians are still here today, too, and we have tried to feature modern writers as well as traditional legends, contemporary art as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday. Suggestions for new links are always

31. Native North Americans Beothuk beothuk History People culture. Home native Americans Canada/US Generalresources. By peoples, tribes, associations. Abenaki Social Studies - Acolapissa http://www.archaeolink.com/native_north_americans_beothuk.htm

Beothuk History People Culture Home Native Americans - Canada/US General resources By peoples, tribes, associations Abenaki Social Studies Acolapissa Social Studies Acoma Pueblo ( Sky City ) Social Studies Alabama-Coushatta Social Studies ... Zuni Pueblo Social Studies By Regions Eastern Woodland page 1 Eastern Woodland page 2 Northern Plains page 1 Northern Plains page 2 ... Pacific Northwest page2 Special Pages Native Americans in the Military Métis The Beothuk _What a great website about this fascinating people! "It only took 250 years for these people to become extinct after European contact. This is their story. Try out the games you can play to see how much you've learned at this very nice website, too!" - Illustrated - From the Memorial University of Newfoundland - http://www.heritage.nf.ca/aboriginal/beothuk.html Beothuk Indians A good site to introduce the Beothuk to younger students. In fact, it was done by a younger students. "We, the grade five students of Pt. Leamington Academy, have done a research paper on the native people of Newfoundland. This paper is about the Beothuk Indians of Newfoundland. Here are some of the information that one student found." Good work - illustrated - From Pt. Leamington Academy - http://www.k12.nf.ca/pointleamington/4-6/Beothuks.htm

32. Chickasaw Indians Native American Social Studies Chickasaw People History culture. Home native americans Canada/US General Text only - From the African-native american History Genealogy Webpage http://www.archaeolink.com/chickasaw_indians_native_america.htm

Chickasaw People History Culture Home Native Americans - Canada/US General resources By peoples, tribes, associations Abenaki Social Studies Acolapissa Social Studies Acoma Pueblo ( Sky City ) Social Studies Alabama-Coushatta Social Studies ... Zuni Pueblo Social Studies By Regions Eastern Woodland page 1 Eastern Woodland page 2 Northern Plains page 1 Northern Plains page 2 ... Pacific Northwest page2 Special Pages Native Americans in the Military Métis Chickasaw Chickasaw Nation as of August 31, 1994, had assets totaling $35 million." This history begins "somewhere in the dim past, perhaps in what is now Mexico." - Text only - From the Encyclopedia of North American Indians - http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_006900_chickasaw.htm Chickasaw http://www.tolatsga.org/chick.html Chickasaw ... Chickasaw Area Indian Nation 1895 _This is huge map which shows Chickasaw lands in 1895. The relevant area is highlighted in yellow. - Illustrated - From the 1895 U.S. Atlas - http://www.livgenmi.com/1895/INNA/County/chickasaw.htm

33. Encyclopedia: Native American Language The native american languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as The beothuk language was the language spoken by the beothuk indigenous http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Native-American-language

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Native American language" also viewed: Henry VII, King of England David Simon What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Yehud Monosson Municipality Yehud Xavier School WrestleMania ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Native American language Updated 135 days 15 hours 30 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Native American language Native American languages are the indigenous languages of the Americas , spoken by Native Americans from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America . The Native American languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language isolates . Many proposals to group these into higher-level families have been made by some linguists, but several of these have not been generally accepted. The Americas (sometimes referred to as America) is the area including the land mass located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, generally divided into North America and South America. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ...

34. Beothuk culture. For the most part the beothuk kept to themselves and avoided contact Unlike other native Americans, their subsequent decline was due more to http://www.dickshovel.com/beo.html

BEOTHUK HISTORY [Note: This is a single part of what will be, by my classification, about 240 compact tribal histories (contact to 1900). It is limited to the lower 48 states of the U.S. but also includes those First Nations from Canada and Mexico that had important roles ( Huron , Assiniboine, etc.). This history's content and style are representative. The normal process at this point is to circulate an almost finished product among a peer group for comment and criticism. At the end of this History you will find links to those Nations referred to in the History of the Beothuk. Using the Internet, this can be more inclusive. Feel free to comment or suggest corrections via e-mail. Working together we can end some of the historical misinformation about Native Americans. You will find the ego at this end to be of standard size. Thanks for stopping by. I look forward to your comments... Lee Sultzman. Beothuk Location The island of Newfoundland. Population No one really knows how many there were in 1500. Some estimates are as high as 5,000, but 2,000 is probably closer to the truth. Only 400 were left in 1768, and by 1829 they were extinct . It would seem possible, however, that small groups of Beothuk crossed over into Labrador and merged with the Montagnais or Naskapi.

35. North American Indian Tribes Early native american Tribes and culture Areas. $ Ancestry.com Indian Records $ Includes the Following native american Tribes http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm

Free Genealogy Indian Genealogy Genealogy Records Biographies Cemetery Records Census Records Free Family Tree Website ... World Genealogy Free Indian Records Index and Database of Rolls Indian Cemeteries Indian Census Records Indian Chiefs ... How to Register Native American Research Dawes: Getting Organized Indian Tribes of the Frontier Your American Indian Ancestors ... Early Native American Tribes and Culture Areas $ Ancestry.com Indian Records $ 1900 Indian Territory Census Dawes Commission Index, 1896 The Dawes Commission Allotment Cherokee Connections ... Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties North American Indian Tribes The information provided here is from The Indian Tribes of North America, written by John R. Swanton. Northeast Includes the following States Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine ... Vermont Includes the following Indian Tribes Abenaki Acquintanacsnak Algonkin Algonquian Family ... Hathawekela (Absentee Shawnee) Huron Illinois Iroquois Kickapoo ... Neutrals Niantic ( Eastern Western Nipissing Nipmuc ... Wenrohronon Upper Eastern Includes the Following States Indiana Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee ... West Virginia Includes the Following Native American Tribes Algonquian Family Bear River Indians Cape Fear Indians Catawba ... Hathawekela (Absentee Shawnee) Hatteras Hurons Illinois Irquois ... Muskogee Nahyssan Natchez Neusiok Neutrals Nottaway ... Saponi Sara Sauk Seneca Shakori Shawnee ... Yuchi Southeast

36. MY FIRST NATIONS PAGE native americans. Links to Other Aboriginal Sites culture. Aboriginal MusicProject american Indian Ethnobotany Database Arctic Circle http://www.eagle.ca/~matink/themes/FirstNations/natives.html

Home Page Safety Net Newsletter Teacher Resources Libraries ... Projects First Nations Table of Contents Government and Law General History Culture ... The Environment Tribes First Nations Native Americans Links to Other Aboriginal Sites Government and Law Aboriginal Law and Legislation Online ABORIGINAL SUPER INFORMATION HWY. Assembly of First Nations B.C. Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs WWW Site ... (Back to Table Of Contents) General Bill's Aboriginal Links Bill's Aboriginal Links: Canada and US Dusters Native American and First Nations sites Links to Information on Native Americans ... (Back to Table Of Contents) History A history of the NW Coast. All about the Oregon Trail Arctic Circle: Exploring the Past: An archeological journey CMC - Canada Hall, phase 1 ... (Back to Table Of Contents) Culture Aboriginal Music Project American Indian Ethnobotany Database Arctic Circle Artist's Profile: ROY HENRY VICKERS ... (Back to Table Of Contents) Education and Schools "DUCK BAY SCHOOL'S HOME PAGE" "Oscar Blackburn School's Home Page" Aboriginal Youth Network - Home Page About this Community - Wanipigow/Hollow Water ... (Back to Table Of Contents) Journals First Perspective On-line Red Ink On-Line - Gopher Links The Nunatsiaq News Home Page!

37. Findings:@Everything2.com corporate culture beothuk culture Fatalism in american culture anther culture If you Log in you could create a Japanese cultures node. http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Japanese cultures

38. Who Were The Beothuk? history and culture of the beothuk Indians. Credits below. While the use ofred ocre was common among native Americans, no other tribe used it as http://www.manataka.org/page266.html

Home History Trading Warrior's ... Feature Stories Thanks for browsing MAIC...... What's Next? Speak Cherokee Story of Manataka [NOTE: This article is a selection of various writers on the history and culture of the Beothuk Indians. Credits below.] Who Were The Beothuk Indians? By Janie Albreight Not much is known about the culture of the Beothuk people. The Beothuk Indians were the original inhabitants of the island of Newfoundland. The Beothuk were primarily hunters, with caribou as their main source of meat. The Beothuk also harvested fish, seals and other seafood, which was plentiful along their coastline. Upon first European contact in the 16th Century, there were about 2,000 Beothuk people. By the early 19th Century, however, the beothuk people had been completely wiped out. The last recorded Beothuk, Nancy Shanawhdit, died in 1829. [No one really knows how many there were in 1500. Some estimates are as high as 5,000, but 2,000 is probably closer to the truth. Only 400 were left in 1768, and by 1829 they were extinct. It would seem possible, however, that small groups of Beothuk crossed over into Labrador and merged with the Montagnais or Naskapi.] The Beothuk were also known as the Ulno, the Skraelling and the Red Indians.

39. Chickamauga Cherokee Indians - Chickamauga Cherokee Nation Indian Genealogy, Nat native american Indian Genealogy is very close to my heart, and I have worked for These Chiefs believed they must remove to keep their culture in tact, http://www.comanchelodge.com/chickamauga-cherokee.html

Pathways Crossroads Researching the Red Clay Nation Revised: This website supports Freedom of Speech as affirmed by the U.S. Bill of Rights in 1791 and by the Declaration of Human Rights of 1948! "Our dead never forget the beautiful world that gave them being. They still love its verdant valleys, its murmuring rivers, its magnificent mountains, sequestered vales and verdant lined lakes and bay, and ever yearn in tender, fond affection over the lonely hearted living, and often return from the Happy Hunting Ground to visit, guide, console and comfort them ... And when the last Red Man shall have perished, and the memory of my tribe shall have become a myth among the White Men, these shores will swarm with the invisible dead of my tribe." - Chief Seattle, 1855 Join our Chickamauga Cherokee Mailing List! To Subscribe, send an e-mail message to the address below with the word SUBSCRIBE in the body of the message. NA-CHICKAMAUGA-L-request@rootsweb.com This Website is featured in Everton's Family History Magazine May/June 2002 Issue! "The Red Clay Nation research organization targets Arkansas Cherokees and the Lost Cherokees.

40. Beothuk: Information From Answers.com beothuk The beothuks were the native inhabitants of the island of The term RedIndian was later used to refer to North american native people in http://www.answers.com/topic/beothuk

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Beothuk Wikipedia Beothuk The Beothuks were the native inhabitants of the island of Newfoundland at the time of European contact in the and 16th centuries . They are now extinct. Early European contact "Beothuk" means "people" in the Beothuk language . The origins of the Beothuks are uncertain, but it appears that they were an Algonquian group who displaced a Dorset culture on Newfoundland about 1000 years ago. It is possible that the natives described by the Vikings as Skraelings were Beothuk inhabitants of Labrador and Newfoundland. When other Europeans arrived, beginning with John Cabot in , contact with the Beothuks was established. Estimates on the number of Beothuks on the island at this time vary, ranging from 1000 to 5000. The Europeans called the Beothuk "Red Indians", because they painted themselves with red ochre . The term "Red Indian" was later used to refer to North American native people in general and took on a more negative connotation. The Beothuks spent their summers fishing along the coast and their winters hunting in the interior. In the fall, they set up fences which were used to drive migrating

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